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1、Book 4Unit ThreeGender DifferencesUnit ThreeUnit ThreeTask 1: Doyouknowthat?Task 2: ApoemTask 3: WivesandbreadwinnersTask 4: ManandwomanDumb man + dumb woman =Smart man + smart woman =Dumb man + smart woman =Gender Differencesromanceaffairmarriage Gender difference is a term used to refer to social
2、characteristic that distinguish men and women. These include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of
3、masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.Gender DifferencesScan the differences between men and women.Then work in groups to decide whether the characteristics are mens or womens according to the information you get.Do you know that?Clickthepicturetogettheanswer1.suffer more
4、 illnesses 2.have a higher rate of colorblindness 3.have a larger brain 4.are more likely to have a heart attack5.have more fears6.live longer7.like diamond shapes8.miss more workHowdoesTennysonseetherolesofmenandwomen?Explainhispoeminyourownwords.Youmaybeginyourexplanationwith: His poem tells us th
5、at man works in the field while woman should stay at home. Man Read the poem by Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) carefully. Work in groups and answer the questions below.Manforthefieldandwomanforthehearth(炉边)ManfortheswordandfortheneedlesheManwiththeheadandwomanwiththeheartMantocommandandwomantoobey;Alle
6、lseconfusion.fromThe Princess(1847)A PoemWatchtheinterviewonWives Are Bread Winnersandanswerthefollowingquestionswiththeideasyougetfromit.1.Whyisthereahighdivorcerateinthefamilieswhichwivesearnmore?2.Howdowomenoftenfeelwhentheygetmoreforthefamily?3.Whataremasculineandfeminine?Wives Are Bread Winners
7、Wives Are Bread WinnersWho will do the following things, man or woman? Could you think of similar ones as many as possible about the different personality of man and woman?Pay $200 for a $100 item needed.Pay $100 for a $200 item not needed.Worries about the future until gets the other oneNever worri
8、es about the future until gets the other oneOne who makes more money than the other can spend.The one who has the last word in any argument.The one who says Anything after that is the beginning of a new argument.One who can find such a person.Tobehappywithaman,youmustunderstandhimalotandlovehimlittl
9、e.Tobehappywithawoman,youmustloveheralotandnottrytounderstandheratall.Man and WomanAwomanmarriesamanexpectinghewillchange,buthedoesnt.Amanmarriesawomanexpectingthatshewontchange,andshedoes.Womenlovecats.Mensaytheylovecats,butwhenwomenarentlooking,menkickcats.Awomanknowsallaboutherchildren,bestfriend
10、s,favoritefoods,secretfearsandhopesanddreams.Amanisvaguelyawareofsomeshortpeoplelivinginthehouse.Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife:Ideal husband1)tall, handsome and strong 2) capable of supporting a familyIdeal wife 1) beautiful and healthy 2) warm-heartedIdeal Wife and Ideal Husban
11、dDirections:Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1)Fromyourpointofview,whatarethecharacteristicsoftheidealwifeandtheidealhusband?2)Wouldtheidealwifeandtheidealhusbandhavebeendifferentinyourparentsgenerationandinyourgrandparentsgeneration?Ifso,how?In-Class ReadingGender Roles from a Cult
12、ural Gender Roles from a Cultural PerspectivePerspectiveWork in pairs to Work in pairs to answer the following questions.answer the following questions.AA manman shouldshould bebe masculine.masculine. HeHe shouldshould bebestrongstrong andand responsibleresponsible enoughenough toto protectprotectwo
13、men,women,childrenchildrenandandthetheoldoldinina afamilyfamilyandandininthethesociety.society.HeHecarescaresmoremoreaboutabouthishiscareercareerandandsuccesssuccess thanthan hishis looks.looks. However,However, a a womanwomanshouldshould bebe feminine,feminine, tender,tender, considerateconsiderate
14、 andandsmart.smart. SheShe shouldshould spendspend moremore timetime ononhouseholdhousehold affairs,affairs, onon childrenchildren andand thethe oldold atathome.home.Whats the typical image of a man / woman Whats the typical image of a man / woman in traditional mold? in traditional mold? SampleSamp
15、leYes. There is a culture bias in education thatfavors boys over girls. Sometimes teachersunknowingly prevented girls from participatingas activelyas boys in class by assigning themdifferenttasks.Forexample,Inascienceclass,the teacher had the little boys perform thescientificexperimentwhilethegirlsw
16、eregiventhetaskofputtingthematerialsaway. Is there any gender-bias in education? If Is there any gender-bias in education? If so, whats the situation? Can you give an so, whats the situation? Can you give an example to illustrate it?example to illustrate it?SampleSampleThisThismaymaydeprivedeprivegi
17、rlsgirlsofofthethechancechanceofofhands-onhands-onwork,work, a a vitalvital learninglearning experienceexperience thatthat wouldwouldaffectaffecttheirtheirentireentirelives.lives.(Another(AnotherexampleexampleisisthatthatthethetypicaltypicalAmericanAmericanteachersteachersassumeassumethatthatboysboy
18、swillwilldodobetterbetterininmathmathandandsciencesciencesubjectssubjectswhilewhilegirlsgirlshavehavebetterbetterverbalverbalandandreadingreadingskills.skills.ThisThisattitudeattitude inin teachingteaching leadsleads toto boysboys problemsproblems ininreadingandgirlslackofinterestsinscience.)reading
19、andgirlslackofinterestsinscience.)According to the last paragraph, how do boys According to the last paragraph, how do boys and girls treat their school work? and girls treat their school work? SampleSampleBoysBoystendtendtotobebemoremoreindependent,independent,analyticalanalyticalorororiginalorigin
20、al intellectually.intellectually. WhileWhile girlsgirls areare moremoredependentdependentononteachersteachersandandmoremoreconcernedconcernedwithwiththetheformformandandneatnessneatnessofoftheirtheirworkworkthanthanwithwithitsitscontent.content.IthasbeenprovenrepeatedlythattheIthasbeenprovenrepeated
21、lythatthevarioustypesofbehavior,emotionsandvarioustypesofbehavior,emotionsandintereststhatconstitutebeingmasculineintereststhatconstitutebeingmasculineandfemininearepatternedbybothandfemininearepatternedbybothheredityandcultureheredityandculture. .heredity /hredti/nU遗传hereditaryhredtr/-tradj.世袭的;遗传的
22、Introduction (Para. 1)TeachersTeachers calledcalled onon malesmales inin classclass farfar moremorethanonfemalestudents.(Para.2)thanonfemalestudents.(Para.2)Development (Para. 2-4)TeachersTeachersassignedassignedboysboysandandgirlsgirlsdifferentdifferenttaskstasksaccordingtostereotypedgenderroles.(P
23、ara.3)accordingtostereotypedgenderroles.(Para.3)Gender-biasedGender-biasededucationeducationisisalsoalsoreflectedreflectedininthethetypicaltypicalAmericanAmericanteachersteachersassumptionassumptionthatthatboysboyswillwill dodo betterbetter inin sciencescience subjectssubjects whilewhile girlsgirlst
24、endtend toto havehave betterbetter verbalverbal andand readingreading skills.skills.(Para.4)(Para.4)ThereisaculturalbiasineducationthatfavorsboysThereisaculturalbiasineducationthatfavorsboysovergirls.overgirls.EducationalbiasbeginsathomeandEducationalbiasbeginsathomeanddevelopsatschool,whichinturnre
25、inforcesdevelopsatschool,whichinturnreinforcesitsestablishedvaluesandturnsouteachitsestablishedvaluesandturnsouteachgenderinitstraditionalandexpectedmold.genderinitstraditionalandexpectedmold.Conclusion (Para. 5)句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用 Overthepastfewdecades,ithasbeenproveninnumerable times that the various
26、 types ofbehavior,emotions,andintereststhatconstitute being masculine and feminine arepatternedbybothheredityandculture. (Line 1)(Line 1)Ithasbeenproven(innumerabletimes)that,被（无数次）证明被（无数次）证明译译译译 文文文文ExampleExample现现已证明已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病。吸烟可以引起很多疾病。Nowithasbeenproventhatsmokingcancausemanydiseases.已已经经无无
27、数数次次地地证证实实感感冒冒不不是是由由于于受受到到非非常常恶恶劣劣天天气气的影响造成的。的影响造成的。Ithasbeenproveninnumerabletimesthatcoldsarenotcausedbybeingsubjectedtoverybadweather. 宇宙在增大的说法宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了已经被证实了。IthasbeenproventhatIthasbeenproventhattheuniverseistheuniverseisexpanding.expanding.patternpatternn.n.模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图案模式；方式；图
28、案e e.g.Sentencepatterns.g.Sentencepatterns句型；句型；句型；句型； livingpatternslivingpatterns生活方式；生活方式；生活方式；生活方式；他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。HeHepatternedpatternedhimselfafteramanheadmired.himselfafteramanheadmired.他他的的女女子子气气是是小小时时候候他他母母亲亲经经常常把把他他打打扮扮成成小小姑姑娘娘和他常和小女孩玩耍和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果的结果。HisfemininityHisfe
29、mininityispatternedbyispatternedbyhismotheralwayshismotheralwaysdressinghimlikeagirlandhisplayingwithgirlsindressinghimlikeagirlandhisplayingwithgirlsinhischildhood.hischildhood.ExampleExamplev.v.formformthethecharacter,character,qualities,qualities,etc.,etc.,(of(ofoneself)oneself)bycopyingbycopying
30、形成形成形成形成的性格的性格的性格的性格/ /品质，学品质，学品质，学品质，学的样的样的样的样 Overthepastfewdecades,ithasbeenproveninnumerable times that the various types ofbehavior,emotions,andintereststhatconstitute being masculine and feminine arepatternedbybothheredityandculture. (Line 1)(Line 1)译译译译文文文文在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了证实了
31、这样这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是是遗传又是文化熏陶遗传又是文化熏陶的结果的结果。 InInthetheprocessprocessofof growinggrowingup,up,eacheachchildchildlearnslearnshundredshundreds ofof culturallyculturally patternedpatterned detailsdetails ofofbehaviorbehavior thatthat become
32、become incorporatedincorporated intointo itsitsgenderidentity.genderidentity. (Line 3)(Line 3)译译译译 文文文文句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用intheprocessof在在的过程中的过程中ExampleExample在在适适应应陌陌生生人人习习惯惯的的过过程程中中，在在校校大大学学生生可可以以学学会会如何应变去适应新情况。如何应变去适应新情况。Intheprocessofadaptingtoastrangershabits,undergraduatestudentscanlearnhowtocha
33、ngetosuitnewconditions. 在在城城市市建建设设和和开开发发的的过过程程中中，对对周周围围环环境境的的破破坏坏真的不可避免吗？真的不可避免吗？Isthedestructionofsurroundingsreallyunavoidableintheprocessofcitybuildinganddeveloping? be/becomeincorporatedintobe/becomeincorporatedinto 合并成合并成合并成合并成他们已经把她的建议他们已经把她的建议纳入纳入他们的新计划中。他们的新计划中。TheyTheyincorporatedincorporat
34、edhersuggestionshersuggestionsintointotheirtheirnewplan.newplan.这个小商行已经这个小商行已经并入了并入了一家大公司。一家大公司。ThesmallfirmThesmallfirmhashas pany.ExampleExample InInthetheprocessprocessofof growinggrowingup,up,eacheachchildchildlearnslearnshundredshundreds ofof culturallyculturally patternedpatterned detailsdetai
35、ls ofofbehaviorbehavior thatthat becomebecome incorporatedincorporated intointo itsitsgenderidentitygenderidentity. . (Line 3)(Line 3)译译译译文文文文在成长的过程中在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了，每个孩子学会了各种各种行为举行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，烙印，成为成为他们他们性别特征的一部分性别特征的一部分。InsteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopInsteadofbeing
36、encouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatthatareareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysare,are,girlsarefilledwithgirlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsidefearsoftheworldoutsidethehomethehomeandwith
37、andwiththedesiretothedesiretobeapprovedofbeapprovedof fortheir“goodness”andfortheir“goodness”andobediencetoobediencetorules.rules. (Line 54)(Line 54)译译译译 文文文文句子分析句子分析句子分析句子分析 girlsarefilledwithandwith是全句是全句的主句的主句 insteadofbeingencouraged的主语的主语是是girls thatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld是定语从句，修饰
38、是定语从句，修饰intellectualcuriosityandphysicalskills句子分析句子分析句子分析句子分析 befilledwith有两个宾语，一个是有两个宾语，一个是 fearsofthe world outside the home,另另一一个个是是 desiretobeapprovedoffortheir“goodness”andobediencetorulesbeapprovedofsth.赞成，欣赏，赞成，欣赏，变成被动语态时不能省略变成被动语态时不能省略of approveapprove v.v.赞成，赞同赞成，赞同赞成，赞同赞成，赞同 ；批准，通过；批准，通过；
39、批准，通过；批准，通过这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同ThisproposalThisproposalwasapprovedofwasapprovedofbyMr.FosteratthebyMr.Fosteratthemeeting.meeting.数数月月的的迟迟疑疑不不定定后后，市市长长办办公公室室最最终终批批准准了了建建新新医医院的计划。院的计划。Aftermonthsofindecision,themayorsofficehasAftermonthsofindecision,themayorsofficehasfinallyfinallyap
40、provedapprovedtheplansforanewhospital.theplansforanewhospital.ExampleExampleobediencetosb.(sth.)obediencetosb.(sth.) ( (名词短语名词短语名词短语名词短语) ) 服从，遵从某人（某事）服从，遵从某人（某事）服从，遵从某人（某事）服从，遵从某人（某事）他要求下级他要求下级服从服从他。他。HedemandedHedemandedobedienceobediencefromhisinferiors.fromhisinferiors.奴隶们不得不奴隶们不得不服从服从他们的主人。他们的主
41、人。Theslavesgave/showedpassiveTheslavesgave/showedpassiveobediencetoobediencetotheirmaster.theirmaster.ExampleExample孩孩子子们们对对于于强强壮壮的的父父亲亲很很顺顺从从，却却在在操操持持家家务务的的母母亲面前很调皮。亲面前很调皮。ChildrenChildren areare obedientobedient toto a a strongstrong father,father, butbutnaughtywithadomesticmother.naughtywithadome
42、sticmother.译译译译文文文文女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐惧和因优良品格和惧和因优良品格和服从服从精神精神得到赞同得到赞同的欲望。的欲望。InsteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopInsteadofbeingencouragedtodevelopintellectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatareinte
43、llectualcuriosityandphysicalskillsthatareusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysusefulindealingwiththeoutsideworld,asboysare,girlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsideare,girlsarefilledwithfearsoftheworldoutsidethehomeandwiththedesiretothehomeandwiththedesiretobeapprovedofbeapprovedof fortheir“goodn
44、ess”andfortheir“goodness”andobediencetoobediencetorules.rules. (Line 54)(Line 54)难难难难句句句句分分分分析析析析TheselessonsTheselessonscarryovercarryoverfromthehometothefromthehometotheclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobeclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobemoredependentmoredependentontheteacher,on
45、theteacher,moreconcernedmoreconcerned withtheformandneatnessoftheirworkwiththeformandneatnessoftheirworkthanthanwithwithitscontent,anditscontent,andmoremore anxiousanxiousaboutbeing“right”aboutbeing“right”intheiranswersintheiranswersthanthaninbeingintellectuallyinbeingintellectuallyindependent,analy
46、tical,ororiginal.independent,analytical,ororiginal.(Line58)(Line58)句句中中“whereororiginal”是是非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，修修饰饰前前面面主主句句中中的的名名词词“classroom”。其其中中“tobemoremore.,andmoreoriginal”是是并并列列的的主主语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。译译译译 文文文文句句型型more（adj.）than用用于于比比较较两两个个事事物物，比比更加（更加（）ExampleExample知知道道如如何何学学习习比
47、比只只记记住住一一些些事事实实或或一一个个公公式式总总是是要要重要得多重要得多。ItisalwaysItisalwaysmoreimportantmoreimportanttoknowhowtostudytoknowhowtostudybyoneselfbyoneselfthanthantoremembersomefactsoratoremembersomefactsoraformula.formula.我我认认为为先先找找个个工工作作干干一一、两两年年要要比比直直接接继继续续深深造造更有益更有益。IthinkthattakingajobforayearortwoisIthinkthattak
48、ingajobforayearortwoismoremorebeneficialthanbeneficialthancontinuingmyeducationdirectly.continuingmyeducationdirectly.carryovercarryover （使）继续下去，把（使）继续下去，把（使）继续下去，把（使）继续下去，把从一个范从一个范从一个范从一个范围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围围扩大到另一个范围文章文章转入转入下一页。下一页。 TheThe articlearticle carriescarries overover onon toto th
49、ethe nextnextpage.page.这这个个习习惯惯是是从从他他的的童童年年时代时代保留下来保留下来的。的。ThehabitThehabitcarriesovercarriesover fromhischildhood.fromhischildhood.ExampleExampleTheselessonsTheselessonscarryovercarryoverfromthehometothefromthehometotheclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobservedtobeclassroom,wheregirlsaregenerallyobse
50、rvedtobemoredependentmoredependentontheteacher,ontheteacher,moreconcernedmoreconcerned withtheformandneatnessoftheirworkwiththeformandneatnessoftheirworkthanthanwithwithitscontent,anditscontent,andmoremore anxiousanxiousaboutbeing“right”aboutbeing“right”intheiranswersintheiranswersthanthaninbeingint
51、ellectuallyinbeingintellectuallyindependent,analytical,ororiginal.independent,analytical,ororiginal.(Line58)(Line58)译译译译文文文文这类教诲从家庭一直这类教诲从家庭一直延续延续到课堂。于是，在课堂到课堂。于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖更依赖教师，教师，更注重更注重作业的形式和整洁而非内容，作业的形式和整洁而非内容，更在乎更在乎她们所给的她们所给的答案是否答案是否“正确正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力或创造能
52、力的提高。以及分析能力或创造能力的提高。gender (n.) (title) the physical or social condition of being male or female 性别性别 （强调社会性别）（强调社会性别）请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise_shouldnotbeignoredintodayssociety.性别不平等性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。Sometimes_willresultinsomesocialproblems.有时候有时候性别差异性别差异会导致一些社会问题会导致一些社会问题。g
53、enderdifferencesGenderinequality同同义词比比较 sex (line 20, Para. 2)n. the condition of being either male or female; the set of all male or female people 性别性别, 男性或女性男性或女性 （强调生理性别）（强调生理性别）malesexmalesex男性男性TranslationTranslation请在请在性别性别一栏填代表男性的字母一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性或代表女性的字母的字母”F”。Inthespacemarked“sex”,putan“
54、M”formaleoran“F”forfemale. femalesexfemalesex女性女性相关词语相关词语相关词语相关词语masculine (line 2, Para.1)adj. relating to or being considered typical of men, in contrast to women 有阳有阳刚之气的，有男子特点的之气的，有男子特点的feminine (line 3, Para.1)adj. having qualities that are considered to be typical of women, especially by being
55、 gentle, delicate, and pretty 阴柔的，阴柔的，妇女女(似似)的；的；娇柔的柔的male(line 23, Para. 2)adj.男性的；雄性的男性的；雄性的n.男人；雄性动物男人；雄性动物female(line 23, Para. 2) adj.女性的；雌性的女性的；雌性的n.女子；雌性动物女子；雌性动物ExerciseExerciseThegirlisrather_inappearance.masculineTodaydiscriminationTodaydiscrimination( ( ( (歧视歧视歧视歧视) ) ) )against_against_j
56、ob-seekersstillexists.job-seekersstillexists.femaleAsweknow,_animalsaremoreAsweknow,_animalsaremoreaggressiveunderattack.aggressiveunderattack.male请用请用 masculine，feminine, male 或或 female 填空。填空。_e_educationneedsmoresocialconcern.ducationneedsmoresocialconcern.Feminineconstitute (v.) (Line 2, Para. 1)
57、1) combine to form; make up 构成构成Generally,365daysGenerally,365daysconstituteconstituteoneyear.oneyear.一般情况下，一年一般情况下，一年有有365天。天。TranslationTranslation三个台湾女孩儿，三个台湾女孩儿，Selina,Hebe和和Ella,组成了组成了流行女流行女子演唱组子演唱组“S.H.E”。ThreeTaiwangirls,Selina,HebeandElla,constitutepopulargirlband“S.H.E”. 2) formally establi
58、sh an organization, institution, government, etc. 设立，建立设立，建立请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseChineseConsumersAssociationisanorganization_.中国消费者协会中国消费者协会成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者的权益的权益。TheUSFederalReserveBoard_in1913.美国联邦储备委员会美国联邦储备委员会成立于成立于1913年。年。wasconstitutedconstitutedtoprotectthelegalrightsof
59、Chineseconsumersbias (Line 13, Para.2) n. a prejudice or preference that interferes with a fair judgment 偏见，成见偏见，成见他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见偏见偏见偏见。 Theycomplainedofbiasinthewaythenewspaperreportedtheincident. TranslationTranslationThatemployeeshou
60、ldbeevaluatedwithoutanybias.在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见偏见。相关相关词语 biased (line 21, Para. 2)adj. preferring one person, thing, or idea to another in a way that is unfair 偏袒一方的，有偏见的偏袒一方的，有偏见的请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise_whowashisneighborsson.那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的。因。因为该候选人是
61、他邻居的儿子。为该候选人是他邻居的儿子。IntheUnitedStates,almostallthenewsmedia_.在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个偏向某一个政党政党。arebiasedtowardsonepoliticalpartyortheotherThejudgewasbiasedinfavorofthethirdcandidateimpact (Line 24, Para. 2)n. 1) (+on) an esp. strong or powerful influence or effect caused or produced b
62、y an idea, invention, event, etc. 影响影响, 效果效果(常与介词常与介词on连用连用)常用结构：常用结构：have/make an impact on 对对 产生影响产生影响请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseYangYangsgoldmedalsinthe2002OlympicWinterGames_.大杨扬在大杨扬在2002年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于中国体中国体育的影响是深远的育的影响是深远的。电脑和手机电脑和手机对现代生活的影响是巨大的对现代生活的影响是巨大的。Computerandmobilepho
63、ne_.havehad/madeahaveaprofoundimpactontheChinesesportsgreatimpactonmodernlife2) the force of one object hitting another碰碰撞撞, 冲击冲击TranslationTranslation撞击撞击撞击撞击给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。 Theimpactcausedseriousdamagetothesurfaceofthemachine.泰坦尼克号泰坦尼克号撞击撞击冰山的冰山的致命致命事故本
64、来是可以避免的。事故本来是可以避免的。 Titanicsfatalimpact(致命的)intotheicebergshouldhavebeenavoided.participant (n.) (Line 25, Para. 2) a person who takes part or has a share in an activity or event 参与者参与者, 共享者共享者这次比赛的这次比赛的这次比赛的这次比赛的参赛者参赛者参赛者参赛者据说都来自非洲国家。据说都来自非洲国家。据说都来自非洲国家。据说都来自非洲国家。 Allparticipantsinthematcharesaidto
65、comefromAfricancountries. TranslationTranslation他也是即将到来的英语演讲比赛的他也是即将到来的英语演讲比赛的参与参与者之一。者之一。HeisalsooneoftheparticipantsintheupcomingEnglishspeakingcompetition. 动词形式：动词形式：participatev. (+in) rather formal: to take part or have a share in an activity or event (与与in连用连用) 参参与与, 参加参加, 分享分享, 分担分担请完成下面的句子。请
66、完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseLotsofstudentsofourschool_intheblooddonation.我们学校的很多学生我们学校的很多学生都自愿参加都自愿参加献血活动。献血活动。ItisreportedthatastronautsFeiJunlongandNieHaisheng_.据报道说航天员费俊龙和聂海胜据报道说航天员费俊龙和聂海胜将参加开幕式将参加开幕式。willparticipateintheopeningceremonyarewillingtoparticipate名词形式：名词形式：participation (line 29, Para. 2)
67、n. the act or process of taking part in an activity or event参与，参加参与，参加subordination (n.) (Line 30, Para. 2) inferiority; an inferior or secondary status 从属，次要地位从属，次要地位TranslationTranslation我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿服从于服从于服从于服从于孩子们的幸孩子们的幸孩子们的幸孩子们的幸福的做法。福的做法。福的做法。福的做法。Wes
68、houldlearnfromhissubordinationofhisownwishestothechildrenswelfare. 从某种程度上说，男尊女从某种程度上说，男尊女从某种程度上说，男尊女从某种程度上说，男尊女卑卑卑卑仍旧存在于社会生活的仍旧存在于社会生活的仍旧存在于社会生活的仍旧存在于社会生活的很多方面。很多方面。很多方面。很多方面。Maledominationandfemalesubordination,tosomedegree,stillexistinmanyaspectsofsociallives. 相关词语相关词语相关词语相关词语subordinate(1) v. (+t
69、o) （常与（常与to连用）使居次要地位；隶属用）使居次要地位；隶属(2) adj. (+to)（常与（常与to连用）次要的连用）次要的,从属的从属的,下级的下级的(3) n.下属，下级下属，下级前前缀sub-用法小用法小结：sub-表示表示“副；分支；下副；分支；下级”例如：例如：subworker副手副手,subeditor副副编辑,subcommittee小小组委委员会会,subagent副代理人副代理人unknowingly (adv.)(Line 33, Para. 3) in a way of not realizing what one is doing or what is h
70、appening 不知不觉地不知不觉地很多孩子很多孩子很多孩子很多孩子在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中成了网络游戏的牺牲品。成了网络游戏的牺牲品。成了网络游戏的牺牲品。成了网络游戏的牺牲品。Agreatnumberofchildrenareunknowinglybecomingthevictimsofonlinegames.TranslationTranslation在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中在不知不觉中她喜欢上了京剧。她喜欢上了京剧。她喜欢上了京剧。她喜欢上了京剧。ShehasbeenunknowinglyinterestedinappreciatingBeijin
71、gOpera.unknowingly的构成：的构成：knowknowingunknowingunknowinglyassign (Line 34, Para. 3) v. 1) give someone a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing 分配，分派，指派（任务）分配，分派，指派（任务）请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise分派给她的分派给她的工作是工作是照顾无家可归的孩子。照顾无家可归的孩子。She_lookingafterthehomelessch
72、ildren.hasbeenassignedthejobofAftercompletingthetasksuccessfully,hisbrother_.在成功地完成了那项任务之后，他的哥哥在成功地完成了那项任务之后，他的哥哥被分派了被分派了另外一项有挑战性的工作另外一项有挑战性的工作。wasassignedanotherchallengingjob名词形式：名词形式：assignmentCouldyoutellmetodaysEnglishCouldyoutellmetodaysEnglishassignmentassignment? ?你能告诉我今天的英语你能告诉我今天的英语课后作业课后作
73、业吗？吗？TranslationTranslationHisassignmentwastofollowthatstranger.他的他的任务任务是跟踪那个陌生人。是跟踪那个陌生人。a duty or piece of work that is given to a particular person (分派的分派的)任务任务, 指定的指定的(课外课外)作业作业accordance (n.) (Line 35, Para. 3) in accordance with: in a way that fulfills or agrees with 常用固定搭配为常用固定搭配为 in accordan
74、ce with 与与.一致一致, 按照，依据按照，依据请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseHehasalreadycancelledthemeeting_.根据他的上司的命令根据他的上司的命令，他已经取消了那次会面。，他已经取消了那次会面。inaccordance_,thesportschannelofCCTVinterviewedfamousfigureskatersShenXueandZhaoHongbo.按照观众的愿望按照观众的愿望，中央电视台体育频道专访了著名，中央电视台体育频道专访了著名花样滑冰运动员申雪和赵宏博。花样滑冰运动员申雪和赵宏博。Inacc
75、ordancewithviewerswisheswithhissuperiorsorders相关单词：相关单词：accord政府的决策应该政府的决策应该政府的决策应该政府的决策应该符合符合符合符合人民的基本利益。人民的基本利益。人民的基本利益。人民的基本利益。Thedecisionsofthegovernmentsshouldaccordwiththefundamentalinterestsofthepeople. TranslationTranslationWhathesaiddoesnotaccordwithwhatactuallyhappened. 他所说的他所说的并不符合并不符合事实。
76、事实。vi. fml (+with) to be the same (as); agree 符合，与符合，与一致（常与一致（常与with连用）连用）deprive (vt.) (Line 39, Para. 3)固定短语：固定短语：deprive sb. of sth. v. to take away from; prevent from using or having 剥夺剥夺, 使丧失使丧失请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseThatlawwill_.那部法律将那部法律将剥夺他们的最基本的权利剥夺他们的最基本的权利。deprivethemoftheirmos
77、tbasicrightsDuetotakingexcitant,thatathletehasalreadybeen_.由于服用兴奋剂，那个运动员已经由于服用兴奋剂，那个运动员已经丧失了参加奥运丧失了参加奥运会的资格。会的资格。deprivedoftherighttotakepartintheOlympicGamesdeprivationn. the act of depriving or state of being deprived 剥夺，丧失剥夺，丧失gender identityThere is a culture bias in education that favors boys o
78、ver girls.The culture provides different images and adult models for boys and girls. 性别特征性别特征教育中存在着一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化倾向。教育中存在着一种男孩比女孩更受偏爱的文化倾向。文化为男孩和女孩提供了不同的形象和成年人榜样。文化为男孩和女孩提供了不同的形象和成年人榜样。develop more positive attitudeopen their doors to 形成更积极的态度形成更积极的态度向向敞开大门敞开大门From nursery school to postgraduate cou
79、rses, teachers call on males in class far more than on male students. 从托儿所到研究生课堂，老师请男学生发言的次从托儿所到研究生课堂，老师请男学生发言的次数远比请女学生多。数远比请女学生多。Teachers assign boys and girls different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. 老师们根据根深蒂固的性别模式给女孩子布置与老师们根据根深蒂固的性别模式给女孩子布置与男孩子不同的任务。男孩子不同的任务。Girls, who are sup
80、erior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. 那些九岁以前在数学方面比男孩子强的女孩，此那些九岁以前在数学方面比男孩子强的女孩，此后却落后了。后却落后了。处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧 拆译法拆译法拆译法拆译法处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧（二）拆译法（二）拆译法拆译法就是将英语句子拆译法就是将英语句子中有些成分，比如词、词组、中有些成分，比如词、词组、插入成分或者从句，从句子插入成分或者从句，从句子的主干中拆分出来处理，或的主
81、干中拆分出来处理，或变成短句，或变成独立句等。变成短句，或变成独立句等。这些成分可改变位置，但是这些成分可改变位置，但是要利于译文句子的总体安排，要利于译文句子的总体安排，使译文自然、通顺。使译文自然、通顺。ThenumberofyoungpeopleintheUnitedStateswhocannotreadisincredible-aboutoneinfour.（单词拆译）（单词拆译）大约四分之一的美国年轻人不具备阅读能力，这简直令人难以置大约四分之一的美国年轻人不具备阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。信。Letusadmit,andregret,thathehonestlybelievesi
82、timpossibletodifferfromhim.（单词拆译）（单词拆译）我们不得不承认，他真的相我们不得不承认，他真的相信凡与他抱不同见解的人不信凡与他抱不同见解的人不可能是一个正人君子，这是可能是一个正人君子，这是令人遗憾的事。令人遗憾的事。Thereisatidetakenatthefloodintheaffairsnotonlyofmenbutofwomentoo,whichleadsontofortune.（词组拆译）（词组拆译）人生在世，有时会走运，抓住人生在世，有时会走运，抓住时机，就能飞黄腾达，不但男时机，就能飞黄腾达，不但男性如此，女性也一样。性如此，女性也一样。With
83、thefearof,largelyimaginary,plotsagainsthisleadership,hisself-confidenceseemedtotallytodeserthim.由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位，他似乎完全丧失了自信，由于害怕有人阴谋推翻他的领导地位，他似乎完全丧失了自信，但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的。但是所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己凭空想象出来的。AfriendlycorrespondenceasneighborsandoldacquaintanceshadcontinuedbetweenmeandMrs.Readsfamily,whoal
84、lhadaregardformefromthetimeofmyfirstlodgingintheirhouse.（从句拆译）（从句拆译）从我第一次入住他们家开始，里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心，从我第一次入住他们家开始，里德太太一家人就一直对我很关心，我们像是友好的邻居，又像是相识多年的老朋友那样，书信来往我们像是友好的邻居，又像是相识多年的老朋友那样，书信来往始终未断。始终未断。Thisland,whichoncebarredthewayofwearytravelers,nowhasbecomealandforwinterandsummervacations,alandofmagicandw
85、onder.（从句拆译）（从句拆译）现在此处已经成为冬夏两季的度假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观；现在此处已经成为冬夏两季的度假胜地，风光景物，蔚为奇观；而从前，筋疲力尽的旅游者到此只得止步。而从前，筋疲力尽的旅游者到此只得止步。Somemenhavebeenvirtuousblindly,othershavespeculatedfantastically,andothershavebeenshrewdtobadpurposes.（单（单词拆译）词拆译）有些人品行端正，但却不去推究为什么要这样做；有些人深思熟有些人品行端正，但却不去推究为什么要这样做；有些人深思熟虑，但却流于脱离现实；有些人非常精明
86、，但却把精明用于邪道。虑，但却流于脱离现实；有些人非常精明，但却把精明用于邪道。Nextdoor,alarger-than-expectedaudienceof300attendedtheFifteenthInternationalConferenceonEnvironmentProtection.（词组拆译）（词组拆译）隔壁大厅里，参加隔壁大厅里，参加“第十五届国际环境保护大会第十五届国际环境保护大会”的人数竟达的人数竟达300名之多，这真是出乎意料。名之多，这真是出乎意料。OnbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests,Iwishtothankyoufortheinco
87、mparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld.（从句拆译）（从句拆译）我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世。情款待，中国人民以这种热情好客而闻名于世。写作实践写作实践例文例文: Gender Inequality in Employment of College Graduates相关链接相关链接WritingActivities Directions: For this
88、part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Gender Inequality in Employment of College Graduates. You should write at least 120 words according to the given information below:1.1.1.1.高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；高校毕业生，尤其是女生，就业压力大；2.2.2.2.用人单位在招聘时以各种
89、原因歧视女生；用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生；用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生；用人单位在招聘时以各种原因歧视女生；3.3.3.3.你对在就业中你对在就业中你对在就业中你对在就业中“ “男女不平等男女不平等男女不平等男女不平等” ”的看法。的看法。的看法。的看法。WritingActivitiesGenderInequalityinEmploymentofCollegeGraduatesInrecentyears,thenumberofcollegegraduatesisskyrocketing(猛涨),whilethenumberofjobvacancies(空缺)islimiteda
90、nd seemingly shrinking. If you payattentiontothe“wantads”innewspapersorontheCampusInformationBoard,youcanfindwordslike“malespreferably,”oreven“malesONLY.” Whenhuntingforjobsinthe Talent Fair, female graduates are morelikelytosensethebiasinemploymentthatfavorsmalegraduatesoverfemales.WritingActivitie
91、sThediscriminationagainstfemalesinemploymentwidelyexistsforavarietyofreasons.Theemployershavetheirsoundreasonswomenare not fit for some of the jobs they offer. Mostemployers believe that women would not devotethemselvestotheircareersasmuchasmendo,fortheyspendmoretimeandenergyonfamilylifeorhousework.
92、Apartfromthis,itisgenerallyacceptedthat females are physically and intellectuallyinferiortomales,sotheyarenotabletocontributemuch due to their incapability. Furthermore, thebiological difference is another obstacle thathinderswomenfromobtainingcertainpositions.WritingActivitiesAsamatteroffact,itisno
93、tprimarilybiologythatdetermineswomensrolesinsociety,butsocialprejudices(偏见).Menhavebeenviewedasthebreadwinner of the family, while women areexpectedtotakecareofthechildrenandtodothehousework.TheemployersdiscriminationagainstfemalesnotonlydeprivesthemoftheopportunityWritingActivitiestofulfilltheirdre
94、ams,butgreatlydiscouragesthemaswelleventhoughtheiracademicperformancesarebetterthanmales,thechancesforthemtogetjobsarefewer.Inreality,iffemalesaretreatedsimilarly,theyhavethesamepotentialastheirmale counterparts（男同胞）andcanaccomplishsimilargoals.WritingActivitiesI. GRE作文题目作文题目I Statisticscollectedfro
95、mdentistsindicatethatthreetimesmorementhanwomenfaintwhilevisitingthedentist.Thisevidencesuggeststhatmenaremorelikelytobedistressedabouthavingdentalworkdonethanwomenare.Thus,dentistswhoadvertisetoattractpatientsshouldtargetthemaleconsumerandemphasizeboththeeffectivenessoftheiranesthetictechniquesandt
96、hesensitivityoftheirstafftonervousorsufferingpatients.WritingActivitiesII. GRE作文题目作文题目IIThefollowingrecommendationwasmadebythepresidentandadministrativestaffofGroveCollege,aprivateinstitution,tothecollegesgoverningcommittee.“WerecommendthatGroveCollegepreserveitscentury-oldtraditionofall-femaleeduca
97、tionratherthanadmitmenintoitsprograms.Itistruethatamajorityoffacultymembersvotedinfavorofcoeducation,arguingthatitwouldencouragemorestudentstoapplytoGrove.Buteightypercentofthestudentsrespondingtoasurveyconductedbythestudentgovernmentwantedtheschooltoremainallfemale,andoverhalfofthealumniwhoansweredaseparatesurveyalsoopposedcoeducation.Keepingthecollegeall-female,therefore,willimprovemoraleamongstudentsandconvincealumnitokeepsupportingthecollegefinancially.” Thanks for Your Attention!
