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1、完形填空完形填空解题技巧解题技巧一、一、 安徽中考完形填空的特点是什么安徽中考完形填空的特点是什么？完完 形形填填 空空客观客观题题在在特特定定的的语语境境中中，综综合运用所学语言知识合运用所学语言知识3030 考查学生对各方面语言知识灵活运用的能力，在考查学生对各方面语言知识灵活运用的能力，在一篇难易适中的短文中留出一篇难易适中的短文中留出10处空白。处空白。 考点的设置和选项的设计考虑到其科学性和合理考点的设置和选项的设计考虑到其科学性和合理性，选项均为同一类别，具有唯一性。性，选项均为同一类别，具有唯一性。完形填空体裁一般是一篇记叙文，一篇说明完形填空体裁一般是一篇记叙文，一篇说明 文文
2、，但近两年为两篇记叙文，但近两年为两篇记叙文。记叙文记叙文题材多题材多为小故事大道理，富有哲理，寓意深刻。说明文有科普、文化、为小故事大道理，富有哲理，寓意深刻。说明文有科普、文化、风俗等短文，体现了语言是文化的载体。风俗等短文，体现了语言是文化的载体。在设题形式上多考查动词、名词，形容词在语境中的辨析与在设题形式上多考查动词、名词，形容词在语境中的辨析与运用。运用。不再单纯考察语言形式，考生只有读懂语境，熟悉所给四个不再单纯考察语言形式，考生只有读懂语境，熟悉所给四个选项意义区别，才能做出正确判断。选项意义区别，才能做出正确判断。二、题型分析二、题型分析安徽近安徽近 5 年考查文体年考查文体
3、 年年 份份A 篇篇B 篇篇2016记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文2015记叙文记叙文记叙文记叙文2014记叙文记叙文说明文说明文2013记叙文记叙文说明文说明文2012说明文说明文记叙文记叙文三、完形填空的特点有哪些？三、完形填空的特点有哪些？重逻辑，轻语法重逻辑，轻语法 中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势。把具体的语言知识具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。考查的着重点在：词语辨析、词语搭配、语篇理解和逻辑推理等。词语辨析、词语搭配、语篇理解和逻辑推理等。完形填空的设空规律有哪些？完形填空的设空规律
4、有哪些？(1) (1) 首句不设空：首句不设空：因为首句是文章的窗口，不设空有助于考生了解或推测全文的大意，(2)(2)选项特点：选项特点：同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。(3)(3)设空方式：设空方式：命题者主要从以下三种层面上设题。 句子层面：在理解本句的基础上重要信息点可能 在空格前，也可能在空格后。 句组层面：考生需在理解空格所在句及其前一句或后一句之后才可选出正确答案。 语篇层面：必须理解前后几句或上下段落，甚至整个篇章，才可选出正确答案。 从上下文考虑；从上下文考虑； 从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑；从词汇意义及用法的角度考虑； 从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑；从逻辑推
5、理、常识等角度考虑； 从惯用法和固定搭配的角度考虑；从惯用法和固定搭配的角度考虑； 从语法知识的角度考虑。从语法知识的角度考虑。 做完形填空题常从以下几方面考虑：做完形填空题常从以下几方面考虑：1. 1. 注重首句，浏览全文注重首句，浏览全文, ,掌握大意。掌握大意。 a. a. 应用阅读技能应用阅读技能, ,进行缺词阅读。进行缺词阅读。 b. b. 注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句。注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句。2. 2. 注重语境，瞻前顾后注重语境，瞻前顾后, ,试填答案。试填答案。 a. a. 先填上固定搭配与习惯表达先填上固定搭配与习惯表达, ,基本句型等较容基本句型等较容易的空格
6、。易的空格。 b. b. 对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲, ,力争突破难点。力争突破难点。3. 3. 通读全文通读全文, ,检查核对检查核对. .确保最佳。确保最佳。四、解题步骤与策略四、解题步骤与策略1.Mr Black is a doctor, he works in the _ .2.A nurse not only works in the day, but also works during the_.3.He is rather busy, so he has _ time to have lunch at home.Warming-u
7、p:请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致：请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致：hospital nightno / little4. We have an English test this term, its very easy, most students can _this test. 5. The whole class went to the zoo yesterday, they were very tired _happy.pass butWarming-up:请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致：请根据前后文填词，使句子逻辑一致：Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语
8、境） In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his 1 . His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual. 1. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. sax
9、Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境） Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）（大臣）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of 2 are there in the pool?” . as big as the pool, there is one basket of water2. A. fish B. flowers C. water D. applesSkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（
10、逻辑推理） When we talked, I discovered（发现）（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little 3 than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. 3. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later4. A. ears B. e
11、yes C. body D. head My mother often asked me，“Whatis the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 4 ，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）（聋的）”Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）5. A. for B. of C. with D. to When two people are in a
12、conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener pays attention 5 what he or she is speakingpay attention to 注意注意 6. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his mo
13、ney to establish the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who made great 6 to the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences.Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）make contributions to对对做出贡献做出贡献Skill 4：words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）7.A. want B. help C. get D. ask7. But by using literary te
14、xts (文学文本文学文本 ) alongside other texts, teachers can 7 students improve their reading skills. Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知识（背景知识:包括生活及文化方面等）包括生活及文化方面等）8. A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing But we run so fast that, afterwards, we had trouble 8 . 同义重现同义重现 Liumei is among the 9 ones. The
15、 Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答应给）答应给）Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. 9. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like 10 friends while others like different friends
16、. Personally I prefer both. Having similar friends has many advantages. 10. A. true B. right C. same D. similar原词重现原词重现反义同现反义同现逻辑关系：转折逻辑关系：转折Have a try!真题演练真题演练 Have you ever given a helping hand to those who are in trouble? One day, two 1 were walking along the road to school when they saw an old w
17、oman carrying a large basket of pears. The woman looked very 2 . They went up to her and said, “Are you going to town? If you are, we will help you carry your basket.” “Thank you,” 3 the woman. “You are very kind. You see Im weak and ill.” Then she told them that she was going to market to 4 the pea
18、rs which grew on the only tree in her little garden.“We are all going to the 5 ,” said the boys. “Let us carry the basket.” And they took hold of it, one each side. They walked 6 with the heavy basket, but happily. The other day, I saw a little girl stop and 7 a piece of banana peel (皮), then she th
19、rew it into the dustbin (垃圾桶). “I wish 8 would throw that on the sidewalk,” said she. “Someone may step on it and fall.”真题演练真题演练 Perhaps some may say that these are not 9 things. That is right. But such a little thing shows that you have a thoughtful mind and a kind heart. We must not wait for the 1
20、0 to do great things. We must begin with little things of love.1 A. boys B. girls C. men D. women2 A. bored B. tired C. pleased D. surprised3 A. asked B. told C. replied D. spoke4 A. bring B. buy C. take D. sell5 A. town B. hotel C. garden D. company6 A. weakly B. quickly C. slowly D. quietly7 A. ta
21、ke out B. cut off C. put down D. pick up8 A. nobody B. everybody C. somebody D. anybody9 A. little B. small C. great D. bad10 A. pay B. chance C. advice D. love真题演练真题演练解析：解析：1 A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。boys 男孩；girls女孩；men男人；women女人。根据下文第四段中“.said the boys.”可知，这里说的是两个男孩。故选A。2 B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bored 厌烦的；tired 累的，疲惫
22、的；pleased 高兴的；surprised惊奇的。根据语境可知，这两个男孩想要帮助这个老太太拿篮子，因为这个老太太拿着这么大一篮子梨很累。故选B。3 C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。asked 问，要求；told告诉； replied回答；spoke说。根据句意可知，这里是老太太回应两个男孩的帮助。故选C。4 D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。bring 带来；buy 买；take 带走；sell卖。根据上下文可知，老太太拿着一大篮子梨是要去市场上卖。故选D。5 A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。town 镇，城镇；hotel宾馆；garden 花园；company公司。根据文意可知，这两个男孩要去镇里。
23、故选A。真题演练真题演练6 C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。weakly 虚弱地；quickly 迅速地，快地；slowly 慢慢地；quietly安静地。根据句意和空后的“the heavy basket”可知，篮子很重，所以他们走得很慢，但是还是很开心。故选C。7 D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。take out 拿出来；cut off 切断；put down 放下，镇压；pick up捡起。根据句意可知，这里是捡起香蕉皮。故选D。8 A【解析】考查不定代词的用法。nobody 没有人；everybody 每个人；somebody有人；anybody 任何人。根据句意可知，小女孩希望不要有人把香蕉皮扔在路上。故选A。9 C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。little 少的；small 小的；great 伟大的；bad糟糕的。根据上下文可知，作者给我们的这两个例子都是生活中的小事，所以也许会有人觉得这些事情不是大事。故选C。10 B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。pay 工资，报答；chance机会；advice 建议；love爱。根据语境可知，这里作者建议我们不能等着去做大事情的机会，而是要从身边的小事开始做起。有时候一些小事也会有很大的意义。故选B。Thank you!
