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1、专题三阅读理解专题三阅读理解专题三阅读理解专题三阅读理解精华考点百度精华考点百度考点一考点一细节细节理解理解题题(2011年高考山年高考山东东卷卷D)Since the 1970s，scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.经典品味经典品味经典品味经典品味Recently，two rese
2、archers，Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne，Switzerland，demonstrated (展示展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk
3、as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the mu
4、scles，”Tavella says.“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮头皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and c
5、ommands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Prof.Millan，the team leader，says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple com
6、mands.“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories：communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.” He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they
7、can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.【解题导语解题导语】本文主要介绍了本文主要介绍了Jose Millan和和Michele Tavella利用利用Braincomputer interface(BCI)technology制作的由人的意念控制制作的由人的意念控制的轮椅以及其工作原理等。的轮椅以及其工作原理等。71BCI is a technology that can _.Ahelp to update compute
8、r systemsBlink the human brain with computersChelp the disabled to recoverDcontrol a persons thoughts解析：解析：选选B。细节细节理解理解题题。由第一段中的。由第一段中的.scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands
9、to machines.可可知知选选B。72How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?ABy controlling his muscles.BBy talking to the machine.CBy moving his hand.DBy using his mind.解析：解析：选选D。细节细节理解理解题题。由第三段内容。由第三段内容.Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He coul
10、d even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.可知可知选选D。73Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?Ascalpcomputercap wheelchairBcomputercapscalpwheelchairCscalpcapcomputerwheelchairDcapcomputerscalpwheelchair解析：解析：选选C。细节细节理解理解题题。由第五段前三句可知。由第
11、五段前三句可知选选C。74The team will test with real patients to _.Amake profits from themBprove the technology useful to themCmake them live longerDlearn about their physical condition解析：解析：选选B。细节细节理解理解题题。由最后一段中的。由最后一段中的One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefi
12、t from.可知可知选选B。75Which of the following would be the best title for the text?ASwitzerland，the BCI Research CenterBNew Findings about How the Human Brain WorksCBCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledDRobotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries解析：解析：选选C。标题归纳题标题归纳题。通。通读读全文可知，文章全文可知，文章主要主要讲讲
13、述了述了BCI是如何帮助残疾人的。故是如何帮助残疾人的。故选选C。细节理解题旨在考查学生对文章中具体细节的细节理解题旨在考查学生对文章中具体细节的辨识能力。细节理解题的提问方式灵活多样，辨识能力。细节理解题的提问方式灵活多样，可涉及文章中的各种具体细节，如时间、地点、可涉及文章中的各种具体细节，如时间、地点、结果、原因、方式等。大体可以分为直接理解结果、原因、方式等。大体可以分为直接理解题题(通常在原文中可以直接找到答案通常在原文中可以直接找到答案)和语义转换和语义转换题题(通常将题目信息与原文信息进行语义上的转通常将题目信息与原文信息进行语义上的转换，备选项一般是同义词或词组重新叙述换，备选
14、项一般是同义词或词组重新叙述)。要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩1细节理解题的设题方式：细节理解题的设题方式：(1)Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage?(2)Which of the following is(not)discussed/mentioned in the passage?(3)According to the passage，what/where/which/who/why/when /how_？(4)How many/How much_？(5)Which is the
15、 right order of the events given in the passage?2解题技巧：解题技巧：(1)首先从问题中找出关键词，然后以此为线索，首先从问题中找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查找的技巧在文中迅速查找这一细运用略读及查找的技巧在文中迅速查找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节一点一滴的区别，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节一点一滴的区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。(2)略读材料，初步了解原文，掌握文章的中心略读材料，初步了解原文，
16、掌握文章的中心或主旨。或主旨。(3)按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如的信息词，如for example，first，second等预测等预测所需要的事实应该在何处。所需要的事实应该在何处。(4)将精力放在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通读将精力放在寻找所需要的细节上，快速通读跳读，眼睛自左向右，自上向下呈跳读，眼睛自左向右，自上向下呈Z形扫视，直形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节的句子时，就到找到细节出处，待找到含细节的句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直到找到答要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直到找到答案。做题时注意细节题的对应性、准
17、确性和区案。做题时注意细节题的对应性、准确性和区分性，切忌断章取义，过早下结论。分性，切忌断章取义，过早下结论。 (5)细节理解题所涉及的面很广，有的需要经过细节理解题所涉及的面很广，有的需要经过简单的数字运算确定时间、距离、词数、数量简单的数字运算确定时间、距离、词数、数量等；有的涉及正误判断；有的询问事实、原因、等；有的涉及正误判断；有的询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。结果、目的等。考点二推理判断考点二推理判断题题(2011年高考福建卷年高考福建卷D)Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in
18、 the world，yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life，she revealed (展展现现)herself as she did nowhere else.经典品味经典品味经典品味经典品味After the death of her second husband，Greek shipping magnate (巨头巨头) Aristotle Onassis，Jacquelines close friend and former White House social secret
19、ary Letitia Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career (职业职业) in publishing.After consideration，Jacqueline accepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life.She became not less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her life，Jacqueline
20、worked as a publishers editor，first at Viking，then at Doubleday，pursuing (追求追求) a latelife career longer than her two marriages combined.During her time in publishing，she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.Among the first books were In the Russian Styl
21、e and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversations into a book，The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international bestseller.She dealt，too，with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autob
22、iography (自传自传)，Moonwalk.Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but she soon proved her worth.Her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication，she
23、 built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.Her role as First Lady，in the end，was overshadowed by her performance as an editor.However，few knew that she had achieved so much.【解题导语解题导语】本文主要讲述本
24、文主要讲述Jacqueline在选择在选择了编辑这一职业后所做出的成就。在这一行业了编辑这一职业后所做出的成就。在这一行业里她的光芒甚至压过了她作为第一夫人的头衔。里她的光芒甚至压过了她作为第一夫人的头衔。68We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline _.Abecame fond of reading after working as an editorBwas in charge of publishing 100 booksCpromoted her books through social relationsDgained a lot f
25、rom her career as an editor解析：解析：选选D。推理判断。推理判断题题。由文章内容可知，在。由文章内容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后，朋友推荐第二任丈夫去世后，朋友推荐Jacqueline考考虑虑在在出版出版业谋业谋一一职职位，之后她在此行位，之后她在此行业业取得了成功，取得了成功，故故D项项正确。正确。69The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _.AJacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First LadyBJacquel
26、ines life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editorCJacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First LadyDJacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor解析：解析：选选C。句意理解。句意理解题题。解本。解本题题的关的关键键在于正在于正确理解确理解overshadow一一词词。通。通读读全文可知，全文可知，Jacqueline作作为编辑为编辑取得了巨大成功，光芒超取得了巨
27、大成功，光芒超过过了她第一夫人的了她第一夫人的头衔头衔，故，故C项项正确。正确。70What can be inferred from the passage?AJacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years.BJacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually.CJacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited.DJacquelines achievements were widely know
28、n.解析：解析：选选C。推理判断。推理判断题题。由文章最后一段第三。由文章最后一段第三句句In the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.可知她的一些个人可知她的一些个人观观点在自己点在自己编辑编辑的的书书中中有所表露，故有所表露，故C项项正确。正确。71The passage is mainly _.Aan introduction of Ja
29、cquelines life both as First Lady and as an editorBa brief description of Jacquelines lifelong experiencesCa brief account of Jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 yearsDan analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishing 解析：解析：选选C。主旨大意。主旨大意题题。通。通读读全文可知，本文全文可知，本文主要主要讲讲述述Jacqueline在她生命
30、中最后的在她生命中最后的20年里，年里，作作为为一名一名编辑编辑所取得的成就，故所取得的成就，故C项项正确。正确。 推理判断推理判断题题，是，是阅读阅读理解中理解中难难度度较较大的一大的一类题类题型。旨在考型。旨在考查查考生根据已知信息考生根据已知信息进进行判断、推行判断、推理以得出合理理以得出合理结论结论的能力。与其他的能力。与其他题题型相比，型相比，这类题这类题的答案通常不能从原文中直接找到，而的答案通常不能从原文中直接找到，而要要经过经过分析、推理、判断才能分析、推理、判断才能获获得。得。这类题这类题型型要求考生能要求考生能够够通通过过表面的文字叙述表面的文字叙述“读读出出”隐隐藏在字里
31、行藏在字里行间间的深的深层层含含义义。要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩1推理判断题的设题形式：推理判断题的设题形式：(1)It can be inferred from the passage that.(2)We may infer that.(3)The story implies that.(4)From the passage we can conclude that.(5)It can be concluded that.(6)Which point of view may the author agree to?2推断题包括数据推断题、知识推断题、逻辑推断题包括数据推断题、知识推断
32、题、逻辑结论推断题和作者态度、倾向的推断题。结论推断题和作者态度、倾向的推断题。数据推断题关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，数据推断题关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。逻辑结论推断题严算，从而得出正确的结论。逻辑结论推断题严格根据文章中所阐述的事实、论点、例证等一格根据文章中所阐述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，不能根据自己的经验、态度、观点
33、或爱结论，不能根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。好去理解文章的内涵。3解题技巧：解题技巧：(1)判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。己的观点代替作者的本意。(2)全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。出片面结论。(3)善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。合。(4)不可直接选取文中的原句。不可直接选取文中的原句。考点三考点三词义词义猜猜测题测题经典品味经典品味经典品味经典品味(2011年高考江西卷年高考江西卷C)The ga
34、rden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (18501928)After immigrating from England to the USA，and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer，he moved to Chicago，where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871.In those days，it was nicknamed “the Ga
35、rden City”，almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns.Returning to London，Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s，drawing on ideas that were popular at the time，but creating a unique combination of designs.The nineteenthcentury poor city was in many w
36、ays a terrible place，dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities.At the same time，the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature，it suffered from agricultural depression (萧条萧条)and it offered neither enough work and wages，nor
37、much social life.Howards idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement，the garden city.Howards idea was that a group of people should set up a company，borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside，far enough from existing cities to make sure t
38、hat the land was bought at the bottom price.Garden cities would provide a central public open space，radial avenues and connecting industries.They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt，also owned by the company，containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions.As mor
39、e and more people moved in，the garden city would reach its planned limitHoward suggested 32,000 people；then，another would be started a short distance away.Thus，over time，there would develop a vast planned house collection，extending almost without limit; within it，each garden city would offer a wide
40、range of jobs and services，but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system，thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.【解题导语解题导语】本文叙述了本文叙述了the Garden City的创的创建。详细介绍了其名称的由来、创建过程中遇建。详细介绍了其名称的由来、创建过程中遇到的问题及其发展前景。到的问题及其发展前景。66How did Howard get the
41、 name for his building plan of garden cities?AThrough his observation of the country life.BThrough the combination of different ideas.CBy taking other peoples advice.DBy using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.解析：解析：选选D。细节细节理解理解题题。由第一段中的。由第一段中的In those days，it was nicknamed“the Garden City”，
42、almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns.可知可知D项项正确。正确。67The underlined phrase “drawing on” in Paragraph 1 probably means _.Amaking use ofBmaking comments onCgiving an explanation ofDgiving a description of解析：选解析：选A。词义猜测题。由第一段中的。词义猜测题。由第一段中的.Howard developed hi
43、s design in the 1880s and 1890s，drawing on ideas that were popular at the time.可知可知“Howard利用当时比较流行的理利用当时比较流行的理念完善发展了自己的设计念完善发展了自己的设计”，因此，因此，drawing on意为意为“利用利用”，与，与making use of 意义意义相同。相同。making comments on对对作出评价；作出评价；giving an explanation of对对作出解释；作出解释；giving a description of对对进行描述。进行描述。68According
44、 to Howard，garden cities should be built _.Aas far as possible from existing citiesBin the countryside where the land was cheapCin the countryside where agriculture was developedDnear cities where employment opportunities already existed解析：解析：选选B。细节细节理解理解题题。由第二段中的。由第二段中的Howards idea.far enough from
45、existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.可知可知B项项正确。正确。69What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?ATheir number would continue to rise.BEach one would continue to become larger.CPeople would live and work in the same place.DEach one would contain
46、a certain type of business.解析：解析：选选A。推理判断。推理判断题题。由最后一段我。由最后一段我们们可以可以了解到花园城市的数量会越来越多，并通了解到花园城市的数量会越来越多，并通过过便便捷的交通运捷的交通运输输系系统统相互相互连连接。由此可以推断出接。由此可以推断出A项项正确。正确。70What could be the best title for the passage?ACity and CountrysideBThe Invention of the Garden CityCA New City in ChicagoDA Famous Garden Cit
47、y in England解析：解析：选选B。主旨大意。主旨大意题题。全文主要。全文主要讲讲述了述了the garden city的的发发明。明。词义猜测题旨在考查学生正确理解单词、短语词义猜测题旨在考查学生正确理解单词、短语或句子的能力。这要求考生运用所学语法知识或句子的能力。这要求考生运用所学语法知识并根据上下文对单词、短语或句子进行分析，并根据上下文对单词、短语或句子进行分析，推测出它们在文章中的特定含义。大体上可以推测出它们在文章中的特定含义。大体上可以分为三类：词义辨析题；词义转述题；词义指分为三类：词义辨析题；词义转述题；词义指代题。代题。要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩1词义猜测题
48、的题干形式：词义猜测题的题干形式：(1)The phrase “.”could be replaced by_.(2)The word “.” in the paragraph refers to_.(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean?(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “.”？(5)Which of the following words
49、 can take the place of the word “.”？2解解题题技巧：技巧：词词义义猜猜测测题题主主要要考考查查考考生生根根据据上上下下文文推推测测词词义义和和语语义义的的能能力力，突突出出考考查查对对语语境境的的分分析析和和把把握握能力。常能力。常见见的猜的猜词词法有：法有： (1)利利用用上上下下文文语语境境。猜猜测测任任何何词词义义都都离离不不开开上上下下文文，所所以以要要借借助助上上下下文文对对需需要要猜猜测测的的词词或或短短语进语进行合乎行合乎逻辑逻辑的推的推测测。(2)利用定利用定义义或解或解释释性的性的线线索。索。阅读阅读文章中的有文章中的有些生些生词词往往在其
50、后会有往往在其后会有对该词进对该词进行解行解释说释说明的明的短短语语或句子，利用它或句子，利用它们们猜猜词义较词义较容易。容易。(3)利利用用文文章章的的逻逻辑辑关关系系答答题题。如如并并列列、对对比比、因因果果、转转折折关关系系等等。这这些些逻逻辑辑关关系系往往往往通通过过一一些些相相应应的的词词或或短短语语表表达达出出来来，如如but，or，however，so，because等。等。(4)利用构利用构词词法知法知识识答答题题。熟。熟记记一些前一些前缀缀、后、后缀缀所表达的意思，不所表达的意思，不仅仅可以可以扩扩大大词汇词汇量，而且帮量，而且帮助我助我们们猜猜测词义测词义。考点四主旨大意考
51、点四主旨大意题题经典品味经典品味经典品味经典品味(2011年高考年高考课标课标全国卷全国卷C)Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husbands income.So this year she did something more than a hobby：She planted vegetables in her yard.For her first garden，Ms.Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants，and five rows of a variety of vegetables.The f
52、amilys old farm house has become a chicken house，its residents arriving next month.Last year，Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden.This year she has made it much larger because，she said，“The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds，too；so its a winwin situation all around.”
53、They are among the growing number of Americans who，driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (经济经济)，have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.Others have increased the size of their existing gardens.Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such
54、 an increase in interest in growing food at home.Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months.In Austin，Tex.，some of the gardens have a threeyear waiting list.George CBall Jr.，owner of a company，said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year，double
55、 the average growth of the last five years.Mr.Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years.The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk，together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables.Food prices have increased because o
56、f higher oil prices.People are now driving less，taking fewer vacations，so there is more time to garden.【解题导语解题导语】美国经济的下滑给人们的日常美国经济的下滑给人们的日常生活带来了很大影响，特别是蔬菜、水果以及生活带来了很大影响，特别是蔬菜、水果以及燃油价格飙升，由此人们抢购菜园，种植谷蔬，燃油价格飙升，由此人们抢购菜园，种植谷蔬，节约开支，争取双赢。并且蔬菜种植在美国变节约开支，争取双赢。并且蔬菜种植在美国变得越来越受欢迎。得越来越受欢迎。64 What does the word “
57、residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?AChickens. BTomatoes.CGardens. DPeople.解析：解析：选选A。词义词义猜猜测题测题。由第一段中的。由第一段中的The familys old farm house has become a chicken house，its residents arriving next month.可知：可知：家里的旧家里的旧农农舍已被改成舍已被改成鸡鸡舍，它的舍，它的“居民居民”下下个月就搬来。不个月就搬来。不难难推出推出residents就是指就是指chickens。其他三。其他三
58、项项“西西红红柿柿”，“花园花园”，“人人们们”均不符合均不符合题题意。意。65Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?AMore Americans are doing it for fun.BThe price of oil is lower than before.CTheres a growing need for fruits.DThe cost of living is on the rise.解析：解析：选选D。推理判断。推理判断题题。通。通读读全文不全文不难难推知：推知：由于各种由于各种费费用的提高，人用
59、的提高，人们们才争才争购购菜园来种植菜园来种植谷蔬，以谷蔬，以节节省开支，故种菜才普及起来。省开支，故种菜才普及起来。66Which of the following might be the best title for the text?AFamily Food Planning BBanking on GardeningCA Belttightening Move DGardening as a Hobby解析：解析：选选B。主旨大意。主旨大意题题。文章主要。文章主要讲讲述了美国述了美国人人为应对经济为应对经济滑坡引起的生活滑坡引起的生活费费用的提高而用用的提高而用自己种菜的方式来渡自己
60、种菜的方式来渡过难过难关一事，故关一事，故B项项最合适。最合适。bank on意意为为“依靠，指望依靠，指望”。C项项“勒勒紧裤紧裤腰腰带带行行动动”与文章大意相差甚与文章大意相差甚远远。主旨大意主旨大意题题旨在考旨在考查查考生通考生通过阅读归纳过阅读归纳文章中文章中心意思的能力。可分心意思的能力。可分为为主主题题型、目的型和型、目的型和标题标题型，即找中心型，即找中心(Main Idea)、推断作者的写作意、推断作者的写作意图图(Purpose)、选择选择最佳的最佳的标题标题(Title)。要做好。要做好这这类题类题目，考生必目，考生必须须学会区分主要信息和次要信学会区分主要信息和次要信息；
61、既要看到息；既要看到树树木，又要看到森林；既要弄清木，又要看到森林；既要弄清一一词词一句，又要通一句，又要通读读全文，通篇理解。全文，通篇理解。要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩1主旨大意题常见的命题方式有：主旨大意题常见的命题方式有：(1)What is the passage mainly about?(2)What is the main idea of the text?(3)What can be the best title for the text/passage?(4)Which of the following would be the best title for the p
62、assage?2常用的掌握大意的方法有：常用的掌握大意的方法有：(1)抓主题句归纳大意。说明文、议论文、新闻抓主题句归纳大意。说明文、议论文、新闻报道、科技文献等文章的主题大意通常出现在报道、科技文献等文章的主题大意通常出现在文章第一段，抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的文章第一段，抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的中心。有时主题句也会出现在文章的中间或结中心。有时主题句也会出现在文章的中间或结尾。因此仔细阅读这类文章的首尾句是关键。尾。因此仔细阅读这类文章的首尾句是关键。(2)归纳分析抓大意。有些文章如记叙文、夹叙归纳分析抓大意。有些文章如记叙文、夹叙夹议文通常是先摆出事实，然后或记叙或论证，夹议文通常
63、是先摆出事实，然后或记叙或论证，最后得出结论，即文章的主题。最后得出结论，即文章的主题。(3)抓住高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕一个主抓住高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕一个主题展开的，因此文章中会反复出现一个中心词，题展开的，因此文章中会反复出现一个中心词，即高频词，抓住了它，也就抓住了文章的中心。即高频词，抓住了它，也就抓住了文章的中心。考点五考点五观观点点态态度度题题(2011年高考天津卷年高考天津卷B)In the fall of 1985，I was a brighteyed girl heading off to Howard University，aiming at a legal c
64、areer and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere.Twentyone years later I am still a brighteyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.经典品味经典品味经典品味经典品味My grandma，an amazing woman，graduated from college at the age of 65.She was the first in our family to reach that goal.Bu
65、t one year after I started college，she developed cancer.I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her.It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.Then I got married with another dream：building my family with a combination of adopted and biological children.In 1999，we a
66、dopted our first son.To lay eyes on him was fantasticand very emotional.A year later came our second adopted boy.Then followed son No.3.In 2003，I gave birth to another boy.You can imagine how fully occupied I became，raising four boys under the age of 8！Our home was a complete zooa joyous zoo.Not sur
67、prising，I never did make it back to college fulltime.But I never gave up on the dream either.I had only one choice：to find a way.That meant talking as few as one class each semester.The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys.They often wanted me to stay home with t
68、hem.There certainly were times I wanted to quit，but I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.In 2007，I graduated from the University of North Carolina.It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!I am not special，just singleminded.It always struck me tha
69、t when youre looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge，but when youre in the midst of it，it just seems normal.Everything you want wont arrive in your life on one day.Its a process.Remember：little steps add up to big dreams.【解题导语解题导语】故事讲述了作者为了照顾生病故事讲述了作者为了照顾生病的奶奶而放弃了向往的学业。但她的梦想并未的奶奶而放
70、弃了向往的学业。但她的梦想并未被现实磨灭。辛苦抚养四个孩子的同时，作者被现实磨灭。辛苦抚养四个孩子的同时，作者历尽艰难，历尽艰难，21年后终于实现了最初的梦想。年后终于实现了最初的梦想。41When the author went to Howard University，her dream was to be _.Aa writerBa teacherCa judge Da doctor解析：解析：选选C。细节细节理解理解题题。由第一段中的。由第一段中的.aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court b
71、ench somewhere.可推断出可推断出作者当作者当时时志在从事与法律相关的志在从事与法律相关的职业职业，并希望，并希望在最高法院有一席之地。在最高法院有一席之地。judge指指“法官法官”。42Why did the author quit school in her second year of college?AShe wanted to study by herself.BShe fell in love and got married.CShe suffered from a serious illness.DShe decided to look after her gran
72、dma.解析：解析：选选D。细节细节理解理解题题。根据第二段中。根据第二段中But one year.I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her.可知作者放弃学可知作者放弃学业业是是为为了了照照顾顾她的奶奶。她的奶奶。43. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?AShe was busy yet happy with her family life.BShe ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.C
73、She wanted to remain a fulltime housewife.DShe was too confused to make a correct choice.解析：解析：选选A。推理判断。推理判断题题。从第四段作者的描述。从第四段作者的描述You can imagine how fully occupied I became.Our home was a complete zooa joyous zoo.以及第五段的描述可感受到作者以及第五段的描述可感受到作者虽虽然然繁忙但快繁忙但快乐乐的情感。的情感。44What does the author mostly want t
74、o tell us in the last paragraph?AFailure is the mother of success.BLittle by little，one goes far.CEvery coin has two sides.DWell begun，half done.解析：解析：选选B。观观点点态态度度题题。本段最后一句。本段最后一句话话Remember：little steps add up to big dreams.体体现现了作者了作者对对于于实现实现梦想的看法。梦想的看法。这这句句话话与与选项选项B含含义义一致，都是告一致，都是告诉诉我我们们：不：不积积跬步，无以
75、至跬步，无以至千里。千里。45Which of the following can best describe the author?ACaring and determined.BHonest and responsible.CAmbitious and sensitive.DInnocent and singleminded.解析：解析：选选A。推理判断。推理判断题题。从作者。从作者为为了照了照顾顾奶奶奶奶而放弃学而放弃学业业可以看出她关心他人；而从她花了可以看出她关心他人；而从她花了21年的年的时间时间完成了她未曾完成的学完成了她未曾完成的学业业可以看出可以看出她是个相当有决心的人。她是
76、个相当有决心的人。观点态度题旨在考查考生对作者在文章中所表观点态度题旨在考查考生对作者在文章中所表达的主要观点以及作者所持态度的把握，属于达的主要观点以及作者所持态度的把握，属于深层阅读理解题。此类题可细分为作者态度题深层阅读理解题。此类题可细分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题和作者观点题(表明作者对某表明作者对某事物的观点事物的观点)。要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩要点浓缩1常见的设题形式如下：常见的设题形式如下：(1)The authors view is_.(2)The author thinks that_.(3)What is the tone of the pas
77、sage?(4)Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards.?(5)How does the author feel about.?(6)Whats the authors attitude towards.?2解题技巧：解题技巧：(1)由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。(2)熟知常见表达态度的词语，如熟知常见表达态度的词语，如opposite 反对，反对，suspicion怀疑，怀疑，approval 支持，支持，optimistic 乐观乐观的，的，pessimistic 悲观的，悲观的，subjective 主观的，主观的，objective 客观的，客观的，supportive 支持的，支持的，sensitive 敏感的等。敏感的等。
