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1、完形填空是对学生语言综合运用完形填空是对学生语言综合运用能力的考查它既考查学生的能力的考查它既考查学生的完形填空时注意四步完形填空时注意四步( (骤骤) ) 第二步第二步 速读全文，掌握大意速读全文，掌握大意。 速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、 生词或不明白的地方， 仍要快速读下去。 读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节 的词以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上， 边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。第一步:仔细审题，明确大意.重视首句，把握开篇。 完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白， 做完型填空的时候在没看选项之前首先要通读
2、全文做完型填空的时候在没看选项之前首先要通读全文 细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨 (main idea) (main idea)。二二. Pay particular attention to the first . Pay particular attention to the first sentence of the passage while reading the sentence of the passage while reading the passage.passage.Usually, the first sente
3、nce is the topic sentence of the whole passage, which contains much important information like “ when, where, why, who, what, etc.” The birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are providing great encouragement for parents to
4、 create more babies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 65 cash encouragement, some women just dont want to be 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having children,” says Soren Kindlund, family policy adviser a
5、t the Swedish ministry. 68 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish, men use a mere 12% of it; 60% of fathers do not take even a (n) 69 day off work. When:Where:What:Why:How:since the 1960s; in the 21th centurysince the 1960s; in the 21th century in Europein Europethe birthrate decreas
6、esthe birthrate decreasesproviding great encouragement for providing great encouragement for creating more babiescreating more babiescrisis is at handcrisis is at handTopic sentence:Topic sentence:The birthrate has decreased and European The birthrate has decreased and European countries are providi
7、ng encouragement to create countries are providing encouragement to create more babies.more babies.三三. It requires association (. It requires association (联想联想) while ) while rereading the passage. rereading the passage. Youd better fancy( (设想设想) ) what content should be in the blank ,according to t
8、he context( (上下文）上下文）, the logic and the situation. Then check or adjust( (调调整整) ) the answer according to the options( (选项选项). ).根据上下文的逻辑关系，做完型填空题需要联根据上下文的逻辑关系，做完型填空题需要联想，随时设想所遇到空白中应该出现的内容，想，随时设想所遇到空白中应该出现的内容，而后再以该题选项来验证自己的推测，作出调而后再以该题选项来验证自己的推测，作出调整或修正。在解题过程中，要做到整或修正。在解题过程中，要做到瞻前顾后瞻前顾后、左右平衡、贯通全篇。左
9、右平衡、贯通全篇。For example（NMET95）:Washoe 56 like a human, too . The scientists keep her in a fully furnished （家具齐全的）（家具齐全的） house. 56. A. live B. acts C. thinks D. plays 下文谈到的是下文谈到的是Washoe的生活环境和生活习惯，的生活环境和生活习惯， 所以该句的意思应该是所以该句的意思应该是“Washoe生活得也象人类生活得也象人类”. 四四. Reread the whole passage and check the answers
10、. Reread the whole passage and check the answers.Some methods in common use完型填空的一些通用性的解题方法完型填空的一些通用性的解题方法 一一.non-nexus elimination methods (无关词排除法）无关词排除法）:The cloze test usually has a very clear and definite focus (中心主线中心主线)，the right option (选选项项) is certain to be close to the theme(主题主题). So those
11、 non-nexus options could be eliminated（排（排除）除） easily.For example:Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, in spite of65 cash encouragement(奖励奖励), some women just dont want to be left 66 holding the baby. “What we know is that its good for the 67 if men and women share the burden of having childre
12、n.” 67. A. birthrateB. income C. healthD. spiritA. birthrate出生率出生率 B. income收入收入 C. health健康健康D. spirit精神，灵魂精神，灵魂 二二. Word-presenting simultaneity (同现法）：同现法）：Word-presenting simultaneity is a means of linking up. The writer always uses some keys words/phrases which are of the same orientation(具具有有相同
13、倾向性相同倾向性的词语的词语) to connect the whole passage. of the same orientationExample:“Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serv
14、e some restorative（有（有助于复元的）助于复元的）function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .“43. A. subtle（狡猾的，敏感的）（狡猾的，敏感的） B. obvious C. mysterious D. doubtfulNeitherwell-understood He was a small man, 43 , and dressed in a clean but old44 suit of clothes. I was happy with his work, but
15、 not happy with the 51 way he worked. He was too quiet.But he worked well: like a 55machine, never looking or speaking.43. A. silentB. quiet C. excitedD. nervous Tautology, namely, repetition, is that some key words or expressions of the same meaning appear in different places to run-through the who
16、le passage. Tautology is another linking way. For example:For example:三三. tautology method(复现法）复现法）: quiet55machine neverspeaking.四四. Relevancy method(关联法）：关联法）：Sometimes, two or more words or expressions of the same sort appear as parallel structure (并列结构）并列结构）at the same time. Generally, one of th
17、e parallel is set known, but the other one is unknown. Example:He worked through the day by 48 and into the 49 by candlelight. I was 50 with his work, but not happy with the 51 he worked. Had he been happy and 53 , I would have liked him much better.48. A. night B. sunlight C. lightD. day49. A. even
18、ingB. daylightC. nightD. dawn50. A. happyB. carefulC. patient D. satisfy51. A. mannerB. meansC. wayD. method53. A. quietB. humorousC. cheerful D. talkativehappy withhappyand 53was happy with五五. Time clue(时间线索）时间线索）：Example 2:That the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the
19、invention of the integrated circuit(集成电路集成电路) during the 1960s, radically changed the process”30. A. broughtB. followed C. excitedD. characterizedthe introduction of the computer时间：时间：early 20th centurythe invention of the integrated circuit时间：时间：1960s (20世纪中后期）世纪中后期）早出现早出现晚出现晚出现followed byWhile doi
20、ng cloze test, from which angles While doing cloze test, from which angles do we choose the answer among the do we choose the answer among the options?options?Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all, it was his first time to was his first time to 47 47 a
21、 part in a a part in a playplay（NMET91NMET91） 47.A.made 47.A.made B. join B. join C. have C. have D. giveD. give1. From the angle of the habitual use or collocation 从惯用法、搭配角度考虑。从惯用法、搭配角度考虑。have a parthave a partTaking off his clothes, he jumped into the river. Taking off his clothes, he jumped into
22、the river. The The 52 52 water made him tremble all water made him tremble all over.(NMET91)over.(NMET91)52.A.deep 52.A.deep B. cool B. cool C. dirty C. dirty D. coldD. cold 2.From the angle of logical reasoning and common knowledge从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑。3.From the angle of context 从上下文的角度考虑从上下文
23、的角度考虑.trembletrembleAffairs Ministry concluded last year that,Affairs Ministry concluded last year that, 1 1 cash cash encouragement(encouragement(奖励奖励), some women just dont want ), some women just dont want to be left holding the baby.to be left holding the baby.1. A. In spite of 1. A. In spite of
24、 B. at the cost of B. at the cost of C. in addition to C. in addition to D. due toD. due todont wantdont wantShe noticed how nervous he was and suggested. he She noticed how nervous he was and suggested. he should stand near the stage where he could watch and should stand near the stage where he cou
25、ld watch and follow the play. It was a good follow the play. It was a good 58 58 of getting rid of his of getting rid of his nervousness. She said ,she was right ,it seemed tonervousness. She said ,she was right ,it seemed to59 59 . .(NMET91)(NMET91)58.A.idea 58.A.idea B. way B. way C. path C. path
26、D. planD. plan59.A.do 59.A.do B. win B. win C. work C. work D. actD. act4.From the meaning and the usage of the word从词汇的意义及用法去考虑。从词汇的意义及用法去考虑。Summing up(Summing up(小结小结) )1. 1.Skipping to get the general idea.Skipping to get the general idea.2.2.Finding out the top sentence to get some Finding out t
27、he top sentence to get some key information, such as “when, where, key information, such as “when, where, why, what, who, etc.”why, what, who, etc.”3.3.Rereading and choosing the answers for Rereading and choosing the answers for each blank, while using association.each blank, while using associatio
28、n.4.4.Third-reading and checking the answers.Third-reading and checking the answers.一一. non-nexus elimination methods (. non-nexus elimination methods (无关词排除法）无关词排除法）二二. Word-presenting simultaneity (Word-presenting simultaneity (同现法）同现法）三三. tautology method(. tautology method(复现法）复现法）四四. Relevancy
29、method(. Relevancy method(关联法）关联法）五五. Time clue(. Time clue(时间线索）时间线索）Methods in common useMethods in common useChoose the answers from the following angles:Choose the answers from the following angles:1.From the habitual use or collocation 1.From the habitual use or collocation 2.From logical reasoning and common knowledge 2.From logical reasoning and common knowledge 3.From context 3.From context 4.From the meaning and the usage of the word4.From the meaning and the usage of the word
