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1、中考英语冲刺精讲中考英语冲刺精讲-专题篇专题篇2013-03-12非谓语动词复习非谓语动词复习中考考查重点中考考查重点l一。其考查重点为：一。其考查重点为：lit作形式主语、宾语的用法作形式主语、宾语的用法l感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作形式作宾语补足语的用法；宾语补足语的用法；l动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用l一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带，但变为被动语态时就要带to；l有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词有些动词既可接不定式
2、也可接动词ing形式作形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。宾语，但表达的意思不同。 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词它不受人称和数的限制它不受人称和数的限制 动词的基本用法是做放在主语之后做谓语。动词的基本用法是做放在主语之后做谓语。 egeg. I . I workwork in a factory. in a factory. 当句中已有谓语动词时，如在需在别的位置上要用动词就只能用非谓语动词，当句中已有谓语动词时，如在需在别的位置上要用动词就只能用非谓语动词，非谓语动词重要包括：非谓语动词重要包括：动词不定式动词不
3、定式（to do)to do)、动名词动名词、分词分词（现在分词、过去分（现在分词、过去分词）词） Eg. 1) I decide to work in a factory. 2) I enjoy working in a factory.3) He is the man working in a factory. 4) Please hand in your written exercises.非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词的概念一、动词不定式一、动词不定式1、动词不定式做主语、动词不定式做主语动词不定式作主语时动词不定式作主语时,常用常用it做形式主语做形式主语,而将而将真正的主语放在句末真正
4、的主语放在句末.其结构是其结构是 Its +adj.+of/ for sb + to do. Eg .To learn English well is usefulIt is useful for us to learn English well.注意：此时用注意：此时用of还是用还是用for 关键是看形容词形容的关键是看形容词形容的是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用for,反之如形反之如形容人的性格特征的用容人的性格特征的用of 1）Its very kind _you to help me.2）Its necessary _us to master a for
5、eign language.3)Its nice _you to invite us.4)Its interesting _ us to play football.offoroffor 2、不定式做宾语、不定式做宾语1）一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语。如）一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语。如:want, decide, hope, agree, wish, need ,promise, would like, plan等等。 只能接不定式作宾语的动词只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：口诀： 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做
6、的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用来做被用来做 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某
7、事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事eg. We hope_(see) the film. Would you like _(go) with us?to seeto go2)在在find, think后用后用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。语放在句末。Eg. I find _necessary _ (master) a foreign language.to seeitto master3）常见的一些用不带）常见的一些用不带t
8、o的动词不定式做宾语，这的动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有：类动词有：Why not do-,had better(not) do, would rather do- than do, could/would you please doEg. I would rather _(stay) at home than _(go) out.staygo3.不定式做宾补不定式做宾补1)不定式做宾补时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关不定式做宾补时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，常见的动词有系，常见的动词有tell, ask,want, allow, get, invite, encourage等。否定形式在等。
9、否定形式在to do前加前加not1)My mother often encourages me _(study) hard.2)We dont allow people _(smoke) here.3) The students are often told_(not give) up.4) He asked me _(not drive) here.to studyto smokenot to givenot to drive 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：口诀： 请求与命令请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫
10、允许提醒和帮助请求与命令 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫允许提醒和帮
11、助 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 省略省略to的情况的情况:l使役动词和感官动词使役动词和感官动词+宾语宾语+宾补后：一感二听三让四看宾补后：一感二听三让四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see,
12、 watch, notice 通式：通式： see sb. do sthlhad better （not）do sth. 最好最好(不不)做做lwhy not /why dont you do sth为什么不做为什么不做?l help sb.（to）do sthl Would rather do sth宁愿做宁愿做l would you please do sth情态动词情态动词+do助动词助动词will/shall+do2)使让动词和感官动词用省略使让动词和感官动词用省略to 的不定式做宾补的不定式做宾补Eg.1.The boss made the workers _(work) for a
13、nother 2 hours. 2. I saw lucy _(go) out just now.workgo4、不定式做定语，放在被修饰词后，一般并与、不定式做定语，放在被修饰词后，一般并与被修饰词间有动宾关系被修饰词间有动宾关系Eg. Would you like something _(eat)?There is nothing _(worry) about.Have you got anything else _(say)He is often the first one_(get) here.to eatto worryto sayto get注意：此时变为被动语态必须将to 加上.
14、如： Lucy was seen to go out just now.注意注意:动词不定式的否定形式为：动词不定式的否定形式为： not + to doMr.Smith asked the boy _(not play) this kind of game. not to playPlease have him _(not do) so much housework. not do5.不定式放在疑问词不定式放在疑问词what, where, which how之后，之后，此时相当于一个宾语从句此时相当于一个宾语从句Eg. I dont know what _(do) tomorrow.=I
15、dont know _ tomorrow.He didnt know where_(go) for the holiday.He didnt know where_ for the holiday.I wonder how_(处理）it next.I wonder how _it next.I should deal withto doWhat I should doto deal withhe would goto go二、动名词二、动名词1.动名词（短语）做主语，此时谓语动词用单数动名词（短语）做主语，此时谓语动词用单数Eg. _ (collect) stamps _(be) my fav
16、orite.Collectingis2.动名词做动词或介词的宾语。此类动词有 keep, enjoy, preferto , mind, cant help, finish, feel like, practise ,Would you mind _(smoke) here?Knives are used for _(cut) things.smokingcutting喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth. 花费花费做某事做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做忙
17、于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象想象做某事做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事练习做某事 miss doing sth. 错过做某事错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doin
18、g sth. 值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑只能接只能接-ing作宾语的动词作宾语的动词口诀：口诀： 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑 （押韵）（押韵） 介词+doing 常考介词常考介词: at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等等等 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事擅长做某事 be interested in doing
19、 sth.对做某事感兴趣对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事坚持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事害怕做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事推迟做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事放弃做某事without doing st
20、h. 没有做某事没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样做某事怎么样?此to 非彼to look forward to (doing) sth.（盼望）（盼望） pay attention to (doing) sth.（注意）（注意） be used to (doing) sth. （习惯于）（习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜欢）更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于） make a contribution to doing (做贡
21、献）做贡献）对比：对比：prefer to do sth (rather than do sth)1.做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。作定语放在被修饰词的后面。三、分词三、分词。 分词分为现在分词（动词分词分为现在分词（动词+ing)和过去分词两和过去分词两种，现在分词表示主动或进行，过去分词表被动或种，现在分词表示主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成。完成。1）The _(sleep) boy is my son.2) His _(speak) English is very good.3) Do you
22、know the man _(stand) under the tree.4) The woman swept the leaves _(fall ) on the ground.fallenstandingspokensleeping2.现在分词作状语，表伴随现在分词作状语，表伴随Eg. The students went out of the class, _ (talk) and _(laugh)talkinglaughing3.分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补与宾语之间分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），过去分词作宾补与有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动），过去
23、分词作宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）。宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）。Eg. Dont keep us _(wait) for so long.She speaks loudly to make herself_(hear).I heard her _(sing) in the next room when I passed by.We have to make our hair _(cut)waitingheardsingingcut四、注意区分：四、注意区分：1、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语：无差别：无差别 begin , start Let
24、s begin _(have) an English class.to have /having：有一定差别：有一定差别 like , love, hateDoing表示爱好，表示爱好，to do 表示具体动作。如：表示具体动作。如：I like _(swim) a lot ,but this evening I love _(go) skating.swimmingto go C：差别很大：差别很大动词动词 to do sth.（未做）（未做）+doing sth.（已做）（已做）remember记得要做某事记得要做某事记得曾做某事记得曾做某事forget忘记做某事忘记做某事忘记做了某事忘记
25、做了某事stop停下来去做另一事停下来去做另一事停止正做的事停止正做的事try尽力去做某事尽力去做某事尝试做某事尝试做某事She tried the door by his key.她试着用她的钥匙开门（看看有没有用）。她试着用她的钥匙开门（看看有没有用）。opening她设法（尽力）打电话给你。她设法（尽力）打电话给你。She tried you .to callI remember the door just now.我记得我刚才开了门。我记得我刚才开了门。openingPlease remember the door after work.to close请记住下班后关门。请记住下班后关
26、门。I forgot him the news.我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。I forgot him the news .to tell我忘记要告诉他这个消息。我忘记要告诉他这个消息。tellingTest 一、一、选择选择1. He has promised better latter. A. behaving B. behave C. to behave2. He hated her. A. trouble B. to troubling C. to trouble 3. He stopped when the teacher came in. A. to ta
27、lk B. talking C. talked4. I have finished the room. A. clean B. to read it C. cleaning5. I give you a book . A. to read B. to read it C. reading it6. There is nothing for us . A. to worry B. to worry about C. worrying aboutCCBCAB二、改错二、改错1. One day a cat hold a mouse and wanted eating it.2. I enjoy l
28、istening foreign music.3. The workers were made work day and night.4. Please let me to get out of this dirty place.( to eat )( to )( to )2.动词不定时做宾补与现在分词做宾补动词不定时做宾补与现在分词做宾补 感官动词既可以跟不带to的不定式做宾补也可以跟现在分词做宾补，用不定式做宾补表示的动作经常做或做了，跟现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行。1） I saw her _(play) basketball when I met her.2) I often saw
29、 her _(play) basketball last week.3) I heard lucy_(go) downstairs and _(go) out.playingplaygogo3.need,want require+to do 与doingMy bike needs _(repair), and I want _(repair) it.repairing to repairTo do 表示被动，与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，doing 表示主动，与主语有逻辑上的主谓关系4. ing与-ed 如：interesting 与interested；exciting与excited等的区别。
30、 如：Im very _(surprise) at the _(surprise) matter. surprisedsurprising5、注意介词、注意介词to 在短语中的应用在短语中的应用 + doingmake a contribution make a contribution toto( (为做为做为做为做-做贡献），做贡献），做贡献），做贡献），pay attention pay attention toto（注意做（注意做（注意做（注意做-），），），），look forward look forward toto( (盼望做盼望做盼望做盼望做-），），），），prefer-t
31、o-(prefer-to-(喜欢喜欢喜欢喜欢-而不喜欢），而不喜欢），而不喜欢），而不喜欢），be used be used toto( (习惯于做习惯于做习惯于做习惯于做-）We should make our contributions to We should make our contributions to our society.our society./ /helping to improve our helping to improve our environment. environment. You should pay attention to You should pa
32、y attention to your pronunciationyour pronunciation./ ./ not making mistakes in the not making mistakes in the test.test.I look forward to receiving your letters.I look forward to receiving your letters.He prefers walking to driving his car He prefers walking to driving his car She is used to working in China.She is used to working in China. Thank you!
