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1、英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、英语语法的基本概念一、英语语法的基本概念 二、语法与语言的关系二、语法与语言的关系 三、语法与母语学习三、语法与母语学习 四、语法与外语教学四、语法与外语教学 五、语法教学与语言能力的培养五、语法教学与语言能力的培养 六、语法知识的检测与语言能力六、语法知识的检测与语言能力 的测试的测试Evaluation only.C
2、reated with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、英语语法的基本概念一、英语语法的基本概念Oxford Advanced Learners dictionaryOf Current English says: Grammar is the study of science of or rules for the combination of words into sentences (syntax), and the forms of words
3、(morphology)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English says: Grammar is the study or use of the rules by which words change their forms and are combined into sentences. The Random House
4、College Dictionarysays: the study of the formal features of a language, as the sounds, words, or sentencesEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.现代汉语词典：现代汉语词典：语言的结构方式，语言的结构方式，包括词的构成和变化、词组和句子包括词的构成和变化、词组和句子的组织。的组织。词海：词海：语言的结构规
5、律，包括词法语言的结构规律，包括词法和句法。语法是人类思维长期抽象和句法。语法是人类思维长期抽象化的工作成果，是思维的巨大成就化的工作成果，是思维的巨大成就的标志。的标志。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、语法与语言的关系二、语法与语言的关系1、语法是研究语言结构的规律。研究、语法是研究语言结构的规律。研究词形变化的部分叫做词法词形变化的部分叫做词法(morphology)，名词的性、数、格和动词的
6、时态、语态、名词的性、数、格和动词的时态、语态、语气等；研究句子结构的部分叫做句法语气等；研究句子结构的部分叫做句法(syntax)，如句子的成分、语序以及句子，如句子的成分、语序以及句子的种类等。的种类等。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、语法是具体语言事实的概括。语法、语法是具体语言事实的概括。语法家认为，语法最重要的性质就是概括性，家认为，语法最重要的性质就是概括性，所有的语法规则都是从大量的
7、具体语言所有的语法规则都是从大量的具体语言事实中抽象地概括而来的。事实中抽象地概括而来的。 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、语法与母语学习三、语法与母语学习 就母语而言，语法规则是在语言的就母语而言，语法规则是在语言的运用中习得而成的。即使不懂语法，运用中习得而成的。即使不懂语法，也不学语法，英美人都能说出标准也不学语法，英美人都能说出标准的英语句子来的英语句子来, 而不犯语法错误；我而不犯语法错
8、误；我们中国人也是如此。（这里说的不们中国人也是如此。（这里说的不懂语法懂语法, 指的是不会用语法术语去解指的是不会用语法术语去解释语言现象。）释语言现象。）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、习得、习得(acquisition)与学得与学得(learning) 习得是指幼儿在非教学条件下主动习得是指幼儿在非教学条件下主动地获得母语的过程。学得是人习得母地获得母语的过程。学得是人习得母语之后有意识、通
9、常是在教学环境里语之后有意识、通常是在教学环境里学得的第二外语的过程。学得的第二外语的过程。2、母语的习得不需要语法的支撑。、母语的习得不需要语法的支撑。 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1）有研究资料料表明，在美国出生的）有研究资料料表明，在美国出生的 幼儿到了五岁习得了全部的英语发幼儿到了五岁习得了全部的英语发 音，掌握了基本的语法，用于交际音，掌握了基本的语法，用于交际 的词汇量也多达的词汇量也
10、多达2200多个；还能分多个；还能分 辨常用词语的歧义并能进行得体地辨常用词语的歧义并能进行得体地 交际。到了交际。到了5-10岁，他们的语音和岁，他们的语音和 语法已无多大进展。语法已无多大进展。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.不断地观察、试探、修正，接近完整，不断地观察、试探、修正，接近完整，最终说出正确的表达。最终说出正确的表达。No want some food.I no want some
11、food.I dont want no food.I dont want any food.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Child: Nobody dont like me.Mother: No, say “Nobody likes me.” Child: Nobody dont like me.Mother: Now listen carefully, say “Nobody likes me
12、.” Child: Oh, nobody dont likes me.幼儿会按照自己的认识过程来习得幼儿会按照自己的认识过程来习得语言的正确表达，表层的纠错是不语言的正确表达，表层的纠错是不起作用的。起作用的。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2） 19世纪末，一位法国语言教师世纪末，一位法国语言教师FGuoin 到德国汉堡学德语。他以为学习德语的到德国汉堡学德语。他以为学习德语的 捷径无过于掌握语法
13、。于是，他花了捷径无过于掌握语法。于是，他花了10 天的时间，强记了大量的语法规则和不天的时间，强记了大量的语法规则和不 规则动词，然后到学校去听课，结果一规则动词，然后到学校去听课，结果一 句话也听不懂。句话也听不懂。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Practice makes perfect.Helen Keller and her teacher Ann Sullivan Helen Kelle
14、r: (18801968)The Story of My LifeAnn Sullivan: (18861936)3）海伦）海伦凯勒（凯勒（Helen Keller）的奇迹）的奇迹Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1. She was born healthy.2. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf.3. She liv
15、ed in a world of darkness and silence.4. She was like a wild animal when Ann Sullivan came.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7. She began a new life-she was able to communicate with other people by writing into her hand8
16、. She was able to finish her college education with her teacher.9. She even learnt to speak English and gave speeches to college students.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1) What were the first words you learned to say?
17、2) What were the first sentences you learned to say?3) How old were you when you wrote your first composition?4）我们学习汉语的基本过程）我们学习汉语的基本过程Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4) How many Chinese textbooks have you ever read/le
18、arned? newspapers, magazines, novels, poems5) How many Chinese films/TV plays have you ever seen?6) When did you first learn Chinese grammar?Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7) Do you often think of grammar when you spe
19、ak Chinese and write in Chinese?8) Do you often pay attention to your grammar when you communicate with other people?9) Will you be understood when you make a grammar mistake?Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.10) What do
20、 you think of grammar very important or not so important? Conclusion: English grammar is not always very important.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.四、语法与外语教学四、语法与外语教学英语作为一门外语是一种交际工具，英语作为一门外语是一种交际工具，为了交际而掌握运用英语的能力才为了交际而掌
21、握运用英语的能力才是我们英语教学的最基本的目的。是我们英语教学的最基本的目的。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、习得与学得的比较：、习得与学得的比较：习得习得:潜意识潜意识无正规讲授无正规讲授无计划无计划无教材无教材自然环境自然环境学得学得:有意识有意识有讲授有讲授有计划有计划有教材有教材无自然环境无自然环境Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for
22、 .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2）学得与否决定于学生的需要和动机。）学得与否决定于学生的需要和动机。 幼儿习得母语的主动性和积极性来自幼儿习得母语的主动性和积极性来自 说话的需要，这是一种本能的需要。说话的需要，这是一种本能的需要。 学习外语的中学生却难于具有同等的学习外语的中学生却难于具有同等的 主动性和积极性，即使有较高的学习主动性和积极性，即使有较高的学习 英语的主动性和积极性也不容易持久。英语的主动性和积极性也不容易持久。 所以在教英语课时，特别是在讲授英所以在教英语课时，特别是在
23、讲授英 语语法的时候，我们应该多种不同的语语法的时候，我们应该多种不同的 教学方法来激发、培养和保护学生学教学方法来激发、培养和保护学生学 习英语的主动性和积极性。习英语的主动性和积极性。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3）学得与否取定于是由教学决定的学得与否取定于是由教学决定的。 幼儿的母语习得是直接的认识过幼儿的母语习得是直接的认识过 程，它来自生活的语言环境。而程，它来自生活的语言环境。而 我们
24、学生的英语学得来自于英语我们学生的英语学得来自于英语 的教学过程，其中包括教材的质的教学过程，其中包括教材的质 量、教学思想、教师的教学水平、量、教学思想、教师的教学水平、 教学方式、教学手段等因素，当教学方式、教学手段等因素，当 然，语法教学也包含在内。然，语法教学也包含在内。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4）学得的质量取决于语言环境。学得的质量取决于语言环境。 幼儿习得母语有着理想的语言幼儿习得
25、母语有着理想的语言 环境，而外语的学得则是在非环境，而外语的学得则是在非 目的的语言环中进行的。目的的语言环中进行的。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、“习得习得+学得学得”是英语教学的关键所在。是英语教学的关键所在。1）有计划地学得与无计划的习得相结合。）有计划地学得与无计划的习得相结合。 2）使英语的课堂教学交际化）使英语的课堂教学交际化 3）重视感情投入，建立师生之间的平等合）重视感情投入，建
26、立师生之间的平等合 作关系，提高学生的主体意识，寓乐于作关系，提高学生的主体意识，寓乐于 学，以增强他们学习英语的目的性和主学，以增强他们学习英语的目的性和主 动性。动性。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3、在英语教学中，一些值得、在英语教学中，一些值得 我们思考的现象：我们思考的现象：把英语当作一门知识学科来讲授。把英语当作一门知识学科来讲授。 在教学研讨中回避英语语法。在教学研讨中回避英语语法。
27、学生把语法知识的学习当作学习学生把语法知识的学习当作学习 英语的最重要的环节英语的最重要的环节 交替使用汉语和英语进行英语教学交替使用汉语和英语进行英语教学 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.五、语法教学与语言能力的培养五、语法教学与语言能力的培养语法教学应与英语的实际运用相结合。语法教学应与英语的实际运用相结合。在英语语法教学中我们应该尽可能地营在英语语法教学中我们应该尽可能地营造比较真实而又生动的语
28、言环境和情景，造比较真实而又生动的语言环境和情景，让学生在语言的交际活动中来提高语言让学生在语言的交际活动中来提高语言能力，从而更好地理解和掌握语法规则。能力，从而更好地理解和掌握语法规则。孤立地给学生讲授繁杂多变的语法规则孤立地给学生讲授繁杂多变的语法规则，只能提高他们解题的能力，而不能提高只能提高他们解题的能力，而不能提高他们学习英语的兴趣和积极性，也达不他们学习英语的兴趣和积极性，也达不到提高他们语言能力的目的。到提高他们语言能力的目的。 Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.
29、0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、关于特殊疑问句、关于特殊疑问句Whats this/that?Whose pen is this?Get your students to think and say.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2、关于被动语态、关于被动语态This morning after waking up at6:30,my clothes
30、 were put on. In the washroom, my teeth were brushedand my face was washed.At 7:00, my breakfast was eaten.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.This morning after waking up at6:30, I put on my clothes. In thewashroom I brus
31、hed my teethand washed my face. At 7:00, I ate my breakfast.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3、关于虚拟语气、关于虚拟语气I wish I were a bird.I would certainly go if I had the time.Do I have time now? Can I go now?I would very much
32、to go but I dont have the time.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Hed have caught the train if hehad left home a bit earlier.Did he catch the train?Why didnt he catch the train?He missed the train because he lefthome too
33、late.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.If it had not been for Peter, we would have lost the game.Did we win the game? Why?What does this sentence mean?Peter played a very important role in the match.Peter played very wel
34、l in the match.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4、关于定语从句、关于定语从句Who is the boy that is the tallest in our class?Who is the student that has a twinsister?Who is the teacher that wears thickglasses?Evaluation only.Created
35、with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.What is a teacher?A teacher is a person that/who teaches.What is a math/physics teacher?What is a driver?A driver is a person that/who drives.What is a bus-driver/taxi?A bus-driver is a person that/whodrives a
36、bus/taxi.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.What is a school?A school is a place where students study.What is a library?A library is a building where peoplecan borrow or read books.What is a super-market?A super-market is
37、 a place/shop wherepeople can buy all kinds or things.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5、关于词语和短语、关于词语和短语 1）no+比较级比较级Tom is a very tall boy and his brotheris no shorter.Some people think Mr. Bush is a bad guy, but Sadam
38、is no better.“My English is no better than yours.”Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2）used to do sth.Lin Fen used to be a good boy.Mr. Huang used to be very thin.Did you use to get up early last year?I didnt use to get u
39、p early last year.Mrs. Jones used to be very beautiful.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3）Eating grass, I saw some cows.Do you eat grass, anyway?How can you make the sentence correct?Being a good girl, her father sent h
40、erto school.Being a good girl, she was sent to schoolby her father.She being a good girl, her father sent herto school.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.4）send .doingOne blow would send you flying.Do you know Mike Tyson?
41、He is one most powerful boxers in theUSA.What would happen if he had a matchwith Mike Tyson?Who is the strongest in your class?One blow would send you to hospital.Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.六、语法知识的检测与语言能力的测试六、语法知识
42、的检测与语言能力的测试1、关于单项填空、关于单项填空2、关于完形填空、关于完形填空3、关于口语能力与高考写作能力、关于口语能力与高考写作能力Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1、关于单项填空、关于单项填空高考中多数的单项填空题都是考察高考中多数的单项填空题都是考察学生运用英语的能力，而不是单独学生运用英语的能力，而不是单独考察学生的语法规则。考察学生的语法规则。例一：例一：-Im taking my d
43、riving test tomorrow.-_! (2002NMET)A. Cheers B. Good luckC. Come on D. CongratulationsBEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.例二：例二：John shut everybody out of the kitchen_ he could prepare his grand surprisefor the party. (20
44、02NMET)A. which B. when C. so that C. as ifWhy did John shut everybody out of the kitchen?He wanted to give people a big surprise.CEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.例三：例三：The taxi driver often reminds passengersto _ thei
45、r belongings when they leavethe car. (2002NMET)A. keep B. catch C. hold D. takeYou are leaving for work and find its raining. What will you do ?Do you think youll take some moneywith you if you go shopping?DEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004
46、-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.七、结论七、结论语法规则来自语言的运用和交流，语法语法规则来自语言的运用和交流，语法知识的获得也是来自语言的实践。我们知识的获得也是来自语言的实践。我们英语语法的教学必须与英语的运用紧密英语语法的教学必须与英语的运用紧密结合。我们应该培养更多的具有运用英结合。我们应该培养更多的具有运用英语能力的人才，而不是研究英语语法的语能力的人才，而不是研究英语语法的学者。学者。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.
