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1、1231. and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses.(SB U7)使人丧失对感染及疾病的抵抗力。leave vt. 让处于某种状态4leave+宾语+(宾补)过去分词过去分词现在分词不定式形容词介词短语 Please excuse me if I _(对你的任何问题都没有回答)Extremely angry, Mum walked away and _(留下我一人坐在那儿). I _(让门开着)when I leave in case he comes back.It should be better t
2、o _(让他自个儿做). 6【答案】(have) left any of your questions unansweredleft me sitting there all by myselfwill leave the door openleave him to do it himself72. Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.(SB U8)学习急救是保证遇到此类事情不留遗憾的最佳途径。8could
3、 have done 的用法：（1）用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，对过去的动作进行可能性推测，也可用can have done。用于肯定句中相当于may/might have done。例如：Hecan/couldhaveleftearlier.(can/couldhaveleft相当于may/mighthaveleft)他可能早离开了。9Surelyshecan/couldnothavearrivedsoearly.他不可能到这么早。Can/Couldhehaveleftalready?他可能已经离开了吗？10（2）用于肯定句中表示过去本来能够做而未做。例如：Youcouldhavecaug
4、httheearlytrain.(事实上没搭上)你本应该搭上早班车。 _(那会是舒适的旅行吗) since there were 6 people in the little car? I _(本可以更加用功些的), but as a matter of fact, I have wasted too much time. 【答案】Can that have been a comfortable journeycan have studied harder12课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 Xiaohua has learnt to live with HIV
5、 and the fact that she will one day develop AIDS. 小华已经学会了小华已经学会了带着带着HIVHIV病毒生活，病毒生活，并将会变成艾滋病。并将会变成艾滋病。 In modern times, people have to learn to _ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.(2008湖北卷湖北卷)A. keep with B. stay withC. meet with D. live with解析：选解析：选D D。句意：在现代，尽管人们过着
6、一。句意：在现代，尽管人们过着一种舒适的生活，但他们必须学会忍受各种压力种舒适的生活，但他们必须学会忍受各种压力。 13课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 Two years have passed since that day in Dr Richards office and my life has not yet ended. 自从那天在理查自从那天在理查德斯医生的办公室德斯医生的办公室后，两年过去了，后，两年过去了，我的生命并没有结我的生命并没有结束。束。 His sister left home in 1998, and _ since.(2009全国
7、卷全国卷)A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of解析：选解析：选B。句意：他妹妹于。句意：他妹妹于1998离家，打那以离家，打那以后，就杳无音信了。在后，就杳无音信了。在“课文原句课文原句”中中since用用作作 介介 词词 ； 在在 “高高 考考 对对 照照 ”中中 since用用 作作 副副 词词 。 14课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照课文原句高考对照 Many hospitals recommend that we use the l
8、etters DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think fast.许多医院推荐我们许多医院推荐我们使用使用“急救五步走急救五步走”去记住当我们遇去记住当我们遇到紧急状况时要干到紧急状况时要干什么。什么。 The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.(2009浙江卷浙江卷)A. wouldnt B. couldntC. neednt D. shouldnt解析：选解析：选D。句意：医生建议你在饱餐一顿后。句意：医生建议你在饱餐一顿后，不应该去游泳。，
9、不应该去游泳。recommend可以用作及物动可以用作及物动词，表示词，表示“劝告，建议劝告，建议”；当其后接宾语从句；当其后接宾语从句时时，谓语动词常用，谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”。在。在“课课文原句文原句”中，从句中的中，从句中的should省去了。省去了。 151.由关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句；2.由介词关系代词引导的定语从句；3.通过关系代词或关系副词来考查定语从句、 状语从句、名词性从句的区别。定语从句定语从句16在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词必须放在先行词之后，从句之首，起联系作用，
10、同时在从句中充当成分。17关系代词关系代词that, which, who, whom, that, which, who, whom, whosewhose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。如：The train that was going to Shanghai was late. (that指代物the train，在从句中作主语，不能省略)去往上海的那趟列车晚点了。18The man (that) you saw just now is our teacher.（that指代人the man，在从句中作宾语，可省略）你刚刚看到的那
11、个人是我们的老师。192.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，可和that换用。如：The train which/that was going to Shanghai was late. (which指代物the train，在从句中作主语，不能省略)The book (which/that) you want is on the desk.（which指代物the book, 在从句中作宾语，可省略）你想要的那本书在桌子上。20下面几种情况不能用which，而要用that引导定语从句：（ 1） 先 行 词 为 all, much, little, few, somethi
12、ng, anything, everything, nothing等时。如：All that can be done has been done.能做的都做了。21（2）先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some等修饰时。如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已读完了你给我的所有的书。22（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。如：This is one of the best films (that) I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影之一。23（4）先行词被the
13、only, the very, the last修饰时。如：This is the very book (that) I am after.这正是我要找的书。24（5）先行词既有人又有物时。如：He spoke of the men and the things (that) he had seen abroad.他谈到他在国外见到的人和事。253.who, whom指人，在从句中分别作主语和宾语，可和that换用。whom作宾语时也可用who替代，也可省略。如：The boy who/that helped you is my classmate.（who指the boy, 在从句中作主语，
14、不能省略）帮助你的男孩是我的同学。26The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our teacher.你刚才见到的那个人是我们的老师。274.whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。当修饰物时，相当于“名词+of which”。如：Here is the girl whose mother works in this shop.就是那个母亲在这家商店工作的女孩。28He lives in a room whose window (=the window of which) faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间里。291.关系代词which
15、, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，这时不用that；也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，这时也可用that代替which或whom，也可省略。如：“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句30This is the room in which we lived last year.或This is the room (which/that) we lives in last year.这是我们去年住的房间。Whos the man to whom you talked just now?或 Whos the man (whom/that)
16、 you talked to just now?刚才和你谈话的那个人是谁？312.“介词关系代词”中介词的选择根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。如：This is the book about which I often talk. = This is the book of which I often speak.这是我经常谈到的那本书。32根据先行词的搭配习惯。如：I remember the day on which I first met him.我还记得我第一次见到他的那天。I remember the days during which I lived there.我还记得我住在那儿的
17、那些日子。33同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。如：He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.他在墙上弄了个洞，通过这个洞他能看到房子里正发生的一切。34关系副词关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词（on, in, at, during等）关系代词”代替。如：Ill never forget the day when (=on which) I joined
18、 the League.我永远都忘不了我入团的那一天。352.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词（in, at等）关系代词”代替。如：This is the factory where (=in which) we stayed last year.这就是我们去年待的工厂。363.why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，可用“介词for关系代词”代替。如：I dont know the reason why (=for which) he came late.我不知道他迟到的原因。37注注意意：当先行词为表时间、地点的词时，有时不用when, where，而用which或that。试比
19、较：（ 1） This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. 这是我们去年参观的工厂。（2）This is the school where we studied last year.这是我们去年上过学的学校。38要正确把握关系代词和关系副词的区别，关键是看引导词在定语从句中所起的作用，特别是要注意定语从句中谓语动词的特点。如（1）中动词visit是及物动词，由此判断引导词作宾语；（2）中stay为不及物动词，由此判断引导词作状语。39the way后的定语从句后的定语从句以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句一般由that或in
20、 which引导，通常还可以省略。如：I dont like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你笑话她的那种方式。401.限制性定语从句和主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。如：I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，主句意思不完整）我是办公室里唯一被邀请的人。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句412.非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号把从句和主句隔开。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。如：Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.汤姆的父亲，60多岁了，现在仍然夜以继日地工作。42Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expected.汤姆努力学习而且总是乐于助人，这点是他父母所希望的。
