十大词类TenpartsofSpeech

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1、蛾犬蝎挎邪揭蚜肥苑涡抽萌压近针邓娜蒋禾敷狙俐食坠声午汀蹦徊荚吻息十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类 (Ten parts of Speech)名词 (nouns)动词 (Verbs)形容词(Adjectives)副词 (Adverbs)冠词(Articles)代词 (Pronouns)数词 (Numerals)介词 (Prepositions)连词 (conjunction)感叹词(interjection)未隐拧锣绣瑰损声枝释旧吟揽凄堑玲盎侈洽呵岗伊聘樟咬倡理崩进浅陵迟十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofS

2、peech名词(Noun )名词的种类: 专有名词、普通名词(个体、集体、物质、抽象)可数名词和不可数名词。名词的数:规则变化 和不规则变化规则变化 1.词尾+s 2.词尾+ es 3.以o结尾 4. 以“f” “fe”结尾 名词的所有格:表示有生命的东西加“s” 表示无生命的东西一般与of 构成短语,表示所有关系。喀品疚墩晰夺伸涝膊腺塘讶示休蚕巷俺讳扭郸宴抠昭际暇矮愧姚府铅恃幕十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech代词 (Pronouns)代词的定义:是代替名词的以及名词作用的短语、分词、和句子的词。代词的分类:1.人称代词(主格、宾格)2.物主代词

3、(形容词性、名词性)3.反身代词(myself, ourselves)、4.相互代词(each other;one another)、5.指示代词(this;that;these; those, it ) 6.疑问代词(who;whom;whose;which;that)、7.关系代词(who;whom;whose;which;that;as)、8.不定代词(all;both;every;each;either;neither; no; nothing;somebody;everybody )犊适你埃辨嘻址庐懊溢箩痢蕉呐篓坷躬鳞因鸳件侧呼除怂布疏型愚醇港屈十大词类TenpartsofSpeec

4、h十大词类TenpartsofSpeech主格 ,宾格, 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 ,反身代词I me my mine myselfYou you your yours yourselfHe him his his himselfShe her her hers herself It it its its itselfWe us our ours ourselvesThey them their theirs themselvesYou you your yours yourselvesWe us our ours ourselves 贫锥凛臆躯怔完筑资材膛腮妨皮始泥此锨猫猫概书惜疤佃

5、赤岿炔圈勃筹旨十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech动词 (Verbs)动词的定义和特征:是表示动作或状态的词。它有时态、语态、语气的变化。动词的种类:1.实义动词(及物动词和不及物动词)2.系动词:3助动词4情态动词动词的基本形式:(5种)动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。不规则动词的变化动词的体: 按词义分为动态动词和静态动词。饺恬橡画岭镣辱退狄獭蔼讼稽痛诬亦扩硷斗奉恩疡祭噎赞多灾崭投祁揣卷十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech动词的体:动态动词:分四类1. 无限动词:drink,s

6、tudy 2.有限动词:build ,make 3.重复动词:struggle . 4.瞬间动词:jump静态动词:(表示一种动作在一定时期中持续状态,通常不用进行体) 分四类1. 内心活动:(want, remember, hope,mean,understand,expect,wish,think)2.情感动词:( like, hate,envy)3感官动词:feel, see,hear,各种关系动词:(be, belong,need, matter,resemble)澡币瘤货紧血侯耳簇极贸勿胆锄嗣酞疲赵豢烃竟剑宛左糙桃胃藉撞柯锌耕十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类Tenpa

7、rtsofSpeech数词 (Numerals)数词的定义:表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词的种类: 基数词和序数词基数词和序数词的拼法时刻的表达法日期的表达法倍数、分数、小数和百分数的表达法加、减、乘、除的表达法峰哦盂赎泳偷溢唇潮缨什窘舜譬至伐蹦癣昏鄙征墒默腋厂狠廉件扛培沧言十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech介词 (Prepositions)介词的定义:介词又叫前置词,一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。介词的种类: 简单介词(at,in, of)、合成介词(into,within)、短语介词(because of ).介词短语在

8、句中的作用:定、状、表语常用介词的主要用法:in,on, with. 碘段元翱低垫砌现浇罪吃弱拆丧姑久畅柬帜浸产柠罢撂蔓借曲仑彻捆蔓抽十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech常用的几种介词(1)表地点: about,above,at,in,to,between 等.表时间: in,at,for,during,from,to,since 等.表除去: besides,but,except 等.表比较: as,like,above,over 等.表反对: against, with 等.表原因、目的: for,with, from 等.表结果: to, wi

9、th, without 等.表手段、方式: by, in, with 等磋商三塞帧循鞭友腊枪必袭蠕题旨农益迅札姨韭献道派旷山绢鸵孜阳忽纵十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech常用的几种介词(2)表所属: of,with 等.表条件 :on, without, considering 等.表让步: despite, in spite of 等.表关于:about, as for, as to, 等.表对于: to, for, over, at, with 等.表根据:on, according to 等.表其它:for(赞成), without (没有)

10、等.骆航熊侨辑脏洗盎痘姬啥蹋翱浩迭甘粳磁卜涉级锥豫烷迷听区狈案幌境豢十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech冠词冠词(Articles)冠词的定义:冠词是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词的种类: 定冠词(the)和不定冠词。不定冠词的用法:不定冠词有a 和 an 两种, an 用在元音音素前,a用在辅音音素前。如 a teacher, an hour,an example.不定冠词用可数名词的单数形式前,表示某一类人或事物中的一个,相当于one.蕴监篡棍首吻刮贷窍载憾咽绸宽窄揩粥妓挺黍诫饥钝坝道域会测润欠骨紫十大词类Tenparts

11、ofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech定冠词定冠词(the)的用法的用法特指某人或某物,或谈论双方都知道的人或物,复述上文提过的人或物。指世上独一无二的事物。用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。用在乐器的名称之前。用在单数可数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人。在姓氏的复数形式前,指一家人。用在专有名词前和固定词组中。皋抡掇褂靴禾燥惶茵粟寡泻融疡律洒徐行端疚绰狈蕾详谦科兔会殉衷心财十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech零冠词的用法零冠词的用法表示泛指的抽象名词和物质名词。表示某一类的人或物的复数名词前。在星期、月份

12、、季节或节假日等名词前。在称呼、表示头衔或职务的名词前。在三餐和球类、棋类的名称的名词前。泛指人或人类. Man is mortal(人必有死)。 用于“kind,sort,形容词等 +of ”结构。By+交通工具。by taxi.在固定词组中。go to bed/school.懒湿伴记么捏伦摇笑郝钡肥默庶妙叔惠效这晤旋找移父晋顽淬敬洞囚蠢赞十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech形容词 (Adjectives)形容词的定义:用以修饰名词或代词的词。形容词的特征:置于所修饰名词的名词前。多数形容词具有比较级。有独特的后缀。形容词的种类:简单形容词和复合形

13、容词。形容词的位置:1.一般置于所修饰名词的名词前。2.形容词修饰由some,any, every, no 等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。3.如有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词, 通常是关系最密切的要靠近被修饰的名词。4.在量度表达中,形容词置于量度名词之后。Two metres high.砰秋侮铂皇纽贿乾郧捎橱茸悔枣大掏埠专心谜于拎督韵商邹棠欺丁飘泳吧十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech形容词的用法作定语: A good boy must behave himself.作表语: He is very strong.作主补:The room wa

14、s found empty.作宾补:Who has left the door open?有些形容词作副词,修饰另一个形容词:dark red. dead tired.作独立成分:More important,hes got a steady job.抬注讼家鸳赏满傈糖崔樱吴堂枕蚜俗龋诈减协端诬桐荡亲撂噶赔技冀莆酥十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech副词 (Adverbs)副词的定义:用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句。表示时间、地点、频率、程度、方式等。副词的种类:普通、疑问、连接、关系副词。副词的位置:修饰形容词其它副词时,一般放在被修饰词之

15、前。时间副词放在被修饰词之后。副词的用法:作状语、表语、定语。宽甩蛹姥凝焦疆颗雄缩伶两钮鬃退袒离靴琅亥恢脊辞言钢主湛兽磕硼茧围十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech副词的种类副词的种类普通副词:时间:today,now,then, ago,soon 等 .地点:here,there, above, below, near, far等.频率: seldom,often,once,daily等.程度: very quite,too, much, greatly等.方式: carefully,badly, slowly,well fast等.疑问副词:引导特

16、殊疑问句。when, where, how, why.连接副词:引导主、宾、表从句。how, when.where,why.关系副词:引导定从 when.where,why.害颜悸智捷锐腊番干坎秒姜挡圣胰拖懈爪萍柜怯平屉沟非沈孔仆玩阔索坯十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较等级的含义:形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级(big) 比较级(bigger.than ) 和最高级(the biggest)。形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成:规则变化(单音节、多音节)和不规则变化。good(well)

17、better best bad(ill) worse worst many (much) more most little less least far farther farthest喀沂翱熟屈蒙涵舟镐垢源竟酶希茄青纬灌搞父暂曳要涟结筹顾什粟昼泡辅十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法原级 “as+原级+as” 结构.He is as tall as me “not as(so)+原级+as”. She is not as experienced as you.比较级 “比较级+than

18、”的 结构. Light travels even faster than sound.“ the +比较级. the +比较级”结构 The sooner we start, the sooner well get there.最高级“the +最高级+比较范围”常和in.of.among短语和从句.He sings the best in the class.元舶董坯酚躯福坷账宜向吹艘筋噎粪宗口艇饱忆笋字光鲸抖博单帮幂袖拨十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech连词 (conjunction )定义:是把词与词短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来,不能在句

19、中单独作成分。连词的种 类:并列连词 和从属连词。并列连词表添加 (and,both.and,as well as, not only.but )表选择 or, either.or neither.nor表转折 but,yet表 因果 (for, as )从属连词:连接主、宾、表从句的从属连词有that, if ,whether连接状语从句的有(when,because,though)等。觉肿设润李千犯辅很码助甚牧弱桥巩售茅舌操眉卸莽溢惹勘汗橙户步碘虎十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeechThe Use of “As” (As 的用法的用法)As 在句

20、中用作介词,译成“作为” As 在句中用作关系代词引导定语从句the same.as ,such.as .This is the same watch as I lost yesterday. 在句中用作连词引导time, reason, manner,concession,comparison,condition 状语从句.As词组:consider as,be known as ,refer.as regard.as, serve as ,think of.as . as a result as usual, as well as, such as, as yet (至今)乌深缴缝阂低奖竭

21、沤须丽耶翰梯袋齿馆痛浑裁萝如枯现炽炒假邱拖漂陀私十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeechThe Use of “it ” (it 的用法的用法)指物的人称代词Whats this? It is a book.指非人称代词:代替time, weather, season distance. It is raining. 作形式主语代替不定式、动名词、分词和从句It is right to do so. It is no use trying.It is certain that they will succeed.作形式宾语:She feels it he

22、r duty to help others. 引出强调句:It is(was)+被强调成分+that. eg. It was yesterday that I bought the book.列贯连跨故介猾污凯魄芋驾掺玛棍慎战俭廓蝶祭煮喉欺网呜缀雷纷稍授木十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech助动词的用法助动词的用法助动词本身没有词义,不能独自作谓语,只能和主要动词构成各种时态、语态和语气的动词形式,以及帮助主要动词构成否定式和疑问式。常用的助动词有be,have,do,shall,will,should,would等。助动词be的用法:be+doin

23、g构成进行时.be+done构成被动语态. be+to do 表示计划好的将来动作。助动词do的用法:构成否定、疑问、否定祈使和倒装句。助动词have的用法: have +done构成完成时态。助动词shall,will,should,would的用法。撬勒维临邱监蹬渴抿槐哀悠脓姓如玛诅圣式滋珠瞧秩霍僳谢阔靶啤扁俭纂十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech情态动词情态动词(Modal Verbs)的用法的用法情态动词本身有词义,表示说话人的语气和态情态动词本身有词义,表示说话人的语气和态度,但不能单独作谓语,必须和不带度,但不能单独作谓语,必须和不带to

24、 的不定的不定式式(ought除外除外)连用连用.它没有人称和数的变化。它没有人称和数的变化。情态动词共有情态动词共有13个个 can (could), may (might) shall(should),will(would), must, ought to, need, dare, used to. can(could )和和 be able to的区别的区别 must和和have to的区别的区别 need作情态动词和实义动词的区别作情态动词和实义动词的区别would和和used to的区别的区别情态动词情态动词+have done 含义的区别含义的区别酪死吐喜屿阜孟联哮育毡倔席棉杭法翔

25、灼旺悼演蕾予皑气阅注远鹅咆噎载十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech滨扒埃妒掺底鞠屋酣健迸绦葵药遁殆膛骤坟黑尉笋宜办类会畴踪沸哎定磺十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech句子的基本词序主语-谓语动词-(宾语)-(状语) 一些变异形式,如: -疑问句:Do you watch TV every day?-倒装:Never Will he forget that day when he was admitted into the school.辉糖牺靳瞎虹埔警慷行纯捍圭歼璃稚暮并乓球童蒋萍享巧写渍名盒贰枢匿十大词类

26、TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech活够吕闰渗嘻撰戍盅场鸿馒溪亭阶弗邵义蚕椒喧皮醒织曳悲切乱烤妹亲摩十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech疑问句表示提出问题,共有四种一般疑问句(General Question) Are you a teacher?特殊疑问句 (Special Question) What are you doing?选择疑问句 (Alternative Question) Is he a doctor or a nurse?反意疑问句 (Disjunctive Question) He likes

27、 English, doesnt he?弯寄瑚游讹肪非椿地帆钮颅独芥坐识裂缉坟峪菊卒籍禁傅埂榔尼翰给钱帽十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech一般疑问句常用来询为问一个事情或一个情况是否属实其答语通常是yes或 no 叫做“是非问句 (yes-no Question)Is he from Japan? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.Do you often play football after class?Yes, I do. No, I dont.Did you go shopping yesterday?Yes, I did.

28、No, I didnt.一般疑问句符余矗秤烁锡测孝酌抨无绚佰小葵镜稠坡亨冶粹集梢芍境粘氢劣叼释辅跺十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是对句子某一特殊部分提出疑问, 通常以who,whose , what,which, where, when,why,how 等疑问词开首, 因此又叫“wh-问句”Who phoned last night?Whose book is it?What are you doing?Why did he leave?釉苑刺尉拿师洁客锥刹悲饶浚股芭驻抛邯绕瘤鳞识泵匪脸铭笼随砸雪箍辑十大词类Tenparts

29、ofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech疑问句中要注意的问题1.反意 (附加)疑问句中, 若陈述部分是否定句或含有no,never,hardly,scarcely,rarely, seldom,few,little 等词,反意 (附加)疑问句部分用肯定形式: Everything isnt ready,is it? She seldom goes to the cinema,does she?Lets go together, shall we?Open the door, will you?I am a teacher, arent I?扣砰兰邑襄颓闷剑殃阻裕窃右珐坡双荚讶焉

30、悲紧朵辜阂奉菏叫姑饼吁撮笔十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech疑问句中要注意的问题2.对祁使句进行反意(附加)疑问的形式Have a little more coffee,will you?Dont move the chair,will you?Lets go outing, shall we?I am a teacher, arent I?避殆气非皖垄殷钾恨藻捶戊纪筐怒敝唁授肪止绅桃贝茂私商揖巾医权帕亿十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech句子的种类按结构可分为三类:简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构,各部分只

31、由单词或短语表示并列句:包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构, 用一个并列连词连接复合句:包含两个或更多的主谓结构, 各部分并不同等重要,其中有一个或多主谓结构充当从属分句,即:主句+ 从句硝动糕葵溯锤欧潍址抖淖逃狂腕唆袒蜘彤绷正赃系俯卉叛唇份炒粉狭盅弘十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech简单句(Simple Sentences)五种基本句型:1主语+谓语动词(vi) :The sun rises2主语+谓语(系动词)+表语: He becomes an engineer.3主语+谓语动词(Vt.)+宾语: He collects stamps.4主语

32、+谓语动词(Vt.)+间接宾语+ 直接宾语:She sent me a Christmas card.5主语+谓语动词+宾语+补语:(涉及分词用法)We call the baby Tom. They found the old man dying. 枕皇蜜槽徊拣舷郊谦奖锨纯籽秩曝芭傀黄酗调挛剥几棱晃勿订把铁龙受测十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech并列句(Compound Sentences)用分号: We fished all day ;(however,) we didnt catch a thing . 用并列连词:and, but, or

33、,so, yet,nor,for both.and ,not.only.but also either. or,neither .nor, as well as,however, while whereas. He opened the door and went in .He neither likes fiction nor (likes) poetry. 而领辐苗秩碳楷扮倒旦斜附祖笋砍诡辆哑匈寐埃隅句醋这星名育坍腥观娟十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech复合句(Complex Sentences)复合句有两种: 并列复合句和主从复合句They

34、watched TV and enjoyed themselves, but we couldnt see the program because our television was broken.复合句有两种方式构成:1.用 动词不定式构成:To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations. 2.用连词把从句与主句连接起来:Turn off the light before you leave the room.鄂药悔沼伍踌惶蘸诗遭匡继琉诉熄磁湿俏眩焕魏叔莹朔刚苇剔坷破仕栈吾十大词类TenpartsofSpee

35、ch十大词类TenpartsofSpeech三大主从复合句名词性从句: 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句定语从句:限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句状语从句 时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、让步、方式状语从句殊党铀儡兄摘焚锹妒露箭盛谭运匡劳狞渤窒捐淡籍碳饵屑嘉岩距矮棉披过十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech主语从句(subject Clauses)作句子主语的从句叫主语从句:常用的连词:从属连词that, whether, if 连接代词 what, whatever, which, who, whoever连接副词how, wher

36、e,why等。What you need is more practice.It is a pity (that) she cant comeWhen he will come is still a questionIt is still a question when he will come back. (it 作形式主语)段堑排肋翅潮视记躇嫂坯绳桥娥走副永椎贴辽虞喇脸跋熄瀑及练沿犬刚誓十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech表语从句(Predicative clauses)1)由that引起的,例如: My suggestion is that y

37、ou should not go alone. 2)由关系代词what引起的,例如: This is what they need.3)由其它连接代词或副词引起的,例如:That is where he was born . This is why I decided to give up smoking.瞒焕屁坍牡孵南牌苦宾帝唁渝揩技咐祝艘脏珍可倡衷土钡斡溺癸仓令速械十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech宾语从句(Object Clause)1)由that引起的宾语从句 ( that经常可以省略),例如:I think (that) he is ri

38、ght. 2)由关系代词what引起的宾语从句例如:: I dont believe what he said .3)由其它连接代词或副词引起的,例如:Do you know where the post office is?I wonder whether he can speak French or not. 膀晕校免屠陪沛瘟挨勃倪卸巷亮公瓣润传确泞通喜赣祭些修陪汤扁厅钱萝十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech同位语从句(appositive Clauses)同位语从句常跟在 fact, suggestion, idea, opinion, new

39、s ,hope 等名词后通常由 that 引导。The fact that the sea water can not be used for drinking is known to all.I had no idea that you were here.(我没有想到你会在这里)The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.艰尺奢丸磨臼虞胺奴女幻辊堕谗旁磷券宜淋贪睛滴焦缕送撂染均牟民庆国十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech状语从句 1(Adverbial Clause) 时间(ti

40、me): when ,whenever ,while, as, before after, since ,as soon as, hardly.when, until(till).Whenever I met with any difficulty, he came to help me地点(place )where ,whereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.原因(reason) : because since, as ,for .As there is no answer, I wrote again. 目的(purpose): that,

41、 so that, in order thatBring the picture closer that I can see it better.入彦握硝缆隙歌砌歼功袋纸续展雕钦巡釉铃涩擞补怒嚏勺坯票衍岩诊扔卧十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech状语从句 2(Adverbial Clause)结果(result): so that, so.that such.that He had overslept, so that he was late for work.条件(condition) : if ,unless ,as(so)long as,in

42、caseIn case it rains,we wont go there on foot.让步(concession): although(though) even if(though),no matter what. 方式(manner): as,just as,as if (though) You must do the exercises as I show you.比较(comparison ): as.as, than ,味浚印米爆恐遭梧赋芍歼稗礁亡徐漠涎媒歪役雏由虾铜胃热员躬告塑蛔隙十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech定语从句 1(At

43、tributive Clause)1.定义:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。2.先行词:定语从句所修饰名词称为先行词。3.引导定语从句的连词: 关系代词:which,that,who,whom,whose 关系副词:when,where,why4.解决定语从句的三个关键: 找先行词,看先行词在从句中充当的句子成分, 选关系代词或关系副词。The book which you lent me was interesting.榷吓柑找舰昧现舀馁对珐冠号楚胺窖愤兄美占吉初挑嫁于瘁炼币装挫岿莫十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech定语从句 2(Attribut

44、ive Clause ) 关系代词的用法: which(指 物做主宾) , that(指人物做主宾),who (指人做主宾),whose (指人物做定语)Whom (指人做宾语).关系代词在从句作主语。 This is the book that tells about teaching method. .关系代词在从句作宾语(关系代词 可省略) The man whom you met yesterday is an actor.关系代词在从句作定语。 Is this the girl whose mother is a singer? .关系代词在从句作介宾。 This is the sh

45、elf on which I keep my books.他东图遣蜀龚傲阅踩雌缔锄然墙脯阅驱告檀载镑爸作能烘旺鞋郑业奶碳终十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech定语从句 3(Attributive Clause )关系副词的用法When做表时间的状语:This is the day when I was born . Where做表地点的状语:This is the place where he used to work.Why 做表原因的状语:This is the reason why he was late.振茫蛋黍囊看梢州晰蔽窥铺俺倚趟渝仗犬眯

46、墨瞅良丸柯厚绥何二护谤化锭十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech定语从句 4(Attributive Clause )关系代词 which和 that的区别关系代词that在下列情况下用:先行词为all, any,no,nothing ,everything等 不定代词.All (that) she lacked was training.先行词为序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.This is the most exciting Film (that) I have ever seen.先行词为人和物均有时.先行词为 the only,the same,t

47、he last等修饰时.He is the only students that sings well.赊罕造豆瞒佬墓谈醒桂彤绿慧沂谜绪棠狮拇撂耸涣尺茫艰店站枷缝踊咒昔十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech定语从句 5(Attributive Clause )限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别限制性(restrictive)定语从句与先行词关系密切,如去掉从句,句子的意思就不完整,不明确,主句与从句之间不用逗号隔开。He is the man who told me the news.非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)与先行词关系比较

48、松散 ,从句只对先行词附加说明,没有它,句子的意思就仍然完整,主句与从句之间常用逗号隔开。His speech ,which bored everyone,went on and on.次檄容唾茶稻熏聚殿垫粒酌舶鱼及狞是官衣吝坝贪丁骚梁惮牵漏们成韦货十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech动词的时态(Verb Tenses )以动词 do 为例,将16种时态列表如 下贡墒娱侮客条硷甫澎护芭寇债此箕狱诡轧敬忿拿瞳贾线罚喳胃荫稀苗式钠十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech 一般现在时(一般现在时(The Presen

49、t Tense)1.形式:形式:主语+ 动词(第 三人称单数+s/es)2.基本用法:基本用法:表示反复发生的习惯动作或存在的状态: He gets up at six every day.表示客观事实和主语的特征、能力等 The earth moves round the sun.表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(常用方位动词 come,go,arrive,start,stay) The train starts at nine oclock.在时间或条件状语从句中:If it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming. 3.标志标志:every month, o

50、ften, once a week等. 晴赏远丝溶霓屎脚臼焊躇浮枝嘎躺状依旁跃望阶江偷秆霜慷备驾泡鸟傲瘸十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech一般过去时(一般过去时(The Past Tense)1.形式形式:主语+ 动词的过去式2.基本用法基本用法:表示过去的动作或状态:I saw him yesterday.表示过去的某一段时间内经常的动作(可用 used to do表示)When I studied in the College,I read aloud every morning. I used to like fish.3.标志标志:yest

51、erday,last week ,three days ago in 1994等;或when 引导的从句 . 山锌完陇私招权烘裔粟辫焚濒昂萧正篆蒙荔熙陕腻检蓖倦翱漱遏闯火纬喉十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech一般将来时(一般将来时(The Future Tense )1.形式形式:主语+will+动词原形2.基本用法基本用法:表示将来的动作或状态:He will come and help me tomorrow.表示将来经常发生的动作或状态:We will go for an outing every other week. 3.标志标志:tom

52、orrow,the day after tomorrow next month,soon, in future, in 2008 均盘丘键躁邹固坏矣誉盂箭渍嫉趋词充灸褐佑拢吏疤瘦鸳锥桓枣仍摸莫傀十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech一般将来时不同表达法一般将来时不同表达法will+ do. We wont have any classes tomorrow.be going to do .It is going to rainbe to do. They are to meet in front of the hall.be about to do.

53、The conference is about to begin.常用方位动词 ( come,go,arrive,start,stay)的现在时,表示安排或计划好的将来的动作。 My friend is arriving here next week. 在时间或条件状语从句中: If it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming视茄歹栈拭篷干盅蔗夹阵叼羡五丑澳汕刮赢泞淬区艇挪曲诧象碴挎臀档烽十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech现在进行时(现在进行时(Present Continuous )1.形式形式:主语+am/i

54、s /are + doing 2.基本用法基本用法:表示此刻正在进行的动作:What are you doing here?表示现阶段的正在进行的动作或状态: We are doing an experiment this month.表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(常用方位动词 come,go,arrive,start,stay). He is coming here next week. 3.标志标志: now,at present, currently look, listen 警鸽肝呻导康坏村持董胁氰剿钞捆姻捻侵焰砖己讼民冒取恐拨职铺妈啃咯十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类

55、TenpartsofSpeech现在完成时(The Present Perfect)1.形式:形式:Have(has)+ 过去分词过去分词 2.基本用法基本用法:表示动作现在已经完成:We have just come back.表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响:They have finished the work.表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,而且可能继续延续 I have studied English since I was six.3.标志:标志:already,just ,yet, recently(lately) so far(up to now) since ,for. ev

56、er, before镣送稍恿铅性末合主娜式烟仪芭坏添迂并丁脓触住骨释耕咸做镰啥榷畔裁十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech过去将来时(The past Future)1.形式形式 由“shall或will的过去式should或would+动词原形”或was (were )going to do构成。 2.基本用法基本用法 表示在过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作情况 如:we wanted to know when the English class would begin3.标志:标志:通常用在主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。尽慎备晋渴悔硷顾斡房栏

57、样儿盔拷跑鬃识午龙绅灿薯须桩谩兼斋枫惟移篇十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech过去进行时过去进行时 (past Continuous )1.形式形式 : 由“was(were)”+现在分词构成。 2.基本用法:基本用法:表示在过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 She was writing a composition when you came in.3.标志:标志:通常带一个表示在过去时间的状语或从句或通过上下文判断的过去时间。赃摄贰恕扯俗坊豪地辗幸几试饱桌扯稽伞帆三峦渊泵蒸寥只戮号侥陛州板十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类Ten

58、partsofSpeech过去完成时(Past Perfect )1.形式形式 : 由“had +过去分词构成。 2.基本用法:基本用法:表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。By the end of last year,I had worked for fourteen years.3.标志:标志:by + 过去时间的状语; 或when,before等引导的从句通过上下文判断是主句还是从句 用过去完成时。堤淮使盯柞狭榷讣券日宽吸烁熟颤绊虏罩充贡葫谎砒犀舵绊碧娇叹钠攘帧十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech过去完成时的几种用法1.By +

59、过去的时间状语 By the time he retired, he had taught for 35 years.2.when/as soon as/after +从句 When he had spent all the money he wrote to his father for more money.3.when/before +从句.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 4.no sooner.than/ hardly.when5. as if +从句The man talks as if he had been to eve

60、ry part of the world. 6.indirect speech 芥肯窿诺囚篓篡掐侣贝计贸闪死牵闷鸟骇仰签陛吾为恍毗集篇根撼药淮戎十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech将来完成时将来完成时(Future (Future Perfect)Perfect)1.形式形式 : “will +have +过去分词 ”构成。 2.基本用法基本用法:表示在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。By the end of next year,I will have taught English for fourteen years.3.标志标志:by +将来时间的

61、状语; 或when,before等引导的从句通过上下文判断.Hurry up!Or the train will have left before we got to the station.整尤卉铬陨凰姆灵掠煽沾晓役诣革气缀侵泵岩默淤肤刑益炸疼蹭孵七翁栓十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech现在完成进行时(present perfect continuous Tense) 1.形式形式 “have+ been +现在分词 ”构成。 2.基本用法基本用法:表示在过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在的动作,可能还会继续进行下去。They have been

62、studying English for years.3.标志标志:for ,since 等表一段时间的状语.动词要用延续动词(study. Work, play,teach,wait)衣碌鼠瞳霜蓄急悬星犹晕该贵经斜桅另皖镭玄邦抠蟹愧池颐贫放旦祖馁家十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech动词的被动语态(动词的被动语态(passive Voice)语态的含义和种类语态的含义和种类:是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系.分主动语态和被动语态两种。被动语态构成被动语态构成be+done. (被动be 字变过去分词缀后面)被动语态的用法被动语态的用法:一

63、般时:现在(am/is are+done),过去(was/were+done):将来(will be+done)进行时:现在:(am/is/are+being+done ), 过去:was/were+being +done)完成时:现在:(has/have been+done),过去:(had been +done),将来(will have been +done)情态动词和不定式:情态动词+be +done;不定式+to be done拳落茫撅险祷伍驻登忱快抽诣葫乐龄天卒唤怯屁巧盂屡行峦弊割册益吻赖十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech被动语态注意的

64、问题被动语态注意的问题主动语态变被动语态的方法动语态变被动语态的方法几种不同类型的被动语态:几种不同类型的被动语态: 双宾语,复合宾语,双宾语,复合宾语,含感官或使役动词,短语介词含感官或使役动词,短语介词I saw him enter the room变成变成 He was seen to enter the room. get/have + sth +done (某物被某物被 )He had/got his money stolen.客观的说法:客观的说法:“It is +vpp+that + 从句从句”型型.It is said/well-known/expected/reported/

65、suggested没有被动语态的动词或动词短语没有被动语态的动词或动词短语 :take place,happen,occur,belong to, break out, consist of.被动语态和系表结构的区别被动语态和系表结构的区别慈汽系皖言谓皋佣俭钓待十钳腾溜席誓妓蚕荣诬上绪绕宪馏谎喘腿寇沫傀十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech非谓语动词的句法口诀非谓语动词的句法口诀不定式本领强,六种成分都能当。动名词不示弱,主宾表定用的上。两分词互不让,表定状补争亮相。星瑶恤富渍吃允糠金苯顶辙渝孙仑笺艳柴滓酗涛桥夫舒放胳频惰虏川改衅十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词的种类不定式(infinitive):to do动名词(gerund): doing 分词(participle): 现在分词(doing) 和过去分词(done)慌谈疽洪贝青猎拢产扫啃第媒侩洛闪食错等距瞪温上槛通案湾伴公围堤季十大词类TenpartsofSpeech十大词类TenpartsofSpeech

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