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1、 Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials 先进材料制备科学与技术先进材料制备科学与技术王华明王华明北京航空航天大学北京航空航天大学 材料学院材料学院激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室82317102 82317102 PART IIntroduction and Fundamentals of Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing 第一部分第一部分先进材料制备科学与技术基础先进材料制备科学与技术基础The Four Elements of MSEProcess
2、ing/Processing/SynthesisSynthesisStructureProperties:Properties:Mechanical Mechanical FunctionalFunctionalPerformancePerformance制备成形制备成形/ /合成合成结构（成分）结构（成分）性能性能服役性能（性能服役性能（性能/ /价格比）价格比）PerformancePerformancePropertiesPropertiesStructureStructureMat. DesignMat. DesignProcessing &Processing &Manufactur
3、ingManufacturingThe Role of Materials Processing in MSEBEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing净重净重438吨的三峡电站不锈钢水轮机叶轮铸件吨的三峡电站不锈
4、钢水轮机叶轮铸件（制备与成形：合金冶炼铸造热处理焊接）（制备与成形：合金冶炼铸造热处理焊接）（制备与成形：合金冶炼铸造热处理焊接）（制备与成形：合金冶炼铸造热处理焊接）三峡电站大型水轮机不锈钢叶轮三峡电站大型水轮机不锈钢叶轮（从加拿大进口：价格（从加拿大进口：价格950万美元万美元/个）个）大型核电部件的热处理大型核电部件的热处理百百万万千千瓦瓦超超超超临临界界汽汽轮轮机机低低压压转转子子大大型型构构件件淬淬火火材料制备与成形材料制备与成形Materials Processing and Manufacturing在在MSE中的地位和作用中的地位和作用核心支柱核心支柱 基本手段和方法基本手段和
5、方法 合成制备新材料合成制备新材料 发现发现新材料新材料 提高现有材料性能提高现有材料性能 零件成形制造零件成形制造材料制备新工艺材料制备新工艺新料料新料料材料制备与成形的内涵材料制备与成形的内涵材料制备与成形科学材料制备与成形科学 Science (Fundamentals) of Science (Fundamentals) of Materials Processing and ManufacturingMaterials Processing and Manufacturing材料制备与成形技术材料制备与成形技术 Technologies of Materials Technologi
6、es of Materials Processing and ManufacturingProcessing and Manufacturing制备工艺材料组织性能制备工艺材料组织性能/服役性能服役性能间相互关系间相互关系 Relationship of Materials Processing & Relationship of Materials Processing & Manufacturing Structure Properties & PerformanceManufacturing Structure Properties & Performance过程控制及自动化过程控制及自
7、动化 Process Control and Process Control and Automation of Materials ProcessingAutomation of Materials ProcessingAll Processes and Procedures which, through intelligent utilizations of Fundamentals of MSE and related disciplines, and various existing or new technologies or special environments, etc Sy
8、nthesize or fabricate materials, Change or Control the internal structures (macro -or microstructure, atomic arrangements, etc ) for Designed or Tailored mechanical or functional properties of materials,Form, shape and manufacture materials and components while changing materials internal structures
9、 or properties, etcWhat Is Materials Processing? Some Representative Examples of Materials Processing MethodsSolidification Processing (Melting, Casting, Welding) Thermal Processing (Heat Treating, Sintering, etc) Mechanical Processing (Cold forming & rolling, etc )Thermal Mechanical ProcessingElect
10、ro-magnetic Materials ProcessingBiological Materials ProcessingHigh Energy Density Beam Materials Processing,Surface Materials ProcessingVacuum Materials Processing,Space or Micro-gravity Materials Processing，etc.etc. Driving ForceSocial and Military Requirements for Better Materials（需求牵引！）（需求牵引！） P
11、ersonal Interests and Curiosity for Novel Materialsetc Horse Power Understanding and Intelligent Utilization of Fundamentals of Materials Science Innovation or Improvement of Current Materials Processing Technologies Intelligent Utilization of New or Innovative TechnologiesetcHorse Power 1:Understan
12、ding and Intelligent or Creative Utilizations of Fundamentals of Materials and Related Disciplines激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringExample 1. Preferred Orientation of Crystal Growth and the Unidirectional Solidification Proces
13、sing TechnologyPreferred Orientation and Competition in Crystal GrowthDS Columnar Grain and Single-Crystal Turbine Blades定向凝固单晶镍基高温合金涡轮叶片定向凝固单晶镍基高温合金涡轮叶片定向凝固单晶镍基高温合金涡轮叶片定向凝固单晶镍基高温合金涡轮叶片Horse Power 1:Understanding and Intelligent or Creative Utilizations of Fundamentals of Materials and Related Disci
14、plines激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringExample 2: Theoretical Study on Nucleation Mechanisms of Equiaxed Grains of Metal Casting andDevelopment ofOCC Process 激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY L
15、aboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringSeparation of Crystals from Mold Walls Crystal Shower from Top Melt Free SurfaceFragments of Dendrite Arms due to Melt ConvectionEndogenous Nucleation due to Constitutional Undercooling,.激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BE
16、IHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringCooling Water SprayHeated MoldOhno Continuous Ohno Continuous Casting (OCC) ProcessCasting (OCC) ProcessMold Temperature Higher Than Mold Temperature Higher Than the Alloy Liquidusthe Alloy LiquidusNo Nucleation on Mold
17、 Wall;No Nucleation on Mold Wall;No Contact of Solidified Metal No Contact of Solidified Metal With the Mold WallWith the Mold WallVery Smooth Surface;Very Smooth Surface;Solidification Starts from Interior Solidification Starts from Interior No Central Shrinkage and No Central Shrinkage and Segrega
18、tionSegregationFully Directionally Solidified or Fully Directionally Solidified or Single-Crystal Wires, Bares, Single-Crystal Wires, Bares, Shaped Parts or Multi-Metal Shaped Parts or Multi-Metal Materials.Materials. Horse Power 1:Understanding and Intelligent or Creative Utilizations of Fundamenta
19、ls of Materials and Related Disciplines激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringExample 3: Atom Structure and Basic Properties of TCP Phases andDevelopment of Wear, Corrosion Resistant Metal Silicide Alloys 激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材
20、料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface Engineering拓朴密堆相拓朴密堆相 Topologically Close-Packed （TCP ） Phases CN 12 (14, 15, 16)间隙全部为四面体间隙间隙全部为四面体间隙无八面体间隙无八面体间隙原子间结合力很强共价键原子间结合力很强共价键高硬度、高耐磨、高耐蚀等高硬度、高耐磨、高耐蚀等TCP相的结构及相的结构及TCP相金属间相金属间化合物耐磨合金涂层新材料：化合物耐磨合金涂层新材
21、料：1.高硬度：高硬度： 优异的磨料磨损及粘着磨损性能优异的磨料磨损及粘着磨损性能2. 原子间结合力强、共价键与金属键共存，原子间结合力强、共价键与金属键共存， 难于发生金属粘着、难于发生金属粘着、粘着磨损性能粘着磨损性能 极好、摩擦系数很低、摩擦学相容性极好、摩擦系数很低、摩擦学相容性 高温组织稳定性与性能稳定性优异高温组织稳定性与性能稳定性优异3. 金属键仍占相当比例金属键仍占相当比例 保证涂层保证涂层/金属基材间可实现冶金结合金属基材间可实现冶金结合4. 存在广阔的合金化与多相平衡空间存在广阔的合金化与多相平衡空间 可灵活地进行合金化，对组织、性能与可灵活地进行合金化，对组织、性能与制备
22、工艺进行灵活设计与控制！制备工艺进行灵活设计与控制！Hexagonal MgZn2 Type (hP12) Laves PhaseMgZnMgZn2 2中中中中A A、B B原子的分布和双原子堆垛方式原子的分布和双原子堆垛方式原子的分布和双原子堆垛方式原子的分布和双原子堆垛方式 Laser Clad MoLaser Clad Mo2 2NiNi3 3SiSi/ /NiSi IMC CoatingNiSi IMC CoatingDry Sliding Wear ResistanceDry Sliding Wear Resistance激光材料加工与表面工程激光材料加工与表面工程 实验室实验室BE
23、IHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface Engineering()Wear mass loss of laser clad Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi coating under high-temperature sliding wear test conditions激光材料加工与表面工程激光材料加工与表面工程 实验室实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringWor
24、n surface of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and laser clad Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi coating after sliding wear tests at 600 for 60 min激光材料加工与表面工程激光材料加工与表面工程 实验室实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringHorse Power 1:Understanding and Intelligent or Creative Utilizations of Fundamentals
25、of Materials and Related Disciplines激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringExample 4: Nano-Structured Surface Mechanical Processing and Low Temperature Nitriding of Iron 激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVER
26、SITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringNitriding Iron at Lower Temperatures W. P. Tong, N. R. Tao, Z. B. Wang, J. Lu, K. Lu* Science 299 (2003)5607, 686-688. 2003年中国十大科技新闻（位列第二）年中国十大科技新闻（位列第二）Microstructure in the surface layer of a pure iron plate was refined at the na
27、nometer scale by a surface mechanical attrition treatment that generates repetitive severe plastic deformation of the surface layer. The subsequent nitriding kinetics were greatly enhanced, so that the nitriding temperature could be as low as 300C, which is much lower than conventional nitriding tem
28、peratures (above 500C). This enhanced processing method demonstrates the technological significance of nanomaterials in improving traditional processing techniques.热激活过程热激活过程Thermal Activation ProcessActivation Energy(Energy Barrier)Metastable StateStable StateVacancy Mechanism: Diffusion of Substit
29、utional Solute Atoms空位机制：置换式溶质原子空位机制：置换式溶质原子（置换式原子的扩散就是空位的反向运动）（置换式原子的扩散就是空位的反向运动）位错、层错、晶界、相界、表面位错、层错、晶界、相界、表面面缺陷面缺陷( (晶界、相界、表面晶界、相界、表面):): 溶质原子扩散的快速通道溶质原子扩散的快速通道晶内、晶界及表面扩散系数晶内、晶界及表面扩散系数一、空位一、空位 Vacancies 一种一种热力学稳定的晶体缺陷热力学稳定的晶体缺陷晶体晶体晶体晶体热力学热力学热力学热力学：NN个晶格结点、个晶格结点、个晶格结点、个晶格结点、n n个空位，空位浓度个空位，空位浓度个空位，空
30、位浓度个空位，空位浓度Cv=n/NCv=n/N D DG=nUv-T(nD DSv+D DSc) 空位空位空位空位: : 系统自由能增加系统自由能增加系统自由能增加系统自由能增加nUvnUv（ UvUv：空位形成自由能：空位形成自由能：空位形成自由能：空位形成自由能） 空位空位空位空位: : 组态熵组态熵组态熵组态熵D D D DS Sc c及及及及振动熵振动熵振动熵振动熵D D D DS Sv v增加增加增加增加系统自由能降低系统自由能降低系统自由能降低系统自由能降低空位对合金组织及性能控制的重要性空位对合金组织及性能控制的重要性物理及电子学性质物理及电子学性质（密度、电学、电子学性能）（密
31、度、电学、电子学性能）（密度、电学、电子学性能）（密度、电学、电子学性能）原子扩散的基本（最重要）方式原子扩散的基本（最重要）方式 对合金固态相变过程对合金固态相变过程对合金固态相变过程对合金固态相变过程( ( ( (形核、长大；时效形核、长大；时效形核、长大；时效形核、长大；时效) ) ) )及固态相变组织及固态相变组织及固态相变组织及固态相变组织具有决定性影响；具有决定性影响；具有决定性影响；具有决定性影响； 对合金扩散控制的热加工工艺对合金扩散控制的热加工工艺对合金扩散控制的热加工工艺对合金扩散控制的热加工工艺( ( ( (如渗金属、烧结等如渗金属、烧结等如渗金属、烧结等如渗金属、烧结等
32、) ) ) )组织具组织具组织具组织具有决定性影响；有决定性影响；有决定性影响；有决定性影响； 对合金力学性能特别是高温力学性能具有决定性影响（强对合金力学性能特别是高温力学性能具有决定性影响（强对合金力学性能特别是高温力学性能具有决定性影响（强对合金力学性能特别是高温力学性能具有决定性影响（强度、塑性、耐蚀、氧化）度、塑性、耐蚀、氧化）度、塑性、耐蚀、氧化）度、塑性、耐蚀、氧化）获得非平衡空位获得非平衡空位(过饱和空位过饱和空位)的方法的方法高温淬火高温淬火( (Quenching) )：通过极端手段把通过极端手段把高温下的平衡空位快速高温下的平衡空位快速“冷冻冷冻”固定到室温固定到室温 快
33、速凝固；固溶处理：快速凝固；固溶处理：过饱和固溶体（固溶强化）、过饱和固溶体（固溶强化）、过饱和固溶体（固溶强化）、过饱和固溶体（固溶强化）、过饱和空位过饱和空位过饱和空位过饱和空位（固溶后时效热处理工艺要求的原因）（固溶后时效热处理工艺要求的原因）（固溶后时效热处理工艺要求的原因）（固溶后时效热处理工艺要求的原因）！强烈塑性变形强烈塑性变形: :表面喷丸强化表面纳米化表面喷丸强化表面纳米化表面喷丸强化表面纳米化表面喷丸强化表面纳米化 高能粒子辐照高能粒子辐照：中子辐照等：中子辐照等( (同时产生同时产生自间隙原子），材料性能严重脆化！自间隙原子），材料性能严重脆化！20032003年中国十大
34、科技新闻之一年中国十大科技新闻之一 对纯铁进行对纯铁进行对纯铁进行对纯铁进行表面纳米化表面纳米化表面纳米化表面纳米化处理，在几十微米厚的表面处理，在几十微米厚的表面处理，在几十微米厚的表面处理，在几十微米厚的表面层中获得层中获得层中获得层中获得纳米晶组织纳米晶组织纳米晶组织纳米晶组织。然后利用。然后利用。然后利用。然后利用常规气体氮化常规气体氮化常规气体氮化常规气体氮化处理处理处理处理在在在在300 300 o oC C保温保温保温保温9 9小时小时小时小时后成功地实现了表面氮化，获得后成功地实现了表面氮化，获得后成功地实现了表面氮化，获得后成功地实现了表面氮化，获得1010微米厚的氮化物层，
35、而未经处理的纯铁在同样条微米厚的氮化物层，而未经处理的纯铁在同样条微米厚的氮化物层，而未经处理的纯铁在同样条微米厚的氮化物层，而未经处理的纯铁在同样条件下几乎无氮化物形成。性能测试结果表明在件下几乎无氮化物形成。性能测试结果表明在件下几乎无氮化物形成。性能测试结果表明在件下几乎无氮化物形成。性能测试结果表明在300 300 o oC C下形成的表面氮化层具有很高的硬度、耐磨性和下形成的表面氮化层具有很高的硬度、耐磨性和下形成的表面氮化层具有很高的硬度、耐磨性和下形成的表面氮化层具有很高的硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。这一结果证明铁的表面氮化温度可以利耐腐蚀性。这一结果证明铁的表面氮化温度可以利耐腐蚀
36、性。这一结果证明铁的表面氮化温度可以利耐腐蚀性。这一结果证明铁的表面氮化温度可以利用表面纳米化技术而大幅度下降，从而使表面氮化用表面纳米化技术而大幅度下降，从而使表面氮化用表面纳米化技术而大幅度下降，从而使表面氮化用表面纳米化技术而大幅度下降，从而使表面氮化技术的适用面技术的适用面技术的适用面技术的适用面( (材料和工件种类材料和工件种类材料和工件种类材料和工件种类) )大大拓宽。同时也大大拓宽。同时也大大拓宽。同时也大大拓宽。同时也说明通过表面纳米化技术可以实现材料表说明通过表面纳米化技术可以实现材料表说明通过表面纳米化技术可以实现材料表说明通过表面纳米化技术可以实现材料表 面结构选面结构选
37、面结构选面结构选择性化学反应。这一成果再次显示纳米技术对传统择性化学反应。这一成果再次显示纳米技术对传统择性化学反应。这一成果再次显示纳米技术对传统择性化学反应。这一成果再次显示纳米技术对传统产业技术的升级改造具有重要的推动作用。产业技术的升级改造具有重要的推动作用。产业技术的升级改造具有重要的推动作用。产业技术的升级改造具有重要的推动作用。 Nitriding Iron at Lower Temperatures W. P. Tong, N. R. Tao, Z. B. Wang, J. Lu, K. Lu* Science 299 (2003)5607, 686-688. 20032003
38、年中国十大科技新闻（位列第二）年中国十大科技新闻（位列第二）年中国十大科技新闻（位列第二）年中国十大科技新闻（位列第二）Microstructure in the surface layer of a pure iron plate was Microstructure in the surface layer of a pure iron plate was refined at the nanometer scale by a surface mechanical refined at the nanometer scale by a surface mechanical attritio
39、n treatment that generates repetitive attrition treatment that generates repetitive severe plastic severe plastic deformationdeformation of the surface layer. of the surface layer. The subsequent The subsequent nitriding kinetics were greatly enhanced, so that the nitriding kinetics were greatly enh
40、anced, so that the nitriding temperature could be as low as 300Cnitriding temperature could be as low as 300C, , which is much lower than conventional nitriding which is much lower than conventional nitriding temperatures (above 500C). This enhanced processing temperatures (above 500C). This enhance
41、d processing method demonstrates the technological significance of method demonstrates the technological significance of nanomaterials in improving traditional processing techniques.nanomaterials in improving traditional processing techniques.Horse Power 1:Understanding and Intelligent or Creative U
42、tilizations of Fundamentals of Materials and Related Disciplines激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringExample 5: Atomic Arrangements of Twins and Development of Superhigh Strength High Electrical Conductive Nano-Twined Copper激光材料制备
43、与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface Engineering16 April 2004, Vol.306, SCIENCE密排晶体结构中原子的堆垛密排晶体结构中原子的堆垛Atomic Stacking in Close Packed CrystalsAtomic Stacking in Close Packed Crystals1.1.One Dimensional Closest Packing: Clo
44、sest Packed Crystallographic DirectionClosest Packed Crystallographic Direction2. Two Dimensional Closest Packing Closest Packed Crystallographic PlanesClosest Packed Crystallographic Planes密排晶体结构中原子的堆垛密排晶体结构中原子的堆垛Atomic Stacking in Close Packed CrystalsAtomic Stacking in Close Packed Crystals2. Two
45、 Dimensional Closest Packing Closest Packed Crystallographic PlanesClosest Packed Crystallographic Planes3. Three-Dimensional Closest Stacking of Closest Packed Atomic Planesn nStacking Sitesn nStacking SequenceStacking Sequence: A-B-A-B-HCP Crystal StructureABStacking Sequence: A-B-C-A-B-CFCC Cryst
46、al StructureBCBStacking FaultlA B C A B C A B C A B C A B C C A B C A B C A BA B C A C A B C A B C A B C Stacking FaultStacking FaultTwin堆垛层错与孪晶堆垛层错与孪晶Stacking Fault and TwinsThe Nature of a Twin BoundaryA Perfect Coherent InterfaceGrowth Twins in Nano-crystalline MetalsBefore Twining After TwiningT
47、win PlaneTwin PlaneTwining Twining DirectionDirectionCrystal Growth via Twins StepsGrowth Twins纳米生长孪晶强化超高强度和高导电性铜纳米生长孪晶强化超高强度和高导电性铜 孪晶界是一种低能共格界面，能有效阻位错孪晶界是一种低能共格界面，能有效阻位错运动，可起到与普通晶界相似的强化作用。运动，可起到与普通晶界相似的强化作用。共格孪晶界对电子的散射能力极小，其电阻共格孪晶界对电子的散射能力极小，其电阻值比普通晶界的电阻低一个数量级。值比普通晶界的电阻低一个数量级。 引入大量孪晶界（即制备出高密度引入大量孪晶
48、界（即制备出高密度纳米尺寸生长孪晶）可以大幅度提纳米尺寸生长孪晶）可以大幅度提高材料的强度而对其电导特性无明高材料的强度而对其电导特性无明显影响显影响 Strong Blockage of a Twin Interface to Dislocation Movement 16 April 2004, Vol.306, SCIENCEHorse Power 1:Understanding and Intelligent or Creative Utilizations of Fundamentals of Materials and Related Disciplines激光材料制备与成形实验室
49、激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringExample 6 Atomic Arrangements of Twins and Development of Superhigh Strength High Electrical Conductive Nano-Twined Copper激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of La
50、ser Materials Processing and Surface Engineering实例之实例之6对对“小平面晶体液固界面结构与小平面晶体液固界面结构与生长机制转化生长机制转化”经典凝固理论经典凝固理论的再认识的再认识（讲授本科生课程金属学原理的（讲授本科生课程金属学原理的（讲授本科生课程金属学原理的（讲授本科生课程金属学原理的“ “收获收获收获收获” ”之一）之一）之一）之一）（很长时间的积累、很久的思考）（很长时间的积累、很久的思考）光滑界面光滑界面粗糙界面粗糙界面当当DTDT D DTc时时， D DTc侧向生长侧向生长连续生长连续生长小小平平面面晶晶体体著著名名的的凝凝固固
51、理理论论 有关小面晶体经典凝固理论有关小面晶体经典凝固理论 “随凝固冷随凝固冷却速度增加，液却速度增加，液/固界面结构将由原子尺固界面结构将由原子尺度光滑向原子尺度粗糙转变、生长机制由度光滑向原子尺度粗糙转变、生长机制由侧向生长向连续生长机制转变侧向生长向连续生长机制转变”的经典凝的经典凝固理论固理论“著名推论著名推论” ，迄今只在，迄今只在Si等非等非典型小面晶体中得到实验证实。典型小面晶体中得到实验证实。对对 “高高Jackson因子小面晶体因子小面晶体”是否具有普遍适是否具有普遍适用性，一直缺乏实验及理论依据。用性，一直缺乏实验及理论依据。101105 K/s范围内，发现范围内，发现Ti
52、C经典小面晶体经典小面晶体生长新形态及演化规律，生长新形态及演化规律，发现发现“原子尺度原子尺度光光滑的液滑的液/固界面固界面及其及其台阶侧向生长机制台阶侧向生长机制”基本特征均不随凝固冷却速度的改变而变基本特征均不随凝固冷却速度的改变而变化！化！(a)(b)光滑界面光滑界面 粗糙界面？粗糙界面？当当DTDT D DTc时时，D DTc侧向生长侧向生长侧向生长侧向生长连续生长？连续生长？连续生长？连续生长？经经典典小小面面晶晶体体凝凝固固理理论论有有关关“随随凝凝固固冷冷却却速速度度增增加加，液液/ /固固界界面面结结构构由由光光滑滑向向粗粗糙糙转转变变、生生长长机机制制由由侧侧向向生生长长向
53、向连连续续生生长长转转变变”的的著著名名推推论，对高论，对高Jackson因子小面晶体不具普遍意义因子小面晶体不具普遍意义! !SCI研研究究论论文文收收录录10余余篇篇陈陈瑶瑶获获全全国国百百篇篇优优秀秀博博士士论论文文提提名名奖奖Horse Power 2:Improvements and Innovations of Current Materials Processing Technologies or Processes激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing
54、 and Surface EngineeringHorse Power 3:Acute Perception and Intelligent Utilizations of Emerging or New Technologies!激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringApplication of Laser in Materials Processing激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形
55、实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringLASER MATERIALS PROCESSINGLaser: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationCharacteristics of Laser:Nearly Coherent Nearly MonochromaticHigh DirectionalityHigh Energy Density 激光材料制备与成形实验室激光
56、材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringApplications of Lasers in Materials ProcessingApplications of Lasers in Materials ProcessingLASER MATERIALS PROCESSINGLaser Materials ProcessingLaser Surface ProcessingLaser Surface P
57、rocessing Laser Phase Transformation Hardening; Laser Surface Melting; Laser Phase Transformation Hardening; Laser Surface Melting; Laser Surface Alloying; Laser Cladding; Laser Shock Processing; Laser Surface Alloying; Laser Cladding; Laser Shock Processing; Laser Thin Films Depositions, etcLaser T
58、hin Films Depositions, etcLaser Welding, Laser Cutting, Laser Laser Welding, Laser Cutting, Laser Forming; Forming; Laser Micro-Machining and Nano-Laser Micro-Machining and Nano-FabricationsFabricationsLaser Ablations for Thin Films DepositionLaser Ablations for Thin Films DepositionLaser Rapid Manu
59、facturing of High-Laser Rapid Manufacturing of High-Performance Metallic Components.Performance Metallic Components.BEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料加工与制造技术实验室激光材料加工与制造技术实验室激光材料加工与制造技术实验室激光材料加工与制造技术实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory of Laser
60、Materials Processing and ManufacturingLASER and LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING “激光材料制备、加工与成形制激光材料制备、加工与成形制造科学与技术造科学与技术” ” 新兴交叉学科新兴交叉学科加热加热/ /冷却；固态相变；冷却；固态相变；熔化熔化/ /凝固凝固；蒸发沉积；消融；消融沉积；冲蒸发沉积；消融；消融沉积；冲击波；光、热化学反应与核反应等击波；光、热化学反应与核反应等激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory
61、 of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringLASER MATERIALS SURFACE PROCESSING激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringBEIHANG UNIVERSITYSurface Engineered Surface Engineered Tribological Tribological ComponentsComponen
62、ts( (涂层材料与涂层技术涂层材料与涂层技术涂层材料与涂层技术涂层材料与涂层技术) )材材复复料料合合材材材材料料料料A A材料材料材料材料 B B力学性能：强韧性力学性能：强韧性力学性能：强韧性力学性能：强韧性表表表表面面面面性性性性能能能能表表面面工工程程：零零件件性性能能最最优优化化表面表面表面表面涂层涂层涂层涂层零零零零件件件件本本本本体体体体激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface En
63、gineeringSolid-State LASER MATERIALS PROCESSINGTransformation HardeningLaser Shock ProcessingLaser Bending （forming)激光表面淬火激光表面淬火 Laser Surface HardeningLaser Surface Hardening 金属零件及模具金属零件及模具表面强化表面强化方法之一方法之一激光束激光束加热相变区加热相变区Shielding GasScan Direction表面硬化层表面硬化层激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSIT
64、Y Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface Engineering 主要作用主要作用表面硬度耐磨性与寿命疲劳、接触疲劳与热疲劳寿命.例：汽车弹簧及齿轮例：汽车弹簧及齿轮激光淬火表面强化激光淬火表面强化BEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory
65、of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringRapid Solidification LASER MATERIALS PROCESSINGEffects of Rapid Solidification Processing on Structure of Metallic Materia
66、lsRefinement of Grain Size and MicrostructureRefinement of Grain Size and Microstructure (PDAS, SDAS, Eutectic Colony Size and (PDAS, SDAS, Eutectic Colony Size and Spacing, Porosity, etc)Spacing, Porosity, etc)Extension of Solubility LimitsExtension of Solubility Limits Formation of New Metastable
67、PhasesFormation of New Metastable PhasesFormation of Quasi-Crystalline and Formation of Quasi-Crystalline and Amorphous Phases (Metallic Glass)Amorphous Phases (Metallic Glass)Suppression of Solidification SegregationSuppression of Solidification Segregation激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室BEIHANG UNIVERSITY
68、 Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface Engineering激光表面熔化激光表面熔化/快速凝固快速凝固Rapid Rapid Solidification Solidification Laser Surface ProcessingLaser Surface ProcessingLaser Beam激光熔池激光熔池激光熔池激光熔池Shielding GasScan Direction激光重熔层激光重熔层主要作用主要作用 耐磨性 耐蚀性 耐氧化性 疲劳热疲劳 其它表面性能其它表面性能. .BEIHANG UNIVERSITY
69、BEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing例：大型拉丝模具例：大型拉丝模具激光表面熔化强化：激光表面熔化强化：使用寿命使用寿命由由12天提高到天提高到1年半以上年半以上BEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制
70、备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing激光表面合金化激光表面合金化 Laser Surface AlloyingLaser Surface AlloyingLaser Beam合金熔池合金熔池合金熔池合金熔池合金粉末合金粉末合金粉末合金粉末Scan Direction表面合金层表面合金层主要
71、作用主要作用 耐磨性 耐蚀性 耐氧化性 疲劳热疲劳 其它表面性能其它表面性能. .BEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing例：钛合金零件激光表面合金化，制备例：钛合金零件激光表面合金化，制备TiTi5 5SiSi
72、3 3/Ti/Ti高耐磨表面合金层，耐磨性提高高耐磨表面合金层，耐磨性提高100余倍！余倍！TiTi5 5SiSi3 3BEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing Ti5Si3/Ti Composite Coati
73、ngs High Quality Metallurguical BondingTi5Si3/b b-TiTi-6Al-4V例：钛合金零件激光表面合金化，制备例：钛合金零件激光表面合金化，制备TiTi5 5SiSi3 3/Ti/Ti高耐磨表面合金层，耐磨性提高高耐磨表面合金层，耐磨性提高100余倍！余倍！BEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manuf
74、acturingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingSubstrateSubstrateLaser Clad CoatingAlloy PowdersPowder NozzleLaser BeamMelt PoolBEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufactur
75、ingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLASER CLADDING: an Advanced Surface TechnologyLASER CLADDING: an Advanced Surface Technology Synthesis of Advanced Coating MaterialsSynthesis of Advanced Coating Materials Fabrication of High-Quality Metallurgical CoatingsFabrication of Hi
76、gh-Quality Metallurgical Coatingssubstrate100mBEIHANG UNIVERSITYBEIHANG UNIVERSITY激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室 PROMANPROMAN Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and ManufacturingLaboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing基材涂层基材涂层梯度过渡区梯度过渡区W/W5Si3 Refractory Met
77、al Silicides Matrix in-situ Composites (W/ W5Si3)WW5Si3激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室激光材料制备与成形实验室Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Surface EngineeringBEIHANG UNIVERSITYLASER ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING主要内容主要内容先进材料制备科学与技术概论先进材料制备科学与技术概论先进材料凝固制备成形科学与技术先进材料凝固制备成形科学与技术 先进金属基复合材料制备科学与技术先进金属基复
78、合材料制备科学与技术 先进材料激光制备、加工与成形科学与技术先进材料激光制备、加工与成形科学与技术纳米材料制备科学与技术纳米材料制备科学与技术 先进材料制备加工新技术进展评述先进材料制备加工新技术进展评述课程目的课程目的 了解先进材料制备的科学基础与先进材了解先进材料制备的科学基础与先进材料制备技术的基本原理，料制备技术的基本原理，认识材料科学认识材料科学“材料加工制备工艺材料加工制备工艺- -材材料组织结构料组织结构- -材料性能材料性能”三要素中三要素中“材材料加工制备技术的突出作用及料加工制备技术的突出作用及“新工艺新工艺”与与“新材料新材料”的关系，的关系，熟悉通过材料先进制备技术发展
79、高性能熟悉通过材料先进制备技术发展高性能新材料的基本思路。新材料的基本思路。 授课形式及目标授课形式及目标 授课形式：授课形式： 专题讲座以点带面专题讲座以点带面（无教材）（无教材）课程目标：课程目标： 研究思路研究思路 研究方法研究方法 创新启示创新启示考核方式考核方式笔试笔试 课程报告课程报告XX材料及其制备技术研究进展评述材料及其制备技术研究进展评述必须有自己的评述，不少于必须有自己的评述，不少于必须有自己的评述，不少于必须有自己的评述，不少于80008000汉字，至少包括以下内容：汉字，至少包括以下内容：汉字，至少包括以下内容：汉字，至少包括以下内容：前言前言（背景、原理、主要问题等）（背景、原理、主要问题等）（背景、原理、主要问题等）（背景、原理、主要问题等）国内外研究进展及评述国内外研究进展及评述结论结论参考文献参考文献先进材料制备科学与技术课程报告题目及要求先进材料制备科学与技术课程报告题目及要求先进材料制备科学与技术课程报告题目及要求先进材料制备科学与技术课程报告题目及要求
