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1、General embryology (I)(I)1.LangmansMedicalEmbryologywithSimbryoCD-ROM,LippincottWilliams&WilkinsPublishers9thEdition2.高英茂主编,组织胚胎学,全国八年制教材,人民卫生出版社,20063.邹仲之,李继承主编,组织学与胚胎学,人民卫生出版社,20084.组胚精品课程网站:http:/ (获能)(获能)and acrosome reaction(顶体反应)(顶体反应) ofspermatozoacapacitationfactor:secretedbyepi.cellsofovidu
2、ct,capacityofreleasingacrosomeenzymes4)qualityandquantityofspermatozoa:2-6ml,100,000,000/ml,1.5ml;or30%;orcapacityformobile70%5)meetingofspermandovumwithin24 hrsProcesses of fertilization:PhaseIPenetrationofthecoronaradiata(放射冠),acrosomalreleasePhaseIIPenetrationofthezonapellucide(透明带)ZPwithreceptor
3、szonapellucidaspongythereleaseoflocalenzymesPhaseIIIEntrance,formationofzygoteEntryresponse1)Corticalorzonareactions-Compaction-impermeabletomoresperm2)Oocytefinishes2ndmeioticdivision3)MetabolicactivationoftheeggResultsoffertilizationDiploidGeneticsexCleavageCleavage (卵裂)(卵裂)MitosisTwocellstage(30h
4、)Morula(桑椹胚)(72h)innercellmassembryoblastoutercellrimtrophoblastsBlastocyst(胚泡)(5d)BlastocoeleThecellsofmorulasecretefluidZonapellucidedisappearsBlastocyst (胚泡)(胚泡)innercellmassblastocoeletrophoblasts(滋养层)(胚泡腔)(内细胞群)Pubertymenstruation(28days)HormonalregulationGnRHFSHLHGranulosa/thecacellsEstrogensP
5、rogesteronesTheendometriumoftheuterusisinthesecretoryphaseUterusatTimeofImplantationImplantation(植入)-PassagethroughtheuterinetubeDay5Day11UterusOrientationofimplantationLocation-antorpost,fundusTrophoblastsoverlyingtheembryoblastpoleattachtotheendometriumandbegintoinvade.Processes zonapellucidedisap
6、pearpolartrophoblasttouchtheendometriumsecreteenzymesdissolvetheendometriumembeddedintoendometriumcoagulationplugsealthespaceImplantationsiteNormal:antorpostwalloftheuterus,fundusAbnormal:Internalosofthecervix(placentaprevia)OvarianAbdominalTubalEctopicpregnancyendometriumdecidua:-deciduabasalis(底蜕膜
7、)(底蜕膜)-deciduacapsularis(包蜕膜)(包蜕膜)-deciduaparietalis(壁蜕膜)(壁蜕膜)conditions:-endometriumisinsecretoryphase-morulareachthecavityofuterusontime-zonapellucidedisappearsintimeIn vitrofertilisation体外受精联合胚胎移植技术(IVF):又称试管婴儿,是指分别将卵子与精子取出后,置于试管内使其受精,再将胚胎前体-受精卵移植回母体子宫内发育成胎儿的过程。生育年龄不孕妇女,具备下列任何一项时:1经碘油造影、腹腔镜术或手术证实
8、,各种原因引起的盆腔粘连或输卵管阻塞。2双侧输卵管切除术后或结扎术后复通失败或不愿接受复通手术。3盆腔子宫内膜异位症,反复促排卵治疗失败。4顽固性多囊卵巢综合征,经反复促排卵治疗失败。5不明原因不孕,反复促排卵治疗失败。PreimplantationGeneticDiagnosis植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)从发育到4-8细胞的胚胎中,取出一个细胞进行细胞遗传学或分子遗传学检查,再将检查结果正常的胚胎放入子宫内,以达到优生优育目的。目前主要用于已知患有遗传性疾患夫妇或高风险遗传疾患携带者(如高龄妇女)。Implantation-sinksdeeperTheoutercelllayerTropho
9、blastsCytotrophoblasts细胞滋养层细胞滋养层Syncytiotrophoblasts合体滋养层合体滋养层Innercellmass(embryoblast)FluidcollectionamnionEpiblasts&hypoblastsBilaminarGermDisc(二胚层胚盘)(Secondweekofdevelopment)WeektwoDay9-12ImplantationCoveredtheendometrium-fibrinplugCompleteslightbulgeTrophoblastsVacuoleswithinsyncytiotrophoblast
10、s-fuseandformlacunarnetworksUteroplacentalcircExtra-EmbryonicMesodermBtwntroph&cavitySomatic/splanchnicWeek2Day13-14TrophoblastsPrimaryvilliYolksacPrimarytosecondaryChorionicplateConnectingstalkTheBilaminarEmbryoDiscbtwnAmnion(羊膜腔)Yolksac(卵黄囊)BilaminardiscEpiblasts(上胚层)Hypoblasts(下胚层)EndoftheWeekofTwos2majorcellmassesTrophoblastsInnercellmassTrophoblastsCytotrophoblastsSyncytiotrophoblastsEmbryonicCavitiesAmnioticcavityYolksacGermDiscEpiblastsHypoblastsTHEEND!