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1、General embryology (I)(I)1.LangmansMedicalEmbryologywithSimbryoCD-ROM,LippincottWilliams&WilkinsPublishers9thEdition2.高英茂主编，组织胚胎学，全国八年制教材，人民卫生出版社，20063.邹仲之，李继承主编，组织学与胚胎学，人民卫生出版社，20084.组胚精品课程网站：http:/ （获能）（获能）and acrosome reaction（顶体反应）（顶体反应） ofspermatozoacapacitationfactor:secretedbyepi.cellsofovidu
2、ct,capacityofreleasingacrosomeenzymes4)qualityandquantityofspermatozoa:2-6ml,100,000,000/ml,1.5ml;or30%;orcapacityformobile70%5)meetingofspermandovumwithin24 hrsProcesses of fertilization:PhaseIPenetrationofthecoronaradiata（放射冠）,acrosomalreleasePhaseIIPenetrationofthezonapellucide（透明带）ZPwithreceptor
3、szonapellucidaspongythereleaseoflocalenzymesPhaseIIIEntrance,formationofzygoteEntryresponse1)Corticalorzonareactions-Compaction-impermeabletomoresperm2)Oocytefinishes2ndmeioticdivision3)MetabolicactivationoftheeggResultsoffertilizationDiploidGeneticsexCleavageCleavage （卵裂）（卵裂）MitosisTwocellstage(30h
4、)Morula（桑椹胚）(72h)innercellmassembryoblastoutercellrimtrophoblastsBlastocyst（胚泡）(5d)BlastocoeleThecellsofmorulasecretefluidZonapellucidedisappearsBlastocyst （胚泡）（胚泡）innercellmassblastocoeletrophoblasts（滋养层）（胚泡腔）（内细胞群）Pubertymenstruation(28days)HormonalregulationGnRHFSHLHGranulosa/thecacellsEstrogensP
5、rogesteronesTheendometriumoftheuterusisinthesecretoryphaseUterusatTimeofImplantationImplantation（植入）-PassagethroughtheuterinetubeDay5Day11UterusOrientationofimplantationLocation-antorpost,fundusTrophoblastsoverlyingtheembryoblastpoleattachtotheendometriumandbegintoinvade.Processes zonapellucidedisap
6、pearpolartrophoblasttouchtheendometriumsecreteenzymesdissolvetheendometriumembeddedintoendometriumcoagulationplugsealthespaceImplantationsiteNormal:antorpostwalloftheuterus,fundusAbnormal:Internalosofthecervix(placentaprevia)OvarianAbdominalTubalEctopicpregnancyendometriumdecidua:-deciduabasalis（底蜕膜
7、）（底蜕膜）-deciduacapsularis（包蜕膜）（包蜕膜）-deciduaparietalis（壁蜕膜）（壁蜕膜）conditions:-endometriumisinsecretoryphase-morulareachthecavityofuterusontime-zonapellucidedisappearsintimeIn vitrofertilisation体外受精联合胚胎移植技术（IVF）：又称试管婴儿，是指分别将卵子与精子取出后，置于试管内使其受精，再将胚胎前体-受精卵移植回母体子宫内发育成胎儿的过程。生育年龄不孕妇女，具备下列任何一项时：1经碘油造影、腹腔镜术或手术证实
8、，各种原因引起的盆腔粘连或输卵管阻塞。2双侧输卵管切除术后或结扎术后复通失败或不愿接受复通手术。3盆腔子宫内膜异位症，反复促排卵治疗失败。4顽固性多囊卵巢综合征，经反复促排卵治疗失败。5不明原因不孕，反复促排卵治疗失败。PreimplantationGeneticDiagnosis植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)从发育到4-8细胞的胚胎中，取出一个细胞进行细胞遗传学或分子遗传学检查，再将检查结果正常的胚胎放入子宫内,以达到优生优育目的。目前主要用于已知患有遗传性疾患夫妇或高风险遗传疾患携带者（如高龄妇女）。Implantation-sinksdeeperTheoutercelllayerTropho
9、blastsCytotrophoblasts细胞滋养层细胞滋养层Syncytiotrophoblasts合体滋养层合体滋养层Innercellmass(embryoblast)FluidcollectionamnionEpiblasts&hypoblastsBilaminarGermDisc（二胚层胚盘）(Secondweekofdevelopment)WeektwoDay9-12ImplantationCoveredtheendometrium-fibrinplugCompleteslightbulgeTrophoblastsVacuoleswithinsyncytiotrophoblast
10、s-fuseandformlacunarnetworksUteroplacentalcircExtra-EmbryonicMesodermBtwntroph&cavitySomatic/splanchnicWeek2Day13-14TrophoblastsPrimaryvilliYolksacPrimarytosecondaryChorionicplateConnectingstalkTheBilaminarEmbryoDiscbtwnAmnion（羊膜腔）Yolksac（卵黄囊）BilaminardiscEpiblasts（上胚层）Hypoblasts（下胚层）EndoftheWeekofTwos2majorcellmassesTrophoblastsInnercellmassTrophoblastsCytotrophoblastsSyncytiotrophoblastsEmbryonicCavitiesAmnioticcavityYolksacGermDiscEpiblastsHypoblastsTHEEND!
