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1、高三英语二轮复习之短文改错德阳中学 高三备课组2024/7/221考纲解读 一一： 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能
2、力的测试题型。掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。 2024/7/222二、短文改错题的命题特点和测试要点（一）、（一）、命题特点：命题特点：1.1.考查的错误隐藏在语篇中考查的错误隐藏在语篇中, ,它需要考生通它需要考生通过语篇阅读过语篇阅读, ,整句找错整句找错. .逐行解答逐行解答. . 2. 2.其设疑特点可以用三个字来概括其设疑特点可以用三个字来概括: :多多, ,少，错少，错3.3.其答题手段可以用三句话来描述其答题手段可以用三句话来描述: :错错词更正词更正, ,少词添加少词添加, ,多词划掉多词划掉. . 4. 4.短文很贴近中学生的写作短文很贴近中学生的写作. .5.5.错误类
3、型多样错误类型多样, ,包括词法或句法错误包括词法或句法错误, ,相似相似词语或习惯用语错误词语或习惯用语错误, ,语篇逻辑行文错误语篇逻辑行文错误. .2024/7/223（二）、测试要点： 1.1.冠词的多用冠词的多用, ,少用或误用少用或误用 2. 2.名词的数与格的误用名词的数与格的误用 3.3.代词的指代不一致的错误代词的指代不一致的错误 4. 4.主谓不一致的错误主谓不一致的错误. .特别要注意关系代特别要注意关系代词作定语从句的主语和强调句型中被强调词作定语从句的主语和强调句型中被强调部分是主语时部分是主语时, ,其后从句中的谓语动词的单其后从句中的谓语动词的单复数不一致复数不一
4、致. . 5. 5.动词的时态动词的时态, ,语态的误用语态的误用. .要特别注意上要特别注意上下文下文, ,主从句和某些特殊句型中时态和语态主从句和某些特殊句型中时态和语态的前后照应的前后照应2024/7/2246.6.非谓语动词的误用非谓语动词的误用. .非谓语动词的难点主要体现非谓语动词的难点主要体现在现在分词和过去分词的用法区别在现在分词和过去分词的用法区别, ,现在分词和不现在分词和不定式的区别定式的区别7.7.形容词和副词的混用形容词和副词的混用8.8.关联词和平行结构的误用关联词和平行结构的误用. .主要体现在主要体现在 and , and , but , or ,so but
5、, or ,so 等词相互间的混用等词相互间的混用;although ;although 和和 but , because but , because 和和soso的重用的重用9.9.固定搭配固定搭配, ,习惯用法和介词的误用习惯用法和介词的误用10.10.词的多用词的多用.(.(词的多用主要指意义完整的词后词的多用主要指意义完整的词后加上不必要的词加上不必要的词) e.g: repeat again , ) e.g: repeat again , return back , enter into ,return back , enter into , serve for serve for
6、等等2024/7/225（三）、（三）、 从近几年全国部分省市高考短文改从近几年全国部分省市高考短文改错可以看出有以下特点错可以看出有以下特点: :1.1. 动词测试点是重中之重动词测试点是重中之重 2. 2.非谓语动词在中学阶段也是学习的重非谓语动词在中学阶段也是学习的重要内容要内容. .3.3.其次是介词其次是介词, ,代词的考查面也很广代词的考查面也很广. . 动词和介词的搭配动词和介词的搭配, , 搭配的介词不同搭配的介词不同, , 意思不同意思不同. .4.4.连接词被考查的次数也不少连接词被考查的次数也不少. .2024/7/226三三. .短文改错应对措施短文改错应对措施 从解题
7、步骤抓好训练从解题步骤抓好训练 1.1.从语篇入手从语篇入手, ,理解文章大意理解文章大意 2.2.在理解大意的基础上在理解大意的基础上, ,审查句子结构审查句子结构3.3.从语法结构入手从语法结构入手, ,进行语法改错进行语法改错Step I Step I 查查时态时态是否一致是否一致Step II Step II 查最基本的错误：查最基本的错误： 冠词冠词有无用错？有无用错？逻辑逻辑是否一致？是否一致？Step III Step III 读全文读全文2024/7/2272024/7/2281.1.句子中不能缺少谓语句子中不能缺少谓语 ( (bebe) )3.3.语态语态 ( (主动语态和被
8、动语态主动语态和被动语态) )2.2.时态时态 ( (上下文时态要一致上下文时态要一致) )4.4.一致性一致性(A.(A.主谓一致主谓一致 B.B.并列结构一致并列结构一致andand) )一一.动词形动词形 7.7.偷换动词偷换动词(如如take/bring, receive/accept) 5.5.正确选用非谓语动词正确选用非谓语动词( (动名词动名词, ,分词分词, ,不定式不定式) )6.6.注意固定句型运用错误注意固定句型运用错误 (used to/ be used to )2024/7/2291.Now my picture and prize is hanging in the
9、 library. 2. Play football makes us grow up tall and strong. 3. They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. 5. I found the game excited and my dad explained the rules. 4. As we climbed the mountain , we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 6. He used to getti
10、ng up early to take physical exercise. 7. so we will have plenty of spare time visit the area. werearevisitedHow to correct them?Playingexcitingget to2024/7/2210二、名词二、名词数数 1. 名词名词单、复数单、复数形式误用形式误用2.注意注意可数可数名词与名词与不可数不可数名词名词1. so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. 2. He collected some informati
11、ons about computers. 3. He has made a great progress in English lately. subjectsinformation绝对不可绝对不可数名词数名词3. 注意可注意可数名词前数名词前冠词冠词(a, an, the)正确用法正确用法 progress, furniture, weather, fun, news, Information, advice 2024/7/2211三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副1.1.分清分清形容词形容词和和副词副词用法用法2.2.正确使用正确使用比较级比较级和和最高级最高级1. He asked a
12、ngry if we had finished the work. (2005) 2. Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from mine. (2006) 3. What he said sounded wonderfully.4. His father looks much more happier today.angrily clear 名词名词定语表语定语表语动词动词,形容词形容词,副副词词,作状语作状语wonderful2024/7/2212四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别1）
13、不定式；）不定式； 2）动名词作主语、宾语；）动名词作主语、宾语； 3）并列连词）并列连词and 等连接的不定式或动名词前后要等连接的不定式或动名词前后要一致一致(注意距离较远时注意距离较远时)； 4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。2024/7/2213 They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. Play football makes us grow up tall and strong. I still remember going there early and felt a
14、nxious about the new world. toPlayingfeelingExamples: （非谓语错误）非谓语错误） I knocked the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door . delighted2024/7/2214 Some students may also to save up for our college or future use. . At first I was not willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute
15、s football match. Since long ago , many adults and children called their friends together to spend hours , even days play games. (此应为谓语动词此应为谓语动词watch 并列不定式，后者省并列不定式，后者省to playing I found a small house standing on a field with a light shone from the sitting room. shining2024/7/22151. The Smiths did h
16、is best to make me feel at home. 2. I was learning to express me in simple English. 3. I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. 4. He found difficult to learn math well. theirmyself(一）人称代词要一致一）人称代词要一致 (性性/数/格)(二）指示代词二）指示代词 (this , that单数，those , these复数)(三三) 不定代词误用不定
17、代词误用 (someone, something, anyone, anything等)(四四) it it作形主、形宾或指代时有无缺漏作形主、形宾或指代时有无缺漏 (make, find, think) everything it五、五、 代词格，细领悟代词格，细领悟2024/7/2216 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误配错误。 catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon express us su
18、ch many peopleaon ourselvesso六、习惯用法要记住六、习惯用法要记住2024/7/2217七、句子成分多分析七、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。 I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. I live in Beijing，where is the capital of China. whywhich
19、2024/7/2218八、逻辑错误须关注八、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李戴。The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. Some students may also save up for our college or future use. everythingtheir2024/7/2219语境及逻辑错误（多为连
20、词错误）语境及逻辑错误（多为连词错误）but it didnt matter that I would win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. she was smiling but nodding at me. whetherthatand2024/7/2220冠词冠词（一）单数可数名词前须加（一）单数可数名词前须加a/an (a/an (泛指泛指) )或或the(the(特指特指) （二）注意用或不用冠词特殊情况（二）注意用或不用冠词特殊情况九、冠
21、词、连词常光顾九、冠词、连词常光顾 1. It is famous mountain with all kinds of animals. 2. We may be one family and live under a same roof. 3. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher. 4. What a fun it is to go swimming in summer. a the2024/7/2221连词连词 1. The food was expensive and the service was good. (2002)
22、2. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very interesting. (2006)3. Although it is raining heavily, but I decided to go out.4. Because he is ill, so he cant go to school today.butwhich( (一一) ) 注意定语从句中关系代词和关系副词正确用法注意定语从句中关系代词和关系副词正确用法( (二二) ) 注意连词注意连词and/ but, and/ or, but/ however之间错用之间错用( (三三) ) 注意从属连
23、词如注意从属连词如because与与so, though /although与与but, if与与and / or 等等 不能同时使用不能同时使用. .2024/7/2222实战演练实战演练2024/7/2223At Christmas Eve, Jim went with hisfather to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sittingroom. Jim was covered i
24、t with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but theChristmastree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily. .2024/7/2224This passage is about_A. Jims family.B. Christmas lig
25、hts.C. How Jims family decorated the Christmas tree on Christmas Eve.C2024/7/2225At Christmas Eve, Jim went with hisfather to choose the Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting_on_chose_tall_it动词形形介介词短短语常常考，常常考，习惯用法要用法要记住住
26、还要注意形和副要注意形和副代代词格，格，细领悟悟a冠冠词连词需关注需关注2024/7/2226room. Kate was covered it with a lot ofChristmas light. The sitting room lookedreally beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmastree lights were shinning brightly. Jim and hisparents singing and dancing happ
27、ily.10._lights_beautiful_andwere动词形形还要注意形和副要注意形和副动词形形名名词数数冠冠词连词须关注关注2024/7/2227短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题 四不改四不改:标点符号不改。标点符号不改。大小写不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。词序错误不改。在纲外生词不改。在纲外生词不改。 文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。 2024/7/2228短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题 五改动五改动：1.1.忠实于原文原则（不可改变原文的原意）忠实于原文原则（不可改变原文的原意）2.2.一对一原则（一错一词）一对一原则（一错一词）3.3.错误以改动最少为原则错误以改动最少为原则4.4.虚词以添加或者删除为原则虚词以添加或者删除为原则5.5.实词以改变形式为原则实词以改变形式为原则2024/7/22292024/7/2230
