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1、“ “瞬间动词瞬间动词瞬间动词瞬间动词( (也叫也叫也叫也叫 短暂动词短暂动词短暂动词短暂动词 )” )” 和和和和 “ “延续性延续性延续性延续性动词动词动词动词” ”1、瞬间动词：瞬间动词：瞬间动词：瞬间动词： 从从从从“ “开始开始开始开始发生发生发生发生” ”到到到到 “ “结束结束结束结束/ /终止终止终止终止” ”： 几乎同时几乎同时几乎同时几乎同时或在或在或在或在极短的时间里极短的时间里极短的时间里极短的时间里（如（如（如（如 几秒钟几秒钟几秒钟几秒钟/ /几分钟内几分钟内几分钟内几分钟内 ）就）就）就）就完成了完成了完成了完成了“ “开始开始开始开始结束结束结束结束” ”的过程
2、，如的过程，如的过程，如的过程，如 “ “CloseClose the door”, the door”, “ “OpenOpen the door” the door” 有些瞬间动词的有些瞬间动词的有些瞬间动词的有些瞬间动词的“ “开始开始开始开始结束的过程结束的过程结束的过程结束的过程” ” 可能稍微长一些可能稍微长一些可能稍微长一些可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如但也不会很长的，如但也不会很长的，如但也不会很长的，如, , “buy “buy sthsth（买下）买下）买下）买下）” ”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。：付了款、拿了发
3、票即完成了。 所以，所以，所以，所以， “ “我买了这块手表我买了这块手表我买了这块手表我买了这块手表5 5年了年了年了年了” ”，在汉语中说的通在汉语中说的通在汉语中说的通在汉语中说的通，但，但，但，但英语的表达就不能说：英语的表达就不能说：英语的表达就不能说：英语的表达就不能说： I I have boughthave bought the watch the watch for five yearsfor five years. . buy buy sthsth - have - have sthsth ( (拥有拥有拥有拥有)-)-have/has + hadhave/has + ha
4、d sthsth forfor A: I A: I have hadhave had the watch the watch forfor 5 years. 5 years. B: B: It It is is (has been) five years (has been) five years sincesince I I bought bought the watch. the watch. C: I C: I boughtbought it it 5 years ago.5 years ago. 同理，同理，同理，同理， “ “borrowborrow sthsth” “” “借书借书
5、借书借书” ”在办理了相关的在办理了相关的在办理了相关的在办理了相关的 登记登记登记登记 手续后就手续后就手续后就手续后就 结束了，不可能结束了，不可能结束了，不可能结束了，不可能“ “借借借借” ” 几个星期几个星期几个星期几个星期 或好几年的！或好几年的！或好几年的！或好几年的！ 汉语汉语汉语汉语“ “这本书我已经借用了这本书我已经借用了这本书我已经借用了这本书我已经借用了2 2星期了。星期了。星期了。星期了。” ” 的意思是：的意思是：的意思是：的意思是： “ “我两周前我两周前我两周前我两周前 （borrowed borrowed it it），（），（），（），（在归还前）现在在归还
6、前）现在在归还前）现在在归还前）现在它还在我手里（它还在我手里（它还在我手里（它还在我手里（I I still havestill have it or I it or Im still readingm still reading it.it.） Right or Wrong?Right or Wrong? A: I A: I have borrowedhave borrowed the book the book for for two weeks. two weeks. B: I B: I have had / kepthave had / kept it it forfor two w
7、eeks. two weeks. C: C: ItsIts 2 weeks 2 weeks sincesince I I borrowed borrowed it. it. D: I D: I borrowed borrowed it 2 weeks it 2 weeks agoago. . (Wrong)(Wrong)(Righ(Right) t)(Righ(Right) t)(Righ(Right) t) 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但但不能说不能说“He h
8、as left for three years.” 如果要表达如果要表达“他已走了三年了他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般过去时。使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is +一段时间一段时间since 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“ 一段时间一段时间have/ has passed + since + 一一般过去时从句般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he
9、 left here.以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的动词或者表状态的be+名词形容词或副词介词名词形容词或副词介词短语等。短语等。1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow/lend come/go /become have have a coldkeepbeput onweare.g.e.g.这本书我买了三
10、个月了。这本书我买了三个月了。这本书我买了三个月了。这本书我买了三个月了。I have bought this book for three months.x xhad_ 2.转换成转换成be+名词名词/介词短语介词短语 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party member be a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin/start leave fall asleep/ill close openbe deadbe
11、 overbe onbe awayfrom(地点地点地点地点)be asleep/ill be closedbe opengo outgo outbe outget upget upbe upe.g.他去世五年了。他去世五年了。He has died for five years.been deadbeen dead _xbe in school/ be in the army / be in the Partyarrive/come/reacharrive/come/reach be in be in / /at at + +地点地点地点地点staystaye.g.e.g.他自从他自从他自从
12、他自从19851985就参军了。就参军了。就参军了。就参军了。He He has been a soldierhas been a soldier since 1985. since 1985.He He has been in the armyhas been in the army since 1985. since 1985. . .我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了. .We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. .He has had a cold for thre
13、e days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句自从上星期以来自从上星期以来自从上星期以来自从上星期以来, ,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. . I I have kepthave kept the book since last week. the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. .
14、I I have beenhave been a student for over two years. a student for over two years. I I borrowedborrowed the book last week. the book last week.I I became became a student two years ago. a student two years ago. MrMr Black Black死了三年了。死了三年了。死了三年了。死了三年了。MrMr Black Black has been deadhas been dead for t
15、hree years. for three years.MrMr Black Black died died three years ago.three years ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming Xiao Ming has been a soldierhas been a soldier for half a year. for half a year.Xiao Ming Xiao Ming joined joined the army half a year ago.the army half a year ago.我们上了我们上
16、了我们上了我们上了8 8年学了。年学了。年学了。年学了。We We have been studentshave been students for eight years. for eight years.下课下课下课下课1010分钟了分钟了分钟了分钟了 The class The class has been overhas been over for ten minutes. for ten minutes.9. 9.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了 The film The film has been onhas been on for an h
17、our. for an hour.10. 10. 门打开半小时了门打开半小时了门打开半小时了门打开半小时了The door The door has been openhas been open for half an hour. for half an hour.Practice: Practice: 瞬间瞬间瞬间瞬间动词和动词和动词和动词和延续性延续性延续性延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（动词、状态句型转化练习（动词、状态句型转化练习（动词、状态句型转化练习（1 1）：）：）：）：1 1、你来晚了，电影已放了、你来晚了，电影已放了、你来晚了，电影已放了、你来晚了，电影已放了1010分钟了。分
18、钟了。分钟了。分钟了。A: You are late. The film A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes. for 10 minutes.B: You are late. It B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film ten minutes since the film . .C: You are late. The film C: You are late. The film 10 minutes 10 minutes . .2 2、我叔叔当兵已经有我叔叔当兵已经有我叔叔当兵已经有我叔叔当
19、兵已经有2 2年了。年了。年了。年了。A: My uncle A: My uncle the army for 2 years.the army for 2 years.B: It B: It 2 years 2 years my uncle joined the army. my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle C: My uncle the army 2 years ago. the army 2 years ago.3 3、Linda Linda 已经感冒已经感冒已经感冒已经感冒4 4、5 5天了。天了。天了。天了。A: Linda A: Linda
20、 a cold a cold 4 to 5 days. 4 to 5 days.B: It B: It 4 to 5 days since Linda 4 to 5 days since Linda a cold a coldC: Linda C: Linda a cold 4 or 5 days a cold 4 or 5 days . .has been onhas been onis isbeganbegan/ /startedstartedbeganbegan/ /startedstartedhas been inhas been inis issincesincejoinedjoin
21、edhas hadhas hadforforis iscaughtcaughtcaughtcaughtagoagoagoagoPractice: Practice: 瞬间瞬间瞬间瞬间动词和动词和动词和动词和延续性延续性延续性延续性动词、状态句型转化练习动词、状态句型转化练习动词、状态句型转化练习动词、状态句型转化练习 （2 2）：4 4、他爷爷去世已经有、他爷爷去世已经有、他爷爷去世已经有、他爷爷去世已经有5 5年了年了年了年了。A: His grandpa A: His grandpa for 5 years. for 5 years.B: It B: It 5 years since hi
22、s grandpa 5 years since his grandpa . .C: His grandpa C: His grandpa 5 years 5 years . .5 5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了你来晚了，火车已经开走了你来晚了，火车已经开走了你来晚了，火车已经开走了2020分种了。分种了。分种了。分种了。A: Youre late. The train A: Youre late. The train for 20 for 20 minutes.minutes.B: It B: It 20 minutes since the train 20 minutes since the
23、train . .C: The train C: The train 20 minutes 20 minutes . .6 6、他们到深圳已经有他们到深圳已经有他们到深圳已经有他们到深圳已经有3 3年多了。年多了。年多了。年多了。A: They A: They Shenzhen for over 3 Shenzhen for over 3 years. years. B: It B: It over 3 years since they over 3 years since they Shenzhen.Shenzhen.C: They C: They Shenzhen over 3 years
24、 Shenzhen over 3 years . .has been deadhas been deadis is died died died died ago ago has been away has been away is isleftleftleftleft ago ago have been have been/ /stayed instayed in is isarrived inarrived ingot togot to/ / reachedreachedarrived inarrived ingot togot to/ / reachedreachedagoago区分区分
25、短暂性动词短暂性动词与与持续性动词持续性动词. 表示短暂性表示短暂性(瞬间性瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的的动词在现在完成时的句中句中不能不能和和一段时间一段时间连用连用.即即for,since短语或短语或how long问句问句.以动词以动词go为例，为例，go是是动词原形，动词原形， goes是单是单数第三人称形式，数第三人称形式，went是过去式是过去式, going是现在分词，是现在分词，而而gone则是它的过去则是它的过去分词。分词。规则动词的过去分词规则动词的过去分词 work visit ask play stay worked visited asked played staye
26、dliked lived movedlike live movecarried worried tried criedcarry worry try crystop drop rob plan prefer stopped dropped robbed planned preferred三式三式相同相同不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词cost cut hit hurt set put shut readlet一、一、A A A 型型原形、过去式和过去分词同形：原形、过去式和过去分词同形： bring buy think teach catchbuildbrought bought th
27、ought taught caughtbuiltbrought bought thought taught caughtbuiltfeel leavetellsellsay lay findgethavefelt lefttoldsoldsaid laidfoundgothad felt lefttoldsoldsaid laidfoundgothad二、二、A B B 型型 过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形： hearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlearnlearntlearntlendlentle
28、ntmakemademademeetmetmetpaypaidpaidsendsentsentsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptsmellsmeltsmelt二、二、A B B 型型 过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形： spendspentspentstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstood二、二、A B B 型型 过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形：过去式和过去分词同形：begin fall flyforget take wearwritebebr
29、eakdocome become runcame became rancome become runbegan fell flewforgot took worewrotewas/werebrokedidbegun fallenflownforgotten taken wornwrittenbeenbrokendone四、四、A B C 型型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异原形、过去式和过去分词各异 三、三、三、三、A B AA B A 型型型型 原形与过去分词同形原形与过去分词同形原形与过去分词同形原形与过去分词同形 四、四、A B C 型型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异原形、过去式和过去分词各异
30、 drawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatengivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownknowknewknownlielaylainrideroderiddenringrangrungseesawseenshowshowedshownsingsangsungspeakspokespokenswimswamswum四、四、A B C 型型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异原形、过去式和过去分词各异 taketooktakenthrowthrewthrownwakewokewoken五、五、A A B 型型
31、 原形与过去式同形原形与过去式同形 beatbeatbeatenlie/lied/lied说谎说谎lie/lay/lain躺下，位于，平放躺下，位于，平放lay/laid/laid放置；下蛋放置；下蛋一看时间状语一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事如果笼统地问人家做过某
32、事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时现在完成时；但进一；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时一般过去时。如：。如：Have you had your breakfast? Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.Yes, I have.When did you have it? When did you have it? At seven thirty.At seven thirty.1.1. 现在完成时可和疑问词
33、现在完成时可和疑问词现在完成时可和疑问词现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, howwhere, why, how等连用，等连用，等连用，等连用， 但但但但不能和不能和不能和不能和when when / / what timewhat time连用连用连用连用Why have you turned off the TV?Why have you turned off the TV?（你为什么关掉电视？）（你为什么关掉电视？）（你为什么关掉电视？）（你为什么关掉电视？）你什么时间关上的？你什么时间关上的？你什么时间关上的？你什么时间关上的？X XWhen have you turned o
34、ff the TV?When did you turn off the TV? 2.2. 终止性动词的现在完成时否定式终止性动词的现在完成时否定式终止性动词的现在完成时否定式终止性动词的现在完成时否定式已成为一种可延续性状态已成为一种可延续性状态已成为一种可延续性状态已成为一种可延续性状态, , 因此因此因此因此可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用. .e.g.e.g.自从自从自从自从19851985年年年年, ,他就没离开过这他就没离开过这他就没离开过这他就没离开过这. .He He hasnthasnt l
35、eft here since 1985. left here since 1985.三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或。如果表示的动作或。如果表示的动作或。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：He He has beenhas been a league member a league member for two monthsfor two months. .He He joined joined the Youth League the Youth League two months agotwo months ago. .
