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1、Grammar and usageVerb-ed formVerb-ed phrasesVerb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectivesVerb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当充当) attribute(定定语语), predicative(表语表语) and object complement(宾语补宾语补足语足语)When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be chang
2、ed into an attributive clause. The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.Verb-ed formPlease identify the parts of speech(词性词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences.1) The handwritten
3、 notes are from jack.2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.3) A dark-haired man went into the room.adjective4)The cake was left untouched on the table.5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage(船舶船舶残骸残骸).adverbThe functions of verb-ed form1. attribute(定语定语)1)A single verb-ed can appear before a
4、noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.We should drink boiled water.We should drink water which has been boiled.They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.2) Generally
5、speaking(一般说来一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.the escaped criminal逃犯逃
6、犯pastthe developed countries发达国家发达国家pasta widely used languagepassivethe retired scientistpastthe highly praised scientistpassivefallen leaves 落叶落叶pastthe risen sun升起的太阳升起的太阳pastthe exploited classes 被剥削阶级被剥削阶级passive3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive
7、clause does.The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.Scientific experiments carried out by
8、 students without the teachers instructions can be dangerous.Scientific experiments which are carried out by4) A verb-ed can be part of a compound(复合词复合词) with an adverb or a noun before it.a so-called professorhomemade pizzaa well-accepted ideaa highly-respected professora well-paid job一个所谓的教授一个所谓的
9、教授自制的比萨饼自制的比萨饼广泛接受的想法广泛接受的想法极受尊重的教授极受尊重的教授报酬颇丰的工作报酬颇丰的工作underdeveloped regions不发达地区不发达地区handmade furniture手工制作的家具手工制作的家具5) A verb-ed can also be used as a non-restrictive attribute (非限定性定语非限定性定语) which is separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗号逗号).The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular
10、with many Chinese people. The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. 2. predicative (表语表语) It can be put after some link-verbs (系
11、动词系动词) such as: be, seem, appear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.2) The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.3. Object complement (宾语补足语宾语补足语) It can be used after some verbs such as: see, hear,
12、notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep 1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood.2) I had my hair cut yesterday.3) She found the door locked.4.A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening a
13、t the same time.The girl lay in bed lost in thought.The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.Key for Exercise A : (1) disappointed (2) puzzled (3) excited (4) thrilled (5) interested (6) boredK
14、ey for Exercise B:2.The problems created by cloning will soon be clear.3.We dont want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.4.The technology used is amazing.5.The only thing needed is just a cell from your old pet.The usage of verb-ed phrasesA verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed follo
15、wed by an object or /and adverbial. The verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial(状语状语) to express the time, the reason and condition1.A verb-ed phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. It can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial.1) She left the restaurant, disappointed.2) She left the resta
16、urant, disappointed with the bad service.3) Heated, water changes into steam.4) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.5) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.2.Passive verb-ed phrases can express time, reason and condition. We can use adverbial clau
17、ses(状语从句状语从句) to rewrite the phrases.1) timeSeen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.When the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful.When completed, the museum will be open to the public.When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.Once seen, it can never be forg
18、otten.Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.2) reasonFrightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.Lost in thought, h
19、e almost ran into the car in front of him.Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.3) conditionGiven more time, we could do it much better.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Unle
20、ss you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.(= If she was compared with other professors.)3. Understood subject(逻辑主语逻辑主语)1)The understood subject is usually the same as the subject of the main clause. (refer to
21、the above sentences)2) When verb-ed is used as adverbial(状语状语) or predicative(表语表语), its understood subject is the subject of the main sentence.She became discouraged at the news.3)动词动词ed形式作定语时形式作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。词，它和名词之间是被动关系。The first textbooks written for teaching Engli
22、sh as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.4) verbed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被它们之间的关系是被动关系。动关系。Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain.(trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers)The valuable vase was found stolen.(stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主
23、语的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase)We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in.(turned up side down的逻辑主语是句子的宾语的逻辑主语是句子的宾语house)Key to Exercise A2.Encouraged by her teachers, Suzie did well at school.3.Inspired by his grandfather, the child wrote more poems.4.Bored by t
24、he game, the dog will not play any more.Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectivesRead the instructions on the book and finish the following exercises to choose the correct words from the brackets.People have always been _(interested/ interesting) in finding out about world records.interestedHugh Beave
25、r went to interview the two brothers and found their knowledge _(amazed/amazing)amazingAfter being told several times, Mr Smith still felt _ (puzzled/puzzling) and did not know what to do.puzzledThe film Pearl Harbor is really_ (excited/exciting). excitingHis response to the question was quite_ (disappointed/disappointing).disappointingKey to Exercise B(1)tired(2) burnt(3) bored(4) disappointing(5) pleased(6) challenging(7) relaxedHomeworkFinish Parts C1 and C2 on page 108 in Workbook.同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
