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1、2021 考研英语大纲变动一览表 第一部分 附录 1 词汇表 1.新增词汇顺序 新增 a aftermath aggregate albeit algorithm align archive arena artifact b bearing bolster brevity c check concurrent configuration contingent convene coronavirus corporate culminate cumulative d daunting demographic deplete deploy deter directly discrete discre
2、tion drone dual e elicit empathy enquiry/inquiry epic equity 1erode f facet g gadget i icon imminent inflict influenza invoke j jurisdiction l lawsuit lucrative m mandate media mediate mentor o overt p paradigm plagiarism policewoman protocol propagate proximate q quarantine query r resilient rhetor
3、ic s sibling situate slump stagnate stance stipulate surveillance t tangible temporal transition u usually v variance venue viable volatile w warranty wary 2whereby worker workout 2.变动词汇 顺序 2020 大纲 2021 大纲 a aesthetic/esthetic （a）esthetic air-conditioning air conditioning aluminium/aluminum alumin（i
4、）um amid amid（st） analog（u）e analog（ue） analyse/analyze analyse/-yze anybody anybody/anyone anyway=anyhow anyway anyhow apologise/apologize apologise/-ize appal/appall appal（l） autumn autumn/fall ax/axe ax（e） b bible Bible bacterium（pl.bacteria） bacteria behaviour/behavior behavio（u）r bypass/by-pass
5、 bypass c caf cafe/caf catalogue/catalogue catalog（ue） centigrade centigrade/Celsius centimetre/centimeter centimetre/-ter centre/center centre/-ter chairman chairman/chairwoman/chairperson characterise/characterize characterise/-ize child（pl.children） child cigaret/cigarette cigaret（te） civilisatio
6、n/civilization civilisation/-zation civilise/civilize civilise/-ize colour/color colo（u）r connexion/connection connection/-xion cosy cosy/-zy crisis（pl.crises） crisis criterion（pl.criteria） criterion criticise/criticize criticise/-ize 3curriculum（pl.curricula） curriculum d defence/defense defense/-c
7、e dialogue/dialog dialog（ue） distill distil（l） e emphasise/emphasize emphasise/-ize encyclopaedia/encyclopedia encyclop（a）edia endeavour/endeavor endeavo（u）r enroll/enrol enrol（l） f favour/favor favo（u）r favourable/favorable favo（u）rable favourite/favorite favo（u）rite fertiliser/fertilizer fertilise
8、r/-zer fibre/fiber fibre/-ber flavour/flavor flavo（u）r foot（pl.feet） foot formula（pl.formulae） formula fulfil/fulfill fulfil（l） g generalise/generalize generalise/-ize glamour/glamor glamo（u）r goodby/goodbye goodbye goose（pl.geese） goose gramme/gram gram（me） h hamburge hamburger/burger harbour/harbo
9、r harbo（u）r hero hero/heroin heroin honour/honor hono（u）r honourable/honorable hono（u）rable host host/hostess hostess humour/humor humo（u）r humorous humo（u）rous i ice-cream ice cream index（pl. indexes， indices index industrialise/industrialize industrialise/-ize instal/install instal（l） installment
10、instal（l）ment Internet Internet/internet j jewellery/jewelery jewel（le）ry judgement/judgment judg（e）ment k kilo/kilogramme/kilogram kilogram（me）/kilo kilometre/kilometer kilometre/-ter l labour/labor labo（u）r 4licence/license license/-ce litre/liter litre/-ter living-room living room m madame/madam
11、madam marvellous/marvelous marvel（l）ous maths/math/mathematics mathematics/math（s） medium（pl.media） medium memo memorandum/memo memorandum metre/meter metre/-ter millimetre/millimeter millimetre/-ter minimise/minimize minimise/-ize mobilise/mobilize mobilise/-ize modernisation/modernization modernis
12、ation/-zation mould/mold mo（u）ld mouse（pl.mice） mouse n neighbour/neighbor neighbo（u）r neighbourhood/neighborhood neighbo（u）rhood normalisation/normalization normalisation/-zation nucleus（pl.nuclei） nucleus o odour/odor odo（u）r often often/oftentimes okay/O.K./OK okay/OK organisation/organization or
13、ganisation/-zation organise/organize organise/-ize ought ought to owing owing to p paralyse/paralyze paralyse/-yze petrol petrol/gasoline/gasolene postman postman/mailman practise practise/-ice practice programme/programe program（me） proceeding proceedings r railroad railway/railroad railway realise
14、/realize realise/-ize recognise/recognize recognise/-ize reflexion/reflection reflection/-xion resume resume/rsum rumour/rumor rumo（u）r 5s salesman salesman/saleswoman/salesperson skeptical sceptical/skeptical skillful/skilful skil（l）ful specialise/specialize specialise/-ize spokesman spokesman/spok
15、eswoman/spokesperson sportsman sportsman/sportswoman static（al） static steward steward（ess） storey/story stor（e）y summarise/summarize summarise/-ize sympathise/sympathize sympathise/-ize systematic（al） systematic t tactic（s） tactic technology technology/tech telephone telephone/phone theatre/theater
16、 theatre/-ter thesis（pl.theses） thesis tooth（pl.teeth） tooth trolly/trolley trolley u utilise/utilize utilise/-ize v vapour/vapor vapo（u）r w waggon/wagon wag（g）on waiter waiter/waitress waitress while while/whilst whisky/whiskey whisk（e）y y yourself（pl. yourselves） yourself yourselves 3.删减词汇顺序 删减 a
17、acrobat adjoin amplifier b bosom brim brittle brook c caress d daunt 6defendant disgrace f fell fitting g gasolene/gasoline gallop h highland i inlet inquiry/enquiry l loudspeaker m moss mutton n Negro o overpass p pail phone piston prick q quartz quench r rain rainbow rotary ruby s seaside sham sho
18、pkeeper slit snowstorm t tar telegram telescope tramp u uproar w weld wreath z zinc 7第二部分 附录 2 常用的前缀和后缀 1.新增 序号 具体内容 1 a-： not or without； in a particular condition or way typicallyatypically wakeawake 2 ante-： before or earlier； in front of dateantedate roomanteroom 3 cyber-： relating to computers，
19、 the Internet， and virtual reality crimecybercrime 4 down-： lower in position， amount， quality， or importance riverdownriver sizedownsize 5 e-： electronic， on or using the Internet commercee-commerce 6 eco-： connected with the environment disastereco-disaster 7 hemi-： half spherehemisphere 8 hyper-：
20、 more than usual tensionhypertension 9 hypo-： less than usual tensionhypotension 10 meta-： beyond， higher analysismeta-analysis 11 milli-： one thousandth part of metermillimeter 12 neo-： new or recent， or in a modern form classicismneoclassicism 13 off-： not on or away from stageoffstage 14 oft-： of
21、ten quotedoft-quoted 15 omni-： all， completely presentomnipresent 16 pan-： including or relating to all parts or members Africanpan-African 17 para-： beyond； similar to but not official or not fully qualified normalparanormal medicparamedic 818 retro-： back or backwards activeretroactive 19 up-： at
22、or towards the higher or better part； moved or changed completely marketupmarket endupend 20 -ing surfsurfing 21 -let bookbooklet dropdroplet 22 -y inquireinquiry orthodoxorthodoxy 23 -ed talenttalented bad temperbad-tempered 24 -esque picturepicturesque RomanRomanesque 25 -friendly useruser-friendl
23、y environmentenvironment-friendly 2.变动 序号 2020 大纲 2021 大纲 1 aero-：concerning the air or aircraft planeaeroplane spaceaerospace aero-：concerning the air or aircraft dynamicaerodynamic spaceaerospace 2 anti-：against；opposite of； nuclear-antinuclear matter-antimatter war-antiwar anti- ： opposed to ； th
24、e opposite of ； preventing povertyanti-poverty climaxanticlimax theftantitheft 3 auto-：of or by yourself biographyautobiography criticism-auto criticism auto-：of or by yourself； working by itself biographyautobiography pilotautopilot 4 be-：to treat as the stated thing friend-befriend littlebelittle
25、be-：treat as； wearing or covered with littlebelittle jewelbejewelled 5 bi-：two； twice； double lingual-bilingual bi-：two； occurring twice or at intervals of two 9cycle-bicycle lateralbilateral annualbiannual 6 bio-：concerning living things chemistry-biochemistry bio-：relating to life or living things
26、 diversitybiodiversity 7 by-， bye-： less important productby-product waybyway by-：less important productby-product 8 centi-：hundredth part of a unit gradecentigrade metercentimeter centi-：one hundredth； hundred litercentiliter gradecentigrade 9 co-：together； with authorcoauthor existcoexist co- ： to
27、gether ； sharing a job or responsibility existcoexist authorcoauthor 10 col-： （used before l） together， with locationcollocation col-： （used before l） together locationcollocation 11 com-： （used before b， m， p） together， with passioncompassion com-： （used before b， m， p） together passioncompassion 1
28、2 con-：together， with centricconcentric federationconfederation con-：together federationconfederation 13 contra-：opposite dictioncondiction naturalcontranatural contra-：against， opposite flowcontraflow 14 cor-： （used before r） together， with relatecorrelate respondcorrespond cor-： （used before r） to
29、gether relatecorrelate 15 counter-：opposite actcounteract attackcounterattack counter-： against， opposite ； in the opposite direction； corresponding examplecounter-example clockwisecounterclockwise partcounterpart 16 cross-：across； going between the stated things and joining them countrycross-countr
30、y breedcrossbreed cross-：across； combining or involving different things bordercross-border culturalcross-cultural 17 de-： showing an opposite； to remove； to reduce codedecode valuedevalue de-：do the opposite of； remove； reduce activatedeactivate frostdefrost valuedevalue 18 dis-：not； the opposite o
31、f advantagedisadvantage agreedisagree dis-：the opposite of； stop or remove honestydishonesty connectdisconnect 10 honestdishonest 19 em-： （used before b， m， p） to cause to become bodyembody powerempower em-： （used before b， m， p） put into or onto， or provide with； cause to be powerempower bitterembi
32、tter 20 en-：to cause to become； to make dangerendanger largeenlarge en-：put into or onto， or provide with； cause to be dangerendanger largeenlarge 21 ex-：former（and still living） ministerex-minister wifeex-wife ex-：former wifeex-wife 22 extra-：outside； beyond curricularextracurricular ordinaryextrao
33、rdinary extra-：outside or beyond； very or more than normal curricularextracurricular largeextra-large 23 fore-： in advance， before； in or at the front armforearm warnforewarn fore-：before or in advance； in or at the front of tellforetell nameforename 24 il-： （used before l） not legalillegal literate
34、illiterate il-： （used before l） not logicalillogical 25 im-： （used before b， m， p） not moralimmoral possibleimpossible im-： （used before b， m， p） not moralimmoral 26 in-：not directindirect sensitiveinsensitive in-：not sensitiveinsensitive 27 infra-： below in a range； beyond redinfrared structureinfr
35、astructure infra-：below something in a range sonicinfrasonic 28 inter-：between； among changeinterchange nationalinternational inter-：between； involving two or more stateinterstate nationalinternational 29 intra-：inside， within； into cityintracity departmentintra-department intra-：within； into Europe
36、anintra-European muscularintramuscular 30 ir-： （used before r） not regularirregular responsibleirresponsible ir-： （used before r） not regularirregular 31 kilo-：thousand gramkilogram meterkilometer kilo-：thousand meterkilometer 1132 macro-： large， esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular
37、 parts of economicsmacroeconomics structuremacrostructure macro-：large， large-scale economicsmacroeconomics 33 mal-：bad or badly functionmalfunction treatmaltreat mal-： bad or badly； not correct or correctly practicemalpractice functionmalfunction 34 micro-：extremely small computermicrocomputer elec
38、tronicsmicroelectronics micro-： small， small-scale； one millionth part of organismmicroorganism secondmicrosecond 35 mid-：middle daymidday nightmidnight mid-：the middle of a particular period of time or a particular place Septembermid-September westmidwest 36 mono-：one； single planemonoplane tonemon
39、otone mono-：one， single lingualmonolingual 37 multi-：more than one； many purposemultipurpose nationalmultinational multi-：more than one or two， many nationalmultinational purposemultipurpose 38 non-：not residentnon（-）resident sensenonsense non-：not smokernon-smoker 39 out-：outside； beyond liveoutliv
40、e dooroutdoor out-：bigger， further， greater， etc； outside or beyond liveoutlive dooroutdoor 40 over-：too much； above； additional headoverhead timeovertime over-：too much； above； additional weightoverweight headoverhead timeovertime 41 poly-：many centricpolycentric syllabicpolysyllabic poly-：many cen
41、tricpolycentric 42 post-：later than； after graduatepostgraduate warpostwar post-：after or later than warpostwar 43 pre-：before； in advance payprepay warprewar pre-：before or in advance industrialpre-industrial 1244 pro-：in favor of， supporting Americapro-America abortionpro-abortion pro-：in favor of
42、， supporting； acting as a substitute for Europeanpro-European nounpronoun 45 pseudo-：not real； false namepseudonym sciencepseudoscience pseudo-：false or not real sciencepseudoscience 46 re-：again；back to the former state unitereunite usereuse re-：again； again in a better or different way； back to a
43、former state applyreapply writerewrite unitereunite 47 self-：by means of oneself or itself； of， to， with， for， or in oneself or itself employedself-employed taughtself-taught self-：relating to yourself or itself evidentself-evident 48 semi-：half；partly circlesemicircle finalsemifinal semi-：half； par
44、tial or partly circlesemicircle conscioussemiconscious 49 step-： not by birth but through a parent who has remarried motherstepmother childrenstepchildren step-：related as a result of one parent marrying again motherstepmother 50 sub-： under， below； less important； part of the stated bigger whole di
45、videsubdivide sectionsubsection sub-：under or below； part of a bigger whole； not as good as other people or things waysubway sectionsubsection standardsubstandard 51 super-：more， larger， greater than usual marketsupermarket naturalsupernatural super-：more， larger， greater than usual naturalsupernatu
46、ral 52 tele-：at or over a long distance； by or for television communicationtelecommunication screentelescreen tele-：at or over a long distance communicationstelecommunications 53 therm（o）-：concerning heat chemistrythermochemistry meterthermometer therm（o）-：relating to heat meterthermometer 54 trans-
47、：across， on or to the other side of； between trans-：across；into another place or state Atlantictransatlantic 13 Atlantictransatlantic planttransplant planttransplant 55 tri-：three； three times angulartriangular cycletricycle tri-：three；occurring three times or at intervals of three cycletricycle mon
48、thlytrimonthly 56 ultra-：beyond； very， extremely modernultramodern soundultrasound ultra-： extremely； above and beyond something in a range modernultramodern soundultrasound 57 un-：not certainuncertain fortunateunfortunate un-：not； reverse certainuncertain tieuntie 58 under-：too little； below develo
49、punderdevelop seaundersea under-： not enough； below； less important or lower in rank developedunderdeveloped waterunderwater secretaryunder-secretary 59 uni-：one； single formuniform directionalunidirectional uni-：one directionalunidirectional 60 vice-： next in the rank； below chairmanvice-chairman p
50、residentvice-president vice-： next in rank to presidentvice-president 61 -cy accurateaccuracy privateprivacy -acy， -cy delicatedelicacy relevantrelevancy 62 -ion， -ition， -ation collectcollection observeobservation -ation， -ion， -ition， -sion， -tion， -xion confirmconfirmation extinctextinction -sion
51、， -ssion decidedecision expandexpansion 63 -dom kingkingdom freefreedom -dom boreboredom kingkingdom 64 -ee employemployee interviewinterviewee -ee employemployee absentabsentee 65 -er， -or， -ar paintpainter begbeggar -er， -or， -ar New YorkNew Yorker escalateescalator 66 -ery bravebravery -ery brave
52、bravery 14 slaveslavery bakebakery machinemachinery 67 -hood childchildhood manmanhood -hood childchildhood brotherbrotherhood 68 -ism MarxMarxism socialsocialism -ism criticizecriticism MarxMarxism alcoholalcoholism 69 -ist psychiatrypsychiatrist violinviolinist -ist socialismsocialist columncolumn
53、ist 70 -ment movemovement retireretirement -ment advertiseadvertisement fulfilfulfilment 71 -ness darkdarkness happyhappiness -ness happyhappiness politepoliteness 72 -ology climateclimatology futurefuturology -logy， -ology mineralmineralogy climateclimatology 73 -ship friendfriendship scholarschola
54、rship -ship friendfriendship citizencitizenship 74 -ure closeclosure exposeexposure -ure closeclosure legislatelegislature 75 -en deepdeepen fastfasten -en deepdeepen lengthlengthen 76 -ize， -ise modernmodernise/modernize popularpopularise/popularize -ise， -ize dramadramatise/-ize popularpopularise/
55、-ize 77 -able， -ible suitsuitable questionquestionable -able， -ible fashionfashionable accessaccessible 78 -al naturenatural structurestructural -al accidentaccidental structurestructural 79 -an， -arian， -ian suburbsuburban CanadaCanadian -an， -ian， -arian suburbsuburban ShakespeareShakespearean 80
56、-ate -ate 15 considerconsiderate fortunefortunate passionpassionate affectionaffectionate 81 -ese ChinaChinese JapanJapanese -ese PortugalPortuguese ViennaViennese 82 -ful carecareful painpainful -ful joyjoyful forgetforgetful 83 -ic， -ical atomatomic psychologypsychological -ic， -ical economyeconom
57、ic（al） specifyspecific 84 -ish girlgirlish childchildish -ish IrelandIrish childchildish 85 -ive createcreative supportsupportive -ive dividedivisive supportsupportive 86 -less hopehopeless painpainless -less hopehopeless ceaseceaseless 87 -like childchildlike ladyladylike -like childchildlike shell
58、shell-like 88 -ous， -ious dangerdangerous poisonpoisonous -ous， -ious mountainmountainous prestigeprestigious 89 -some tiretiresome troubletroublesome -some burdenburdensome quarrelquarrelsome 90 -ward downdownward upupward -ward downdownward homehomeward 91 -y guiltguilty noisenoisy -y saltsalty sleepsleepy 92 -wise clockclockwise otherotherwise -wise clockclockwise securitysecurity-wise 16
