《阅读理解公开课》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《阅读理解公开课（61页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、TheSkillsofReadingComprehension（阅读理解）（阅读理解）Skip: read sth just related to the questions and miss others Skim :read sth quickly in order to find a particular point or the main point Scan: look at every part of sth carefully, especially because you are looking for a particular thing Readingskills:Read
2、ingsteps:1. Read through the passages to catch the main idea.2. (浏览全文浏览全文 掌握大意掌握大意)3.2. Read the questions and then try to find the information.(根据题目根据题目 寻找答案寻找答案)4.3. Take notes when looking for the answers.5. (做好笔记做好笔记 明确答案）明确答案）6.4.Think carefully about some uncertain choices.7. (仔细斟酌仔细斟酌 排除选项排除选
3、项)5. Check the answers.(结合全文结合全文 核对答案核对答案)TheTitleQuestion(主旨大意题主旨大意题)_WordsIntheContext(猜测词义题猜测词义题)_TheInferenceQuestion(推理判断题推理判断题)_1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrue?2.Accordingtothepassage,when(why,how,who)3.Thewritermentions(提及提及)allofthefollowingexcept 1.Fromtheparagraph,wecaninfer(推断）推断）that
4、2.Wecanconclude(得出结论得出结论)fromthepassagethat1.Whatsthemainidea/purposeofthepassage?2.Thepassageismainlyabout./Thewriterwantstotellus3.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrasemean?ABCDCABDTheFactQuestion(事实细节题事实细节题)_（阅读达人）（阅读达人）Step3Step2Step1types tipshow to search Human
5、faces, like clock faces, are also changing. And like clocks, the changes take place too slowly to be noticed. Over many thousands of years, though, huge changes are possible. For example, the human brain tripled(三倍) in size. Our faces became flatter, and we began to think more.Thechangesofhumanfaces
6、arehardlynoticedbecause_.A.WeneverthinkaboutthechangesB.ThechangestakeplacetooslowlyC.ThesizeofourbrainbecomessmallD.WehavenotimetopayattentiontoitThe Fact Question(事实细节题事实细节题)Tip: 抓住选项中的关键词抓住选项中的关键词, 回原文中找到相关句回原文中找到相关句,对比对比相关句，相关句，改写改写后意思表述一致的选项为正确答案。后意思表述一致的选项为正确答案。Assistant Needed An assistant is
7、 needed in the Pizza Hut. He/She must be healthy and should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant. Tel: 021-23432569.This advertisement tells us that _.A. the assistant must be a man.B. the assistant must have once worked in a restaura
8、nt.C. the assistant must be good at making pizza.D. Work experience isnt necessary.BTip: 定位定位-抓住选项中的抓住选项中的关键词关键词, 回原文中找到相关句。回原文中找到相关句。how to guessTip : 利用利用因果关系因果关系猜测词义。猜测词义。(关键词关键词:since, as, because, for, so, as a result, so that, for this reason )Wordsinthecontext(猜测词义题猜测词义题)?(1) You have a low o
9、pinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are verydefensive.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“defensive”?A.易怒的易怒的B.攻击性的攻击性的C.外向的外向的D.有戒心的有戒心的(2) John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious. Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.silentB.peacefulC.talkativeD.hum
10、orousTip : 1. 利用利用近义关系近义关系猜测词义。猜测词义。(关键词关键词: and, also, similarly, like, just as)(3) Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it. InEnglish,theunderlinedwordmeans_.hate 2. 利用利用反义关系反义关系猜测词义。猜测词义。(关键词关键词: however, but, on the other hand, instead of, while, unlike, although )(4) The word “lefty” means a
11、 person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.左撇子左撇子Tip : 利用利用定义、解释定义、解释猜测词义。猜测词义。(关键词关键词:is, means, that is (to say), in other words, be called，refer to ) （5）Now there are many houses around the lake. People often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals i
12、nside their houses for cleaning or killing insects. There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.“Chemical” in the story means _.A. 化学家化学家 B. 污染品污染品C. 药品药品D. 化学制品化学制品Dchemistry-化学化学留下选项留下选项A和和D根据上下文留下根据上下文留下D.Tip1: 根据已经学习的根据已经学习的词根词根、词缀词缀来推出未知词汇的意思。来推出未知词汇的意思
13、。 (6) Im sure youre hoping your children have a winning year at school. In order for that to happen, they have to succeed in two areas, academically and socially(社交上社交上). In other words, your children need to make the grade and make friends.By using the underlined word ”academically”, the writer mea
14、ns a child should _.A. treat their friends kindlyB. know how to make friendsC. learn from others any timeD. do well in his studies at schoolDTip: 通过通过上下文上下文来确定词义。来确定词义。Calmyourselfdownwhilemeetingthenewwordshow to inferThe Inference Question(推理判断题推理判断题)?Duke Ellington is known as one of the most imp
15、ortant composers(作曲家) of his time, and his works have been enjoyed for more than 80 years by music lovers all over the world. During his lifetime Ellington turned musical sounds into many compositions, mostly in the style of Jazz.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat_.A.Ellingtonsworksdisappearedquickly.B.El
16、lingtonlovestravellingaroundtheworld.C.Ellingtoncouldcomposeallkindsofsongs.D.Ellingtonhadagreatinfluenceontheworldofmusic.Tip :根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句相关句,对相关句进行合理对相关句进行合理推断、概括推断、概括的选项为正确答案。的选项为正确答案。 I had to keep calm for the meeting because I need to make the clients(客户) be
17、lieve that our plan was the best. However, I found I left the plan at home and I was going to give a talk about the plan to clients. I almost got angry when I realized that I had another copy(份) in my office. At last, the meeting came to an end and it turned out to be successful.Whatdidtheclientsthi
18、nkofthewriterstalk?A.BoringB.Justso-soB.C.ExcellentD.Terrible I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school four years later When leaving school, I got some money. I hope to become a full-time craftswoman.From these two paragraphs, when finishing sch
19、ool studies, the writer was about _.A.14B. 16C. 18D. 21DTip: 根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句,对对相关句进行合理推断相关句进行合理推断。 how to understandThe Title Question(主旨大意题主旨大意题)?Now scientists have told us some good news to fight travel sickness. Choose an aisle(过道) seat on a plane, train and si
20、t in the front of a car. Avoid standing. Always face the same way that youre travelling and leave your books at home.Theparagraphismainlyabout_?A.WheretositonaplaneB.WhentotravelC.HowtopreventtravelsicknessD.WhyweshouldntstandTip1: 在文章的在文章的首段或尾段首段或尾段中找到主旨大意。中找到主旨大意。Six strong men tried to push and p
21、ull(拉拽) the bull out, but the bull didnt move at all and even attacked(攻击) them. The men thought carefully and decided to fill the bulls milk bottle with milk then used it to lead the bull out. It worked at last. Sometimes we meet with troubles. Maybe at first you find it difficult to deal with a pr
22、oblem. But thinking in different ways may lead you to the solution.Whatdoesthisparagraphwanttotellus?A.Experienceisthebestteacher.B.Somethingtried,somethingdone.C.Itsdangeroustomakeabullangry.D.Whenausualwaycanthelp,tryanotherway.New York, London, Paris and other big cities are exciting places to li
23、ve in. There are many interesting things to see and to do. You can go to different kinds of museums, cinemas and theatres. You can also go shopping to buy things from all over the world. But there are serious problems in big cities too. The cost of living is high, and there are too many people movin
24、g to some big cities. And too many people in a small space make it hard to keep the cities safe and clean. So some people enjoy living in big cities but others do not. Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.BigcitiesB.NewYork,London,andParisC.ExcitingplacestoliveinD.SeriousproblemsinbigcitiesTip 2: 主旨大
25、意隐含在主旨大意隐含在全篇全篇中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。其分。 （阅读达人）（阅读达人）types tipsStep3practicePaul, a scientist at the University of Wisconsin, believes that the senses can be changeable. For example, ears can be used for smelling. The brain, as we
26、know, is a complex organ(复杂器官). Even when part of it is hurt, it will try to carry out the same function(功能) by sending the function to another area of the brain.Whatcouldbethebesttitlefortheparagraph?A.SensesareimportantB.AninterestingexperimentC.FamousscientistD.SensesarechangeableFor example, a g
27、reenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns had not developed. A century later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the mea
28、ning it has today-a person who is new in the job.Fromtheparagraph,wecaninferthat_A.AgreenhornreferstoahornofayoungcoworfoxB.AwordhasdifferentmeaningsinthesamecenturyC.ThelanguagedevelopswithtimegoingbyD.AgreenhornmeansasoldierwhohasnthadanyexperienceinbattletodaySociable people, those who like to be
29、 with others, like red.A.城市的城市的B.社会学的社会学的C.爱运动的爱运动的D.好交际的好交际的She asked the hairdresser to trim her hair as it was too long.InChinese,theunderlinedwordmeans_.修剪修剪直接解题法直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。综合推理
30、法综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。案。捕捉关键词捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。词等信息词来得出正确答案。转换解题法转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。说法，但仍表示同一含义。排除法排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握
31、的选项中用排除法词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。得出正确答案。2、找准关键词、句，并划线、找准关键词、句，并划线1、以题目为中心、以题目为中心3、跳出文章看大意、跳出文章看大意4、以作者的思想为基准、以作者的思想为基准5、多反问、假设（尤其是主旨题）、多反问、假设（尤其是主旨题）解题注意点：解题注意点：basic language knowledgeimportant English grammarthe western culturereading skillsRomewasntbuiltinaday.workharderandpracticemore，yourhardwo
32、rkwillberewarded!Homework1. Learn more reading strategies by yourselves after school.2. Read more articles in the newspapers or magazines and practice as much as possible.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant. Th
33、eadtellsusthat_A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina.1查找事实、细节型查找事实、细节型B2.Inthepast,therewereforestsallaroundLakePonkapog,sorainwaterwasclean.Inthepast,LakePonkapogwassurrounded(环绕环绕)by_.A.fishB.rainC.birdsD.forestsD2.逻辑推理型逻辑推理型1）根据
34、常识判断根据常识判断Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner.Whenitwasaboutsixoclock,mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread.Sosheaskedourfive-year-olddaughter,Kathy,tobuysome.Oneday,Kathysparentsinvitedsomefriendsto_.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.havesupperD.haveaparty.C阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：2)根据计算判断根据计算判断 If everyone set
35、s their air conditioning 空调at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours千瓦时 of electricity in one summer. Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,”said a TV advertisement. Beijingwilluse_millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：A常用提问
36、方式：常用提问方式：Accordingto(根据根据)thepassage,weknowthat_Thetitle(标题标题)ofthepassagecanbe_.Thewritertellsus_.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：3.归纳中心句归纳中心句主题句在文章开头，其后的句子则是论证主题句在文章开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。性细节。新闻报道、说明文、议论文常新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。用此方式。1.
37、在开头在开头中心句常在文章中出现的位置 Good morning. The program today is about music. The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of the arts. It is like the spoken language,but is uses sounds. Todays program brings together music from different corner
38、s of the world. Who invented music？ Who sang the first song？ No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyones life. _文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子都是围绕介绍音乐的。都是围绕介绍音乐的。 In the sea there are many islands. In its w
39、ater there are some little ones. We call them “Coral Islands(珊瑚珊瑚岛)”.CoralIslandsbegan to build under the water year after year. The coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water. Thentheseabroughttoitsmalltreesandsomethingelse.Aftersomeyears,thesethingschangedintoearth.Sometimesbir
40、dsflewoveritandbroughtseeds(种子种子)。Thelittleseedsgrew.Inafewyearstherewereplantsallovertheisland.Soyousee,theseislandswerebuiltlittlebylittle.Canyouthinkwhatthelessonis?Smallworkerscandowonderfulthingsiftheyworkhardandworkalongtime.主题句常在文章中出现的位置2.在结尾在结尾3.在中间在中间通常是文章的开头提出问题，陈述通常是文章的开头提出问题，陈述细节，导出主题句，然
41、后再进一步细节，导出主题句，然后再进一步用细节说明支持主题句。如：用细节说明支持主题句。如：中心句常在文章中出现的位置 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back
42、 of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . Acamper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out._有些文章或段落无明显的主题句有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗只是暗示性地体现主题示性地体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的中根据文中所叙述的事实事实或提供的或提供的线索线索来来概括总结主旨大意。概括总结主旨大意。典型例题分析典型例题分析:根据短语意思，选择最佳选项根据短语意思，选择最佳选项MrBrownfirstwentt
43、olookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven.Throughtheholeintheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore.Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.Infact,thereare260coal（煤）（煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmfulanddange
44、rous.Thenhowtoputthemout?Scientistshavetriedtosetfiretoundergroundcoaltospeedupthefires.Inthisway,theburningofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished.Whatisthebesttitle（标题）（标题）forthearticle?A.WatchingtheUnderground-Fire.B.AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires.C.TheBurningEarth.D.CoalandCoalFires.B分析分析完成这道题需作一定的完成这道题需
45、作一定的归纳归纳，因为文章，因为文章中中没有给出直接的回答没有给出直接的回答。文章从。文章从MrBrown两两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为故正确答案为B。4.词句含义词句含义理解型题目理解型题目 Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherche
46、micalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆虫昆虫).Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化学家化学家B.污染品污染品C.化妆品化妆品D.化学制品化学制品D阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：CalmyourselfdownwhilemeetingthenewwordsA.利用构词法进行猜测利用构词法进行猜测1.根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，根据单词的
47、前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心小心)careful(小心的小心的)carefully(小心地小心地);write(写写)rewrite(改写改写)。un-;dis-;-less:;mis-:;re-:;-ern:-er,-or,-ist:;2.根据根据“合成词合成词”猜测。猜测。如如down+stairs downstairs不/无错误再,重复,重新表方向表示人Exercises: Match the meaning with the new words.1.rebuild2.modernize3.man-made4.unsafe 5.misunderstandingA.不安全的B.误
48、解C.重建D.现代化E.人造的B.根据上下文猜测根据上下文猜测(1)根据关联词猜词根据关联词猜词表示因果关系的表示因果关系的：because, as, since, for, so, as a result表示同义关系的表示同义关系的：and, like, just as表示反义关系的表示反义关系的： but, however, though, although, yet, instead (of)等等。1.I could see nothing because the light was so faint 2.Tom is very polite, but his brother is qu
49、ite rash.(昏暗的）昏暗的）(没礼貌的，粗鲁的没礼貌的，粗鲁的)(2).根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词1.Why does jogging - running slowly become so popular.2.Jane is warm-hearted, she likes to help.(慢慢跑跑)(热心的热心的)(3).根据生活经验及普通常识猜词1.China is our motherland. 2.Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. 3.Its really cold outside, and my ha
50、nds are both numb.(祖国祖国)(育儿袋育儿袋)(冻僵了的冻僵了的,麻木的麻木的,失去知觉的失去知觉的) 1.Alotoftheworldsnaturalresourceslikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A. 环境环境 B.资源资源 C. . 汽油汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.A. 帽子帽子 B.雨鞋雨鞋 C. . 眼镜眼镜3.Mymomwasalittleheavy.AndIwasalmostasplumpasmymom.A. 丰满丰满 B.苗条苗条 C. . 强壮强壮4.Children
51、haveschoolbagswithtwostrapstocarrythem.A. 口袋口袋 B.肩带肩带 C. . 纽扣纽扣Exercises: Choose the right answer.直接解题法直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。综合推理法综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。案。捕捉关键词捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。词等信息词来得出正确答案。转换解题法转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。说法，但仍表示同一含义。排除法排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。得出正确答案。
