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1、Unit 3Unit 3Back to the pastBack to the pastModule31.civilize v. 使文明 civilized; adj. 文明的，开化的 civilization n. 文明；开化2. erupt vi. 爆发 eruption n. 爆发3. fortune n. 运气；财富 fortunate; adj. 幸运的； unfortunate; 不幸的 fortunately; adv. 幸运地； unfortunately不幸地4. archaeology n. 考古学 archaeological; adj. 考古学的 archaeologi
2、st n. 考古学家1.5. wealth n. 财富 wealthy adj. 富有的热热 点点 单单 词词merce n. 商业 commercial; adj. 商业的 commercially adv. 在商业方面7.culture n. 文化 cultural; adj. 文化的 culturally adv. 在文化方面8.Swede n. 瑞典 Swedish adj. 瑞典的9.enormous adj. 巨大的 enormously adv. 极端地，非常 10.wood n. 木材；树林 wooden; adj. 木质的； wooded 种了树的热热 点点 单单 词词1.
3、He promised that he would solve this problem, but we havent seen any sign of a good solution so far.2. These tribal people have no faith in our science and technology. They are still faithful believers of their ancient religious rituals(仪式) for good luck.3. She said she was thankful for the concerns
4、 we showed about her present condition, but she wanted us to be no more concerned because things were improving.4. The major trouble we are in is that the majority of us are badly fed.热热 点点 单单 词词5. The refinery exploded and the explosionshook the land where it had been built.6. The president declare
5、d that the war had come to an end and Japans declarationof its surrender(投降) to the Allies would soon come.7. We built this memorialto memorize those who have died for this nation.8. His mother, rather than his father, is the person who has influenced him most in his life. She was very influential i
6、n persuading him into taking up journalism as his life career.热热 点点 单单 词词9.The working class should be united if they want to be powerful. And the only way to do this is to build independent trade unions(行业工会)10.Wool is still an important material for clothes. People around the world buy a lot of wo
7、olen clothes every year.11.Letters are not randomly put together to form words. There are surely rules for word formation.热热 点点 单单 词词 根据中文填单词完成句子，每空一词(记忆时，用下列横线上的新单词造句记忆)1. 那个担心的市民在文化研究所忠实地听了那个瑞典共和国的皇帝关于考古文明的讲座。 The concerned citizen faithfully attended the lecture on archaeological civilization giv
8、en by the emperor of the Swedish Republic at the Cultural Institute .热热 点点 单单 词词2. 刚下飞机的总统宣布，为了纪念那些为拯救罗马帝国而在巨大的木制军舰上战斗中死去的士兵们建一座纪念馆。 The president who had just got off the airplane declared that a memorial should be set up in memory of the soldiers who died in the fighting on the enormous military w
9、ooden battleship to save the Roman Empire.热热 点点 单单 词词3. 不幸的是，那个有钱主管被埋的尸体在沙尘暴中渐渐地被毁坏了，他曾是考古学家。 Unfortunately， the buried body of the wealthy director， the once archaeologist， was gradually destroyed in the sandstorm.热热 点点 单单 词词4. 当时日本主要的机场被炸弹炸毁了，贸易被中断，羊毛商品卖不出去，结果全国处于恶劣的状态之中。 At the time the major Jap
10、anese airports were exploded by bombs ， their trade being interrupted and their woolen goods being unable to be sold, resulting in the nations worse condition.热热 点点 单单 词词5. 一个明智的解决办法就是，把漆罐、瓷器、双筒望远镜、有影响力的诗歌、商业文件和材料保存在这个寺庙的作坊中。 One of the wise solutions is that we should keep the painted pots ， china
11、， binoculars ， influential poetry ， and commercial documents materials in the workshops of this temple.热热 点点 单单 词词重重 点点 短短 语语根据中文写出英文短语1. 夺取；接管 take over2. 处于废墟中，是一片废墟 be in ruins3. 处于良好的状态 be in good condition4. 找到的解决方法 find a solution to5. 对关心，为担心 be concerned about6. 实施，执行 carry out7. 在船上 on boar
12、d重重 点点 短短 语语8. 纪念 in memory of9. 使用中 in use10. 作为回报 in return11. 不再 no more12. 阻止做 preventfrom doing13. 聚焦于 focus on14. 导致，通向 lead to15. 属于某人自己 of ones own 1.with复合结构：with 名词 介词短语/v.ed / ving /to do / adj. /adv. 在句中作状语，也可作定语。2.It is hard to imagine！ “很难想象！” 结构：It is/was adj. / n. to do sth. It为形式主语，
13、不定式短语为真正主语。3.By 27BC, Rome had become “到，已经成为。”句中有by 过去时间状语(从句)时，谓语动词用过去完成时。重重 点点 句句 型型.同义转换1.Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city! Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and the city was buried alive，too.2. I was too tired to eat anything we were given. I w
14、as so tired that I couldnt eat anything that we were given.重重 点点 句句 型型3.That didnt prevent the city from being buried by sand. That didnt stop the city being buried by sand.4.The heat almost drove me crazy even though I was wearing very thin cotton trousers to keep me cool. The heat almost made me m
15、ad even if I was wearing very thin cotton trousers in order to keep me cool.重重 点点 句句 型型5.By 27 BC, Rome had become an empire, which controlled many parts of Europe. By 27 BC, Rome had turned empire. The empire controlled many parts of Europe.重重 点点 句句 型型.汉译英1.由于首都也已经被敌军占领，这个国家就要承认战败了。(with; admit los
16、s of the war) With the capital city taken over by the enemy, the country would soon admit loss of the war.2. 随着经济的稳步增长，越来越多的就业岗位(job)也出现了。(with; create) With the economy steadily growing, more and more jobs are created.重重 点点 句句 型型3. 整个镇子一片狼藉，重建需要至少5年时间。(with; take) With the town in a total mess, it
17、will take at least five years to rebuild it.4. 到晚上9点的时候，大楼已经完全被烧掉了，只剩下两个大石柱(stone pillar)。(by; burn; with) By 9 pm., the whole building had been burnt up, with only two big stone pillars remaining / left.重重 点点 句句 型型重重 点点 单单 词词1、辨析 remain, stay(1)remain与stay表示“留下，继续保持某一状态”时，常作连系动词，可以互换，其后接名词、形容词、介词短语
18、等作表语。(2)当表示“剩下”(即其余的一切都被拿走、除去、破坏等)，通常只用remain而不用stay。(3)当表示“在某处或在某处住下”时，常用stay而不用remain。(4)remains n(常用复数)所剩下的，遗留下的东西重重 点点 单单 词词He stayed / remained outside while we entered the room. 他留在外面，我们进了屋子。What remains of the orginal art collection is now in the city museum. 原来的艺术收藏品剩下来的现在都在市博物馆里。He wants to
19、 stay_with_a_friend in the country for a week. 他想和一个朋友在乡下待一个星期。重重 点点 单单 词词The_remains_of_the_meal are in the fridge. 剩下的饭菜在冰箱里。With only 20 dollars remaining in his wallet, he couldnt order even a decent supper. 钱包里只剩下20美元了，他连一份像样的晚餐也买不了。重重 点点 单单 词词Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the pla
20、ne has come to a complete stop. A. seated B. seatingC. to seat D. seat A 句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之后再离开座位。考查非谓语动词作表语。remain“仍然是，保持不变”，是连系动词，后接不定式表示将要发生的动作，seat是及物动词，“使某人就座”为seat oneself，故用过去分词作表语。解解解解析析析析重重 点点 单单 词词2、protect vt.保护(使不受的影响或破坏)。其常用句型为：protectfrom / against， from / against后接能带来伤害或损害之物。He wor
21、e a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes (from / against) strong light. 他戴上太阳镜以保护他的眼睛不受强光影响。In this shelter, the injured birds are_protected_from human hunting. 在这个栖身之处，受伤的鸟儿们不会受到人类的猎杀。重重 点点 单单 词词At minus 130, a living cell can be _ for a thousand years. A. spared B. protectedC. preserved D. devel
22、oped C 句意：在130，一个活细胞可以保存1000年。考查动词词义辨析。A抽出；B保护；C保护，保存；D发展，研制。根据句意选C。解解解解析析析析重重 点点 单单 词词3、 influence v. 影响,感化 n. 影响力,感化力,势力,权势,为不可数名词。Dont let me influence_your_decision. 不要让我影响你的决定。Listening to the music has a calming influence on her. 听音乐对她起了一种镇静的作用。重重 点点 单单 词词According to Freud, ones childhood exp
23、erience will have_a_huge_influence_on their ideas of life when they are adults. 根据弗洛伊德的说法，一个人年少时的经历会对其成年后的思想产生很大影响。重重 点点 单单 词词 have a good / badinfluence on / upon / over 对有好的/坏的影响 under the influence of 受的影响 influence sb. (to do sth.) 支配/左右某人做某事 表示“对有影响”还可以用： affect / influence; haveeffect on / upo
24、n 但要注意,强调“因果关系”时,用cause and effect。拓展拓展重重 点点 单单 词词China has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influenceC. impression D. knowledge A 句意：在抗击流感中，中国以细心和顺利的组织而获得良好的声誉。考查名词词义辨析。A声誉；B影响；C印象；D知识。注意它们与介词的搭配，havereputation for，have influence o
25、n，make an impression on，have a good knowledge of。解解解解析析析析重重 点点 短短 语语1、be in use (机器、场所等)在使用中Seriously damaged, the bridge is no longer in use. 因受到严重损坏,这座桥不再使用了。The new version of this dictionary is not in use yet. 这本字典的新版本还未通行。重重 点点 短短 语语(1)与名词use相关的短语还有：come into use 开始存在;开始被使用be no use (to sb.)/be
26、 of no use 无用put sth. to good use 有效使用/利用make use of 利用(2)in +抽象名词构成的短语还有：in turn 轮流地，反过来;in vain徒劳无功地; in addition除此之外;in return作为回报。拓展拓展重重 点点 短短 语语The library of our school, which contains books of all kinds from home and abroad, _ for almost 100 years.A. is in use B. has been in useC. in for use
27、D. has been for use B 表示“在使用中”用be in use, 根据句中的时间状语for almost 100 years, 可知需要用现在完成时态。解解解解析析析析重重 点点 短短 语语2、 take over 接管，接替，接任When she fell ill her daughter took_over the business from her. 她生病时她女儿接管了她的生意。Mr. Collins will take over my duties for a week after I leave. 在我离开后柯林斯先生将接替我的工作一个星期。重重 点点 短短 语语
28、After the UK ruled Hong Kong for 100 years, China took_over_this_area,_which was already an international financial center. 英国统治了香港100年后，中国接管了这个已经成为一个国际金融中心的地区。重重 点点 短短 语语 与take相关的短语有：take after sb. 与某人在性格或相貌上相似take off 脱去(衣服)；起飞；(理念，产品等)成功take on 承担(工作、责任等)；呈现；雇佣，聘用take up 开始从事(某工作或爱好)；占(时间、场所等)tak
29、e in 吸收；理解；领会；欺骗take back 收回；退回(事物)拓展拓展重重 点点 短短 语语Einstein liked Boses paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German.A. gave off B. turned downC. took over D. set aside D 句意：Einstein非常喜欢Bose的论文，便把自己的工作置于一旁，把论文翻译成德语。考查动词短语辨析。A发出；B拒绝，调低；C接管；D不顾，把置于一旁。根据句意选D。解解解解析析析析重重 点点 短短 语语3、 t
30、urn to变成(=turn into);转向;翻到;求助于Their amusement turned to horror when they realized what had happened.当他们意识到发生了什么事情时，他们的愉悦变成了恐慌。The girl always turns to her mother when in trouble.这个女孩遇到困境时，总是向她妈妈求助。重重 点点 短短 语语turn 的相关短语：turn on 打开，发动turn off 关闭，完成turn up 出现，调大turn down 关小，拒绝turn away 拒绝，避开，走开，转身turn
31、in 上交，退还，向内拐turn out 结果是，制造，向外，驱逐拓展拓展重重 点点 短短 语语turn over 翻转，仔细考虑，移交turn against 背叛，违反，翻脸turn back 往回走，翻起，折转turn around / round 转身turn a blind eye to 对熟视无睹turn a deaf ear to 置若罔闻turning point 转折点，转向处拓展拓展重重 点点 短短 语语 What are you reading, Tom? Im not really reading, just _ the pages. A. turning off B.
32、 turning aroundC. turning over D. turning up C 句意：汤姆，你在读什么？我没在真正地读，只是在随便翻翻。考查动词短语辨析。A关掉；B转变，转身；C翻转，翻身，翻阅；D出现，开大音量。根据句意选C。解解解解析析析析重重 点点 短短 语语4、be off to 前往They were off to Italy (= leaving for Italy) and wanted to make an early start.他们将前往意大利，并且想要早点出发。重重 点点 短短 语语off的相关短语：go off 走开set off 出发，动身，引起，使发生
33、get off 离开，发出，(使)入睡，匆匆脱下call off 把叫走，取消，转移give off 发出(光、气体等)，放出show off 炫耀break off 中断，停止，断交，脱离拓展拓展重重 点点 短短 语语5、run through 跑着穿过；(使)在流过；反复练习，复习；匆匆阅读，贯穿于之中；挥霍Run through your notes before class. 上课前把笔记复习一下。This theme runs through the whole book. 该主题贯穿全书。The heir soon run through his fortune. 那个继承人很快就
34、把财产挥霍完了。重重 点点 短短 语语 get through 完成，到达，接通电话，结束，及格 go through 检查，审查，搜查，完成，做完，练习，遭受，经受，经历，穿过，通过 see through 看破，看穿 look through 浏览，快速查看拓展拓展重重 点点 短短 语语The girl is working very hard， expecting to _ the test.A. get through B. see throughC. look through D. run through A 句意：这女孩正在努力学习，希望通过考试。A通过，及格；B看穿；C浏览；D流
35、过，贯穿。根据句意选A。解解解解析析析析重重 点点 短短 语语6、prevent sb. from doing sth. (= stop/keep sb. from doing sth. )防止/阻止某人做 在主动语态中，prevent / stop sb. from doing 中的from 可以省略，但是在被动语态中不可以省。keep sb. from doing sth. 中的from主动、被动语态中都不能省，因为keep sb. doing 意为“使某人不停地做某事”。重重 点点 短短 语语The heavy rain prevented/stopped her (from) goin
36、g out. = The heavy rain kept her from going out.She was prevented from going out by the heavy rain.大雨阻止了她出去。重重 点点 短短 语语As citizens, we should do what we can to prevent our river _ .A. from polluted B. from pollutingC. polluting D. being polluted D 句意：作为市民，我们应该尽力防止我们的河流被污染。A中from后要加being才对。“河流被污染”表被动
37、，故选D。解解解解析析析析疑疑 难难 句句 型型 By 27 BC, Rome had become an empire, which controlled many parts of Europe. 到公元前27年，罗马已经成为帝国，控制了欧洲的许多地区。 句子中有by +过去时间的时间状语以及by the time +过去时的时间状语从句，谓语动词使用过去完成时。By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.到爱因斯坦14岁时，他已经自学了高等数学。疑疑 难难 句句
38、 型型When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up, her voice had been full of life. (09北京)A. were hanging B. had hungC. hung D. would hang疑疑 难难 句句 型型 C 句意：当我与奶奶在电话中交谈时，她的声音听起来很虚弱，但到我们挂断电话时，她的声音已经充满了活力。考查动词时态。据题干her voice had been full of life为过去的过去，因此我们挂断电话为过去的动作。by the time +一般过去时的从句，主句用过去完成时，表示“到时候为止，已经”。解解解解析析析析
