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1、100100 个最最常用医学词根和词缀个最最常用医学词根和词缀Table 1 Examples of organs and systemsTable 1 Examples of organs and systems 部分器官与系统术语部分器官与系统术语中文中文普通普通词根词根/ /前前/ /后后形容词形容词例如例如缀缀心心cardiologycardiology 心脏病学心脏病学1 1heartheartcardiocardiocardiaccardiacendocarditisendocarditis 心内膜炎心内膜炎cardialcardialmyocarditismyocarditis
2、心肌炎心肌炎2 2脑脑brainbrain3 34 45 5颅颅肺肺肝肝skullskulllunglungliverliver6 6肾肾kidneykidney7 78 8胃胃肠肠stomachstomach9 9101011111212131314141515intestineintestinegutgutbowelbowel食食 道道 / /esophagusesophagus管管胆胆BileBile汁汁脾脾spleenspleen胰胰膀胱膀胱pancreaspancreasbladderbladdercystcyst泌泌urineurine尿尿直肠直肠rectusrectuscereb
3、rumcerebrum 大脑大脑cerebellumcerebellum 小脑小脑encephalopathyencephalopathy 脑病脑病intracranialintracranial 颅内的颅内的craniocraniocranialcranialPulmoPulmopulmonarypulmonarypulmonologypulmonology 肺病学肺病学pulmonitispulmonitis 肺炎肺炎pulmonopulmonohepatitishepatitis 肝炎肝炎hepatohepatohepatichepatichepatobiliaryhepatobilia
4、ry 肝胆的肝胆的hepatoenterostomyhepatoenterostomy 肝肝 肠肠吻合吻合nephritisnephritis 肾炎肾炎nephronephrorenalrenalnephropathynephropathy 肾病肾病nephrectomynephrectomy 肾切除肾切除gastritisgastritis 胃炎胃炎gastrogastrogastricgastricgastrectomygastrectomy 胃切除胃切除enteritisenteritis 肠炎肠炎enteroenterointestinalintestinalgastroenterit
5、isgastroenteritis 胃肠炎胃肠炎enterostomyenterostomy 肠造口术肠造口术esophagoesophagoesophagealesophagealesophagitisesophagitis 食道炎食道炎esophagoscopyesophagoscopy 食道镜食道镜cholecystitischolecystitis 胆囊炎胆囊炎cholecholebiliarybiliarycholesterolcholesterol 胆固醇胆固醇splenectomysplenectomy 脾切除脾切除splenosplenosplenicsplenicspleno
6、megalysplenomegaly 脾大脾大pancreatopancreatopancreaticpancreaticpancreatitispancreatitis 胰腺胰腺pancreatopathypancreatopathy 胰腺病胰腺病cystitiscystitis 膀胱炎膀胱炎cystocystocysticcysticcystographycystography 膀胱造影膀胱造影urologyurology 泌尿病学泌尿病学urourourinaryurinarytransurethraltransurethral 经尿道的经尿道的urethrourethrorectosc
7、opyrectoscopy 直肠镜检查直肠镜检查rectorectorectalrectalrectoplastyrectoplasty 直肠成形术直肠成形术rectocolitisrectocolitis 直肠结肠炎直肠结肠炎cerebrocerebrocerebralcerebralencephaloencephalo16161717181819192020结肠结肠肌肌关节关节骨骨髓髓coloncolonmusclemusclejointjointbonebonemarrowmarrowcolocolomyomyoarthroarthroosteoosteomyelomyelocolona
8、lcolonalmuscularmusculararticulararticular2121222223232424252526262727血血血管血管动脉动脉静脉静脉神经神经细胞细胞眼眼bloodbloodvesselvesselarteryarteryveinveinnervenervecellcelleyeeyehematohematovasovasoangioangioarterioarteriovenovenoneuroneurocytocytoophthalmophthalmo ooculooculoaudioaudiorhinorhinonasonasooroorolinguol
9、inguolaryngolaryngopharyngopharyngo/ /tracheotracheo/ /hematichematicvascularvasculararterialarterialvenousvenousnervousnervouscellularcellularocularocularvisualvisualauditoryauditoryaudibleaudiblenasalnasaloralorallinguallinguallaryngeallaryngealpharyngealpharyngealtrachealtrachealcolitiscolitis 结肠
10、炎结肠炎colostomycolostomy 结肠造口结肠造口myocarditismyocarditis 心肌炎心肌炎myomamyoma 肌瘤肌瘤arthritisarthritis 关节炎关节炎arthropathyarthropathy 关节病关节病osteoarthritisosteoarthritis 骨关节炎骨关节炎osteoplastyosteoplasty 骨整形骨整形myelomamyeloma 骨髓瘤骨髓瘤myelitismyelitis 骨髓炎骨髓炎myelopathymyelopathy 骨髓病骨髓病hematologyhematology 血液学血液学hematom
11、ahematoma 血肿血肿vasopressinvasopressin 血管加压素血管加压素angiographyangiography 血管造影血管造影arteriosclerosisarteriosclerosis 动脉硬化动脉硬化IntravenousIntravenous 静脉内的静脉内的neuronneuron 神经元神经元neuromaneuroma 神经瘤神经瘤cytologycytology 细胞学细胞学leukocyteleukocyte 白细胞白细胞ophthalmologyophthalmology 眼科学眼科学ophthalmitisophthalmitis 眼炎眼炎
12、AudiometerAudiometer 听力计听力计audiosurgeryaudiosurgery 耳外科耳外科rhinorrhearhinorrhea 鼻溢鼻溢nasogastricnasogastric 鼻胃的鼻胃的orolingualorolingual 口舌的口舌的sublingualsublingual 舌下的舌下的laryngectomylaryngectomy 喉切除喉切除laryngitislaryngitis 喉炎喉炎pharyngitispharyngitis 咽炎咽炎tracheostomytracheostomy 气管插管气管插管tracheoscopetrache
13、oscope 气管镜气管镜tracheoesophagealtracheoesophageal气气 管管食道的食道的psychosomaticepsychosomatice 身心的身心的chromosomechromosome 染色体染色体psychologypsychology 心理学心理学psychosispsychosis 精神病精神病2828292930303131323233333434耳耳鼻鼻口口舌舌喉喉earearnosenosemouthmouthtonguetonguethroatthroat咽咽throatthroat气气 管管 / /AirwayAirway道道pipep
14、ipepassagepassage体体精神精神bodybodymindmind35353636-some-some/some-/some-psycho-psycho-physicalphysicalmentalmentalTable 2 Examples of diseased states (Table 2 Examples of diseased states (部分病态术语部分病态术语) )含义含义词跟词跟/ /前前/ /后后例如例如缀缀pathogenpathogen 病原体病原体 / pathology/ pathology 病理学病理学3737病病patho-patho-encep
15、halopathyencephalopathy 脑病脑病-pathy-pathyneurosisneurosis 神经病神经病 / tuberculosis/ tuberculosis 结核结核3838病态病态-osis-osisleukocytosisleukocytosis 白细胞增多症白细胞增多症3939增多增多-osis-osispancytopeniapancytopenia 全血细胞减少全血细胞减少4040减少减少-penia-peniaarthritisarthritis 关节炎关节炎 / hepatitis/ hepatitis 肝炎肝炎4141炎症炎症-it is-it is
16、lymphomalymphoma 淋巴瘤淋巴瘤 / carcinoma/ carcinoma 癌癌4242肿块肿块-oma-omaarthralgiaarthralgia 关节痛关节痛 / analgesia/ analgesia 止痛止痛4343疼痛疼痛-algia-algia-algesia-algesialeukemialeukemia 白血病白血病 / bacteremia/ bacteremia 菌血症菌血症4444血症血症-emia-emiahemiplegiahemiplegia 偏瘫偏瘫 / myoplegia/ myoplegia 肌肉麻痹肌肉麻痹4545麻痹麻痹-plegi
17、a-plegiahepatonecrosishepatonecrosis 肝坏死肝坏死 / / necroticnecrotic 坏死坏死4646坏死坏死necronecro-necrosis-necrosis的的malnutritionmalnutrition 营养不良营养不良 / / malfunctionmalfunction 功功4747不良不良mal-mal-能障碍能障碍, ,diarrheadiarrhea 腹泻腹泻 /menorrhea/menorrhea 月经月经4848流出流出-rrhea-rrheadysfunctiondysfunction 功能障碍功能障碍 / / dy
18、spneadyspnea 呼吸困呼吸困4949困难困难/ /障碍障碍dys-dys-难难 / dysuria/ dysuria 排尿困难排尿困难atypicalatypical 不典型的不典型的 / / asymptomaticasymptomatic 无症无症5050无无a a状的状的 / anuria/ anuria 无尿无尿 / /analgesiaanalgesia 止痛止痛an-an-polyuriapolyuria 多尿多尿 / polyopia/ polyopia 视物显多症视物显多症5151复合复合/ /多多poly-poly-splenomegalysplenomegaly
19、脾大脾大 / / acromegalyacromegaly 肢端肢端5252巨巨-megaly-megaly肥大症肥大症cholelithescholelithes 胆结石胆结石 / lithiasis/ lithiasis 结石病结石病5353结石结石litholitho-lith-lith5454硬化硬化-sclerosis-sclerosisAthrosclerosisAthrosclerosis动动 脉脉 粥粥 样样 硬硬 化化/ /arteriosclerosisarteriosclerosis 动脉硬化动脉硬化Table 3 Examples of surgical termino
20、logyTable 3 Examples of surgical terminology 部分外科术语部分外科术语含义含义前前/ /后缀后缀例如例如5555切除切除-ectomy-ectomygastrectomygastrectomy 胃切除胃切除5656切开切开-otomy-otomycraniotomycraniotomy 开颅手术开颅手术5757造口造口/ /吻合吻合-stomy-stomycolostomycolostomy 结肠造口结肠造口orthopedicsorthopedics 骨科骨科5858整矫形整矫形ortho-ortho-5959造影、描绘造影、描绘- -graphy
21、graphyangiographyangiography 血管造影血管造影/ / radiographyradiography拍片拍片transurethraltransurethral经经尿尿道道的的/ /6060经经/ / 横向横向trans-trans-transcutaneoustranscutaneous经经皮皮的的/ /6161成形成形-plasty-plastytransfusiontransfusion 输血输血esophagoplastyesophagoplasty 食道成形术食道成形术Table 4 Examples of directions and positions
22、(Table 4 Examples of directions and positions (部分方向位置部分方向位置) )含义含义普通普通前前/ /后缀后缀例如例如epigastricepigastric上上 腹腹 部部 的的 / /6262上上Upper,Upper,epi- , supra-epi- , supra-supraclavicularsupraclavicular 锁骨上的锁骨上的superiorsuperiorsubclavicularsubclavicular 锁锁骨下的骨下的/ /6363下下lower, inferiorlower, inferiorinfra-, s
23、ub-infra-, sub-inferiorinferior venavena cavacava 下腔静下腔静脉脉6464前前front,front,anterior,anterior,fore-,fore-,ante,ante,foreheadforehead前前额额/ /priorpriorpre-, antero,pre-, antero,anteroposterioranteroposterior 前后的前后的/ /正正位的位的6565后后back,back,post-,post-,retro-,retro-,postprandialpostprandial餐餐 后后 的的 / /r
24、etroperitonealretroperitoneal 腹膜后的腹膜后的posterior, rearposterior, rearpostero-postero-吸吸入入/ /6666内内inner, internalinner, internalIn-, intra, endo,In-, intra, endo,InhalationInhalationendoscopeendoscope内内 窥窥 镜镜/ /ento-ento-intracranialintracranial 颅内的颅内的extractextract 提提取取/ / excretionexcretion6767外外ou
25、ter, externalouter, externalex-, exo-ex-, exo-排泄排泄 / exocardial/ exocardial 心外的心外的bilateralbilateral双双侧侧的的/ /6868侧侧laterallateralunilateralunilateral单单侧侧的的/ /contralateralcontralateral 对侧的对侧的parathyroidparathyroid甲甲 状状 旁旁 腺腺 / /6969旁旁/ /副副adjacent,adjacent,para-para-paracancerparacancer 癌旁癌旁appendix
26、appendixPerioperativePerioperative围围 术术 的的/ /7070周周peripheral,peripheral,peri-peri-perinatalperinatal 围产的围产的aroundaroundintercostalintercostal肋肋间间的的/ /7171间间betweenbetweeninter-inter-intercedllularintercedllular 细胞间的细胞间的离离心心/ /7272中心中心CentralCentralcentro-, centri-centro-, centri-centrifugecentrifug
27、ecentronucleuscentronucleus 中心核中心核Table 5 Examples of cells and colorsTable 5 Examples of cells and colors 部分细胞与颜色部分细胞与颜色含义含义词根词根/ /前前/ /后缀后缀例如例如chromosomechromosome 染色体染色体 / / cromolyncromolyn 色苷酸色苷酸7373色色chromo / cromochromo / cromo钠钠erythrocyteerythrocyte 红细胞红细胞 / / erythromycinerythromycin 红霉红霉7
28、474红红erythroerythro素素leukocyteleukocyte 白细胞白细胞 / leukemia/ leukemia 白血病白血病7575白白LeukoLeukoMelanomaMelanoma 黑色素瘤黑色素瘤/ melena/ melena 黑便黑便7676黑黑MelanoMelanocyanosiscyanosis 紫绀紫绀7777青、青、蓝蓝CyanoCyanolymphocytelymphocyte 淋巴细胞淋巴细胞 / / lymphomalymphoma 淋巴淋巴7878淋巴淋巴lymphlymph瘤瘤granulocytegranulocyte 粒细胞粒细胞
29、/ / granulocytosisgranulocytosis 粒粒7979粒粒GranuloGranulo细胞增多细胞增多fibroblastfibroblast 成纤细胞成纤细胞8080成成细细blastblast8181828283838484胞胞网状网状嗜嗜碱碱的的嗜嗜酸酸的的凝凝血血的的ReticuloReticulobasi, baso, alkalobasi, baso, alkaloeosino, acidoeosino, acidoThromboThromboreticulocytereticulocyte 网状细胞网状细胞basophilbasophil 嗜碱性粒细胞嗜碱
30、性粒细胞eosinocyte, eosinophileosinocyte, eosinophil 嗜酸性粒细胞嗜酸性粒细胞thrombocytethrombocyte 凝凝 血血 细细 胞胞 = = 血血 小小 板板plateletplateletTable 6 Examples of compounds (Table 6 Examples of compounds (部分化合物部分化合物) )含义含义前前/ /后缀后缀例如例如sulfatesulfate 硫酸盐硫酸盐 / nitrate/ nitrate 硝酸盐硝酸盐8585 酸酸 -ate-ate盐盐alcoholalcohol 酒精酒精
31、 / / taxoltaxol 紫杉醇紫杉醇 / / ethanolethanol8686醇醇-ol-ol乙醇乙醇methylalmethylal 甲缩醛甲缩醛 / retinal/ retinal 视黄醛视黄醛8787醛醛-al-alglycogenglycogen 糖糖 原原/ / glucoseglucose 葡葡 萄萄 糖糖/ /8888糖糖-saccharide,-saccharide,glyco-,glyco-,gluco-,gluco-,saccharidesaccharide 糖糖 / polysaccharide/ polysaccharide 多糖多糖saccharo-sa
32、ccharo-transaminasetransaminase 转氨酶转氨酶 / reductase/ reductase复原酶复原酶8989酶酶-ase-aseheparinheparin 肝素肝素 / nuclein/ nuclein 核素核素9090素素-in-inantigenantigen 抗原抗原 / collagen/ collagen 胶原胶原9191原原-gen-genPhenolPhenol 酚石炭酸酚石炭酸/ phenate/ phenate 酚盐酚盐9292苯基苯基/ /酚酚phenol-phenol-Amino acidAmino acid 氨基酸氨基酸 / anin
33、osuria/ aninosuria 氨尿氨尿9393氨基氨基amino-amino-Table 7 Examples of numbers (Table 7 Examples of numbers (部分数目部分数目) )前前/ /后缀后缀例如例如monocytemonocyte 单核细胞单核细胞94941 1Mono-Mono-carboncarbon dioxidedioxide 二氧化碳二氧化碳 / / bilateralbilateral 双双95952 2bi-, di-bi-, di-侧侧tripletriple 三倍三倍 / tricyclic/ tricyclic 三环类的三
34、环类的96963 3tri-tri-tetracyclinetetracycline 四环素四环素 / tetralogy/ tetralogy 四联症四联症97974 4Tetra-Tetra-PentagonPentagon 五角大楼五角大楼 / / pentapeptidepentapeptide 五五98985 5penta-penta-肽肽macroscopicmacroscopic 肉眼的肉眼的, , 宏观的宏观的9999大，宏大，宏macro-macro-观观microscopicmicroscopic 显微镜的显微镜的, , 微观的微观的100100小，微小，微micro-micro-观观
