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1、高考英语书面表达中的常见错误高考英语书面表达中的常见错误 写作是对学生运用英语的综合能力写作是对学生运用英语的综合能力的考查，是最能体现学生英语水平的一的考查，是最能体现学生英语水平的一种检测方式。我们的学生在写作的过程种检测方式。我们的学生在写作的过程当中经常暴露一些弱点、犯一些错误。当中经常暴露一些弱点、犯一些错误。现对学生作文中的常见错误进行简要归现对学生作文中的常见错误进行简要归纳，粗分类别，并举以实例。纳，粗分类别，并举以实例。 （一）名词（一）名词 写写作作中中，学学生生们们常常把把握握不不好好名名词词的的数数、所所有有格格以以及及一一些些集集合合名名词词的用法。的用法。 1. H
2、e gave me a very good advice yesterday. 句中的句中的a要去掉，因为要去掉，因为advice是不是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加前加a piece of，类似的词有：，类似的词有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。等等。 2. That girl loves reading book. 可数名词单数不能孤零零地放可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词，或将
3、其在句子里，或前面加冠词，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为变为复数。此处最好变为books. 3. He went into a books shop and bought a dictionary. 一般表示有生命的东西的名词的一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用所有格用s，如，如my mothers car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为a book shop. 4. My family is watching TV. 一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如用单数的谓语动词，如My family is a happy o
4、ne; 如强调集合中每个个体的如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，则用复数的谓语动词。此处个人行为，则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把看电视是个体行为，应把is改为改为are。类似的词有：类似的词有：team, class, audience等。等。 5I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket. 初初高高中中阶阶段段以以“o”结结尾尾的的名名词词中中有有四四个个词词变变复复数数时时要要加加es，它它们们是是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其其余的都加余的都加s变为复数。变为复数。 6This ha
5、s nothing to do with their believes.（这和他们的信仰没关系。）（这和他们的信仰没关系。） 以以f, fe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去结尾的词变为复数时一般去f, fe 加加ves，如，如knifeknives, thiefthieves; 而而roof 和和belief直接加直接加s变为变为复数。所以应把复数。所以应把believes改为改为beliefs. （二）冠词（二）冠词 7The boss wants to hire an useful person. 用用a还还是是an，取取决决于于后后面面单单词词的的第第一一个音标，如为元音用个音标，如为元音用a
6、n，为辅音用，为辅音用a。 useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为改为a。类似的，我们说。类似的，我们说a European country. 8Plane is a machine that can fly. Plane为可数名词单数，不能单为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应在其前加冠词或把它独放在句中，应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有变为复数，而本句后有a machine, 因因此只能在其前面加此只能在其前面加a，变为，变为A plane。 9He played a piano at the party yesterday. 把把a 改为改为the
7、，因为乐器前用，因为乐器前用定冠词。定冠词。 10The machine was invented in 1920s. 在在in后加后加the，因为表示年代用，因为表示年代用in加加the再加几十的复数，如在八十年再加几十的复数，如在八十年代代in the 80s。 11Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day. 去去掉掉the，因因为为表表示示交交通通方方式式用用by直接加交通工具。直接加交通工具。 （三）代词（三）代词 使用代词时请注意其单、复数，使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词
8、性物主代词的用法。词性物主代词的用法。 12He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear. 定语从句的先行词是定语从句的先行词是those speakers，为复数，因此从句中的指，为复数，因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把示代词应为复数，应把his改为改为their。 13 Whom do you think has left the lights on？ 放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与
9、句子成分，把它们去等都不参与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉语用宾格。本句中去掉do you think后缺后缺的是主语，应把的是主语，应把Whom改为改为Who。 14The boss pretended not to see John and I. John和和I在句中都做的宾语，应在句中都做的宾语，应把把I 改为改为me。 15These books are mine; those in the bag are her. Her是形容词性物主代词，后面应是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名词该加名词books，或把
10、，或把her 改为改为hers。 （四）数词（四）数词 16There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等词前有具体数字时后不加等词前有具体数字时后不加s，前，前面没有具体数字时在其后加面没有具体数字时在其后加s 和和of，表示，表示大约几百几千的概念。如大约几百几千的概念。如 two hundred students（两百个学生），（两百个学生），hundreds of students（成百上千个学生）。例句（成百上千个学生）。例句中应把中应把hu
11、ndreds 改为改为hundred。 17Their school is twice as larger as our school. 表倍数关系的表倍数关系的as-as中间只能用中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。因此把形容词或副词的原级。因此把larger改改为为large. 18 Todays homework is a five-hundred-words composition. 几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数，所以把合形容词中的名词只能用单数，所以把five-hundred-words改为改为five-hundred-word.
12、19Two third of the students in our school are from America. 英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母后分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母后要加要加s，所以就把，所以就把third 改为改为thirds. （五）形容词和副词（五）形容词和副词 形容词和副词容易被误用，形容形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注意的重点。意的重点。 20The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the
13、doctor. appear在此是个系动词，其后应接在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把形容词作表语。所以把nervously改为改为nervous. 21 The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time. 此句需要一个副词来修饰，此句需要一个副词来修饰，hardly是副词，但意为是副词，但意为“几乎不几乎不”，hard 也也可以是副词，表努力，因此把可以是副词，表努力，因此把 hardly 改为改为hard. 22This shirt is more cheaper than that one. More只只构构成成比比
14、较较级级，而而不不能能修修饰饰比较级。因此把比较级。因此把more去掉。去掉。 23He is the most successful of the two businessmen. 两者相比较时，比较级前用定两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者以上才用冠词，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把因此把most改为改为more. 24He works less harder than he used to. 表不如表不如 时用时用less加上形容词和副加上形容词和副词的原级，因此把词的原级，因此把harder改为改为hard. 25 The book is fairly more inter
15、esting than that one. fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有：级，可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把等，因此把fairly改为改为rather. 26This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine. as as中中间间的的词词序序是是as加加上上形形容容词词加加上上a(n)加加上上名名词词再再加加上上
16、as，因因此此应应改改为为as interesting a story as the one.27The weather here is nicer than Xizang. 同样的事物才能相比较，同样的事物才能相比较，weather和和Xizang不具有可比性，因此应改为不具有可比性，因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.28Tom studies English harder than any student in his class. Tom 属于他班级里的一员，与班属于他班级里的一员，与班里任何一个人相比时应把本身排除掉，
17、里任何一个人相比时应把本身排除掉，在在 any 后加上后加上 other. 29I would rather take a train than went by bus. 这个词组为这个词组为would rather do than do ，因此把，因此把went改为改为go. 30Is there interesting anything at the meeting? 修修饰饰anything, something, every-thing, nothing的的形形容容词词都都要要放放在在它它们们的后面。的后面。 31 I never have seen such a person bef
18、ore. 像像never之之类类的的副副词词在在句句中中应应放放在在be动动词词、助助动动词词之之后后，实实意意动动词词之之前前。因因为为应应改改为为I have never seen such a person before.32The book is worth to be read. be worth doing 意为值得被做。因意为值得被做。因此改为此改为The book is worth reading. 33It is sure that he will succeed. sure 的主语只能为人，而的主语只能为人，而certain的的主语可为人和物。因此把主语可为人和物。因此把s
19、ure改为改为certain. 34He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present. alive 为表语形容词，偶尔也做后为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此把置定语。因此把alive改为改为living，或，或把把alive 放在放在writers后面。后面。 35 I dont know that he has finished the work yet. yet 用用于于否否定定和和疑疑问问句句，already用于肯定句。把用于肯定句。把yet 改为改为already.36He said nearly nothing
20、at the meeting. nearly 不与否定词用在同一个句不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而子中，而almost可以。因此把可以。因此把nearly 改为改为almost. （六）介词（六）介词 37He usually goes to school by his fathers car. by加加上上名名词词表表示示一一种种交交通通方方式式，中中间间什什么么都都不不加加，如如by car, by bus, by plane等等；如如果果名名词词前前有有其其他他的的词词修修饰饰，则则应应除除by以以外外的的其其他他介介词词，此此处把处把by改为改为in. 38Please wait me
21、 at the school gate. wait为为不不及及物物动动词词，需需加加介介词词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。39 He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years. marry不不跟跟 with连连用用，应应把把with改为改为to。40I finished the work on time under the help of him. “在在的的帮帮助助下下”用用with而而不不用用under。 （七）情态动词（七）情态动词 41 He can be at home now bec
22、ause the light in his room is still on. 表表特特别别有有把把握握的的肯肯定定判判断断时时用用must，表表特特别别有有把把握握的的否否定定判判断断时时用用can, can表表判判断断时时只只用用在在否否定定句句中中。因此把因此把can 改为改为must。 42He need come here before the meeting begins. 作作情情态态动动词词时时need用用在在否否定定，疑疑问问和和条条件件句句中中，不不能能用用于于肯肯定定句句中中，而而作作实实意意动动词词时时则则可可以以。所所以以应应改改为为：He needs to come
23、 here before the meeting begins. 43He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so. used to 用用来来表表示示过过去去常常常常做做某某事事而而现现在在不不了了，所所以以应应把把后后半半句句改改为为：but now he is not doing so. 44 I neednt come yesterday because all the work had been finished. 由由于于情情态态动动词词本本身身不不体体现现时时态态，所所以以在在谈谈
24、论论过过去去的的事事情情时时在在情情态态动动词词后后加加 have done，因因此此在在 neednt 后加后加have。 45You hadnt better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow. had better 的的否否定定在在 better 后后面加面加not. （八）动词的时态（八）动词的时态 英英语语的的常常用用时时态态有有十十六六种种，一一般般根根据上下文和时间状语来确定时态。据上下文和时间状语来确定时态。 46I will tell her about that when she will
25、come tomorrow. 主主句句为为将将来来时时，其其时时间间、条条件件、方方式式和和让让步步状状语语从从句句中中用用一一般般现现在在时。因此将时。因此将will come改为改为comes。 47The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes. be about to 一一般般不不与与具具体体的的时时间间状状语语连连用用。因因此此把把 in ten minutes 去掉。去掉。 48The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died. 此此处处lo
26、ok并并非非伴伴随随状状语语，而而是是三三个个并并列列的的谓谓语语动动词词，因因此此把把looking 改改为为looked。 49I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now. 当当句句中中有有for加加一一段段时时间间作作状状语语时时，谓谓语语动动词词必必须须为为延延续续性性动动词词，此此处处把把bought改为改为kept。 50I havent learnt any English before I came here. 我我来来这这儿儿已已经经是是过过去去的的动动作作，在在此此之之前前发发生生的的事
27、事应应该该用用过过去去完完成成时时。因此应把因此应把havent改为改为hadnt。 （九）动词的语态（九）动词的语态 及及物物动动词词用用在在主主动动语语态态时时要要有有宾宾语语，因因此此可可以以变变为为被被动动语语态态；不不及及物物动动词词用用于于主主动动语语态态时时不不能能接接宾宾语语，因因此此无无被被动动语态。语态。 51The two thieves have been disappeared. disappear 为为不不及及物物动动词词，因因此此不不能能用用于于被被动动语语态态。所所以以把把 been去去掉。掉。 52The building built now will be
28、our teaching building. 表表“现现在在正正在在建建的的”应应用用被被动动语语态态的的正正在在进进行行时时，因因此此在在built 前前加加being。 53He is being operated by the famous doctor. 主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，应应注注意意短短语语动动词词的的完完整整性性，别别忘忘了了介介词词或或副副词词。“给给做做手手术术”应应为为operate on sb，所以在，所以在operated 后加上后加上on。 54I wonder if the doctor has been sent. 原因同上，应在原因同上
29、，应在sent 后加上后加上for。 55The book written by him is sold well. 说说一一本本书书畅畅销销是是指指书书本本身身的的属属性性，因因此此不不用用被被动动语语态态。本本句句应应改改为为：The book written by him sells well. 56This history book is worthy reading. “值值得得被被做做”可可以以有有如如下下几几种种说说法法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因因此此本本句句 应应 该该 为为
30、 ： This history book is worthy to be read. （十）非谓语动词（十）非谓语动词 57We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting. 此此处处为为分分词词作作定定语语，问问题题应应该该被被 讨讨 论论 ， 所所 以以 把把 discussing改改 为为discussed。 58The girl dressed herself in red is my sister. dress为为及及物物动动词词，意意为为“给给穿穿衣衣服服”，此此处处为为分分词词作作定定语语修
31、修饰饰girl, girl应应是是它它的的逻逻辑辑宾宾语语，因因此此把把herself去掉。去掉。 59Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital. 分分词词作作状状语语时时，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语为为这这句句话话的的主主语语，此此句句应应为为“因因为为他他病病了了，他他的的同同学学才才把把他他送送到到医医院院去去”，因因此此把把前前半句改为：半句改为：He being seriously ill.60Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize
32、her. 现现在在分分词词的的否否定定应应把把not放放在在现现在在分分词词前前面面，所所以以前前半半句句应应改改为为：Not having seen her for many years. 61 Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball. 分分词词作作状状语语，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语应应是是这这句句话话的的主主语语，此此句句中中地地球球应应该该被被看看，所以把所以把Seeing 改为改为Seen。 62English is easy to learn it. 此此句句中中是是不不定定式式作作状状语语修修饰饰easy, English应
33、应该该是是learn的的逻逻辑辑宾宾语语，所所以以把把it去掉。去掉。 63I will get somebody repair the recorder for you. “让让某某人人做做某某事事”可可以以有有以以下下几几种种表表达达法法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因因此此在在repair 前加前加to。 64She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others. 不不定定式式的的否否定定把把not放放在在to前前面面。因因此此应应改改为为：Sh
34、e decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.65Its better to laugh than crying. 表表比比较较时时比比较较的的双双方方应应为为同同种种结结构构，或或都都是是名名词词或或都都是是不不定定式式。因因此此有有两两种种改改法法：Its better to laugh than to cry 或或 Its better laughing than crying. 66Its no use to send for the doctor. 做做某某事事是是没没用用的的要要说说成成Its no
35、use doing,所所以以把把to send 改改为为sending。 67She practices to play the piano after school every day. practise 后后只只跟跟动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，因此把因此把to play 改为改为playing。 68When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher. stop doing 为为停停止止做做这这件件事事，而而stop to do 为为停停下下来来正正在在做做的的事事去去做做这这件件事事。所所以以后后半半句句应应该该为为：
36、he stopped to listen to the teacher. （十一）名词性从句（十一）名词性从句 69We are talking about if this plan should be carried out. If 和和whether都都可可以以引引导导动动词词的的宾宾语语从从句句，如如果果从从句句做做的的是是介介词词宾宾语语，只只能能用用whether引引导导。所所以以把把if 改改为为whether。 70I can not decide if to stay or not. 只只有有whether才才能能和和不不定定式式搭搭配配使使用。因此把用。因此把if 改为改为w
37、hether。 71My suggestion is we try for a second time. 表表语语从从句句的的引引导导词词如如为为that，一一般不省略。因此在般不省略。因此在we前加上前加上that。 72What will the professor say is not known yet. 名名词词性性从从句句的的语语序序都都是是陈陈述述句句语语序序。因因此此应应改改为为：What the professor will say is not known yet. （十二）状语从句（十二）状语从句 73I will go unless he invites me. 此此句
38、句意意为为“除除非非他他邀邀请请我我，否否则则我我不不去去。”而而unless相相当当于于if not, 所所以以本本句句应应改改成成：I wont go unless he invites me。 74Although he tried, but he still couldnt keep up with the others. although 和和but 不不能能同同时时用用在在一一句话中，去掉任何一个都可以。句话中，去掉任何一个都可以。 75I wont stay until he comes back. 含含有有notuntil的的句句子子的的谓谓语语动动词词应应是是点点动动词词，含
39、含有有until的的肯肯定定句句的的动动词词应应是是延延续续性性动动词词，此此句句有有两两种种改改法法：I will stay until he comes back.或或I wont leave until he comes back. （十三）定语从句（十三）定语从句 76An orphan is a child whos parents are dead. 定定语语从从句句中中表表“的的”引引导导词词只只有有whose，所以把，所以把whos 改为改为whose。 77This is the very thing which I lost yesterday. 如如果果先先行行词词为为物
40、物且且前前有有the only, the last, the very修修饰饰时时，定定语语从从句句的的引导词只能用引导词只能用that。 78This is the car for that I paid a high price. 定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词为为物物，而而且且引引导词放在介词后时，只能用导词放在介词后时，只能用which. 79She is one of the students who has passed the exam. 定定语语从从句句修修饰饰one of 加加上上复复数数名名词词时时，复复数数名名词词是是定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词，因此把因此把 ha
41、s 改为改为have。 80 This is the place where we visited last year. 定定语语从从句句的的先先行行词词用用关关系系代代词词还还是是关关系系副副词词要要看看定定语语从从句句中中缺缺不不缺缺主主语语或或宾宾语语，如如缺缺用用关关系系代代词词，如如不不缺缺用用关关系系副副词词。此此句句中中visit为为及及物物动动词词，后后无无宾宾语，因此把语，因此把where 改为改为which或或that。 81I, who is your friend, can understand you. 定定语语从从句句的的谓谓语语动动词词应应与与其其先先行行词保持一
42、致，因此把词保持一致，因此把is 改为改为am。 82China is a developing country, that is known to all. 非非限限定定性性定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词永永远远不不会会是是that，因因此此把把that 改改为为which 或或as。 （十四）主谓一致（十四）主谓一致 83The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting. poet和和writer共共用用一一个个冠冠词词，指指的的是是一一个个人人身身兼兼二二职职，所所以以谓谓语语动动词词应应为为单数。把单数。把
43、are改为改为is. 84No one except my parents know it. 主主语语后后加加except再再加加上上若若干干数数量量的的名名词词，谓谓语语动动词词和和主主语语保保持持一一致致。所所以以把把know改改为为knows。类类似似的的用用法法的的词词或或 短短 语语 有有 ： but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。等等。 85Your clothes is on the table over there. clothes为为复复数数句句词词，谓谓语语动动词词应为复数。把应为复数。把is
44、改为改为are。 86The number of the students in that school are about one thousand. 此此名名的的主主语语为为number而而不不是是students。因此把。因此把are 改为改为is。 87The class was watching TV when I entered the room. class作作主主语语时时，把把它它看看成成一一个个整整体体时时谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数，看看成成每每一一个个成成员员的的个个体体行行为为时时谓谓语语动动词词用用复复数数。一一般般来来说说，一一些些具具体体行行为为如如看看电电视视、
45、吃吃饭饭、洗洗澡澡等等都都属属于于每每一一个个成成员员的的个个体体行为。此处把行为。此处把was改为改为were。 88The population of our country are increasing slowly now. population 单单独独作作主主语语谓谓语语动动词词经经常常用用单单数数；如如果果其其前前有有分分数数或或百百分分数数，而而且且后后面面又又有有复复数数名名词词时时谓谓语语动动词词用用复复数数。如如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此此处把处把are改为改为is。 （十五）倒装（十五）倒装 8
46、9No sooner he had reached the station than the train left. no sooner 为为否否定定副副词词，放放于于句句首首时时句句子子要要部部分分倒倒装装，因因此此此此句句应应改改为为：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left. 90Here comes he. here 放放于于句句首首时时，句句子子主主谓谓要要完完全全倒倒装装，但但句句子子主主语语为为代代词词时时，则则主主谓谓不不倒倒装装。此此句句应应改改为为：Here he comes. 91A child as
47、 he is, he can speak five languages. 用用as引引导导让让步步状状语语从从句句，可可把把形形容容词词、副副词词和和不不带带冠冠词词的的名名词词放放于于as前前。所所以以前前半半句句改改为为：Child as he is.（十六）虚拟语气（十六）虚拟语气 92She would have come if we invited her. 这这是是与与过过去去事事实实相相反反的的虚虚拟拟假假设设，从从句句应应该该用用过过去去完完成成时时。所所以以在在 we 后加后加 had. 93My suggestion is that we would send a few
48、people to help them. suggestion 的的表表语语从从句句也也应应用用虚虚拟拟语语气气，必必须须用用should加加动动词词原原形形，should可可以以省省略略。此此处处去去掉掉would 或或把把would 改为改为should。 94The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now. wish 后后的的时时态态应应该该把把真真实实时时态态往往后推一个时态，所以把后推一个时态，所以把has改为改为had。 95Its time that we go to bed. 句句式式为为Its tim
49、e sb did sth 所所以把以把 go 改为改为 went。 96 I would rather you have another try tomorrow. 词词组组为为would rather sb did sth. 所以把所以把have改为改为had。 （十七）（十七）there be句式句式97There are a bag and several books on the table. There be 句句式式遵遵循循谓谓语语动动词词就就近近原原则则，a bag为为单单数数，所所以以把把are改为改为is。 98 There were several people stood
50、 at the back of the room. There be句句式式的的谓谓语语动动词词为为be动动词词，句句中中其其他他的的动动词词应应为为非非谓谓语语动动词。所以把词。所以把stood改为改为standing. （十八）修饰语在句中的位置不当（十八）修饰语在句中的位置不当 99We almost have written twenty compositions this term. 像像almost这这样样副副词词在在句句中中放放在在助助动动词词be动动词词之之后后，实实意意动动词词之之前前。因因此把此把almost放在放在have后面。后面。 100The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains. 定定语语从从句句应应紧紧跟跟先先行行词词，所所以以改改为为：The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.
