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1、 Revision of The passive InfinitiveUnit 2 GrammarTo be, or not to be - that is the question. Hamlet 1. Obviously, to be obeyed was natural 2. to Jim.2. My brother appeared to be satisfied with the final result of the basketball match.3. It needs not to be said that they are very happy together.4. Jo
2、an is a girl easily to be frightened by5. dogs.5. At that moment, I had to shout loudly to be heard by everyone.6. The posters were ordered to be printed immediately.7. The manager ordered the posters to be printed immediately.8. Look, they are waiting for the door to be opened.9. Make sure that you
3、 know what is to be done.不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态不不定定式式有有时时态态和和语语态态的的变变化化，时时态态共共四四种种，即即一一般般式式、完完成成式式、进进行行式式和和完完成成进进行行式式。语语态态分分为为主主动动语语态态和和被被动语态，如下表所示。动语态，如下表所示。不定式被动式讲与练不定式被动式讲与练语态 时态主主动语态被被动语态一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done进行式行式 to be doing/完成完成进行式行式 to have been d
4、oing/当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作的的执执行行者者时时用用主主动动语语态态；当当动动词词不不定定式式的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是动动词词不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作的的承承受受者者时时用用被被动动语语态态。进进行行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。式和完成进行式没有被动语态。1 现在时现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，：一般现在时表示的动词， 有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时 发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动 作之后。作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope
5、 to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2 完成时完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动：表示的动作发生在谓语动 词表示的动作之前。词表示的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3 进行时：进行时：强调动作已在延续或动作强调动作已在延续或动作 正在进行。正在进行。 They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs. He seems to be eatin
6、g something.4 完成进行时：完成进行时：表示动作是在谓语动表示动作是在谓语动 词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。 They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法: :(1) 作主语作主语 It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.(2) 作宾语作宾语 She asked
7、 to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。采用被动形式。(3) 构成复合宾语构成复合宾语 He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 构成复合谓语构成复合谓语 The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5) 作定语作定语Ar
8、e you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) 作状语作状语She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二二、不不定定式式有有时时还还可可以以有有完完成成式式的的被被动动式式，在在句句中中作作主主语语、宾宾语语、定定语语，或或者者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized. (主语主语)She preferred to have been given heavi
9、er work to do. (宾语宾语)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party. (复合宾语复合宾语)The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. (复合谓语复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语定语) 三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1. 在在there be结构中。结构中。例如：例如：There is a lot of
10、 homework to do(也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构结构中。常用的形容词有中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to wor
11、k with3. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”结结构中。如：构中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：With nothing to do, he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如：例如： I
12、 have a letter to type today Do you have anything to say?(I是是to type的逻辑主语的逻辑主语) (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)6. 当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。结构中时。This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的
13、这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租), rent， hire, blame等。等。 The house is to let I felt I was to blame.动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。也往往用主动语态形式来表示。I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.NOTICENOTICE
14、1. My ambition is _ to the university which has the most excellent sporting facilities in Beijing. A. to admit B. to be admitted C. to be admitting D. to have been admitted课堂练兵课堂练兵2. Young as he is, he doesnt like _ as a child. A. to treat B. treating C. to be treated D. to be treating3. The profess
15、or and his fellow workers were sent there _ for the space flight. A. train B. to be training C. to have been trained D. to be trained4. Lily has been invited to a garden party _ next Saturday evening. A. to be held B. to hold C. to be holding D. to have been held5. Jack is reported _ chairman of the
16、 trade union by all members. A. to choose B. to have been chosen C. to be choosing D. to be chosen6. Is Mary still studying? Im afraid not. She is said _ the classroom already. A. to be left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to have left7. Do let your parents know all the truth. They appear _ ever
17、ything. A. to have been told B. to tell C. to be telling D. to be told1. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _. (2006 江西卷江西卷) A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made2. Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (
18、2006 上海卷上海卷) A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (2007 江西卷江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained4. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to stru
19、ggle _. (2007 浙江卷浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 5. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed6. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible. (2008 陕西卷陕西卷) A. to be sent
20、 B. to send C. being sent D. sending7. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. (2009 山东卷山东卷) A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding8. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. (2010 全国全国I卷卷) A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had ma
21、de1. The dishes need 2. The mail is intended Sentence Makingwashsendto be washed. to be sent. 3. The singer refused4. The house isphotographsellto be photographed. to be sold. 5. The wall is expectedpaintto be painted. frighten6. The bird seemsto be frightened.1. She hates _ by her classmates.2. Tim
22、 refused _ by his father to school. 3. She struggled _ by the French visitors. to be accompaniedto be understoodFill in the blanks.accompany understand envylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at4. These are the issues _ tomorrow.5. The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6. She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met. to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss test
