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1、UnitTwoInternationalBusinessContract第二章第二章对外贸易合同对外贸易合同KEYPOINTSI.ThegeneraldescriptionforbusinesscontractsII.ThemainformatandpartsofbusinesscontractsIII.ThemainclausesofbusinesscontractsIV.HowtowriteeffectivebusinesscontractsI. The general description forbusinesscontracts1.1.Definitionofabusinesscon
2、tract1.2.Writtenformsofbusinesscontracts1.3.Establishmentofbusinesscontracts1.1.DefinitionofabusinesscontractA business contract is an agreementthat creates an obligation, which is abinding, legally enforceable agreementbetweentwoormorecompetentparties.A business contract refers to a legalagreementc
3、oncludedbetweenthebuyer and the seller, which stipulatesboth the rights and obligations for thesellerandthebuyer.1.2.WrittenformsofbusinesscontractsContract正式合同正式合同Confirmation确认书确认书Agreement协议书协议书Memorandum备忘录备忘录Order订单订单Letterofintent意向书意向书1.3.Establishmentofbusinesscontracts1.3.1.Businessnegotiat
4、ionBusiness negotiation is the dealingsbetween the seller and the buyer inorder to reach an agreement on price,payment, quantity, quality and othertermsorconditionsofasale.Business negotiations are carried outeitherbywritingorverbally.1.3.1.BusinessnegotiationWhatarethemajorlinksinbusinessnegotiatio
5、n?Question1.3.1.Businessnegotiation1.3.2.FourstagesEnquiryBusiness negotiations usually commencewithanenquiry.An enquiry is made to seek a supply ofproducts, serviceor information, such asthecommoditysname,quality,mode,thedesired quantity, delivery date and otherterms.Firstenquiryshouldincludethesou
6、rceoftheinformationandbusinesslines.1.3.2.FourstagesOfferAn offer is a proposal of terms andconditionspresentedinapotentialcontractby one party (the offerer), to another party(theofferee).Anoffercanbemadeeitherbyasellerorabuyer.(sellingoffer&buyingoffer)Firmoffer:offerwithengagementNon-firmoffer:off
7、erwithoutengagementA firm offer mostly provides a term ofvalidity. It remains valid until the validityends.1.3.2.FourstagesCounter-offerAcounter-offerisanoffermadebyanofferee to an offerer, accepting sometermsandchangingotherterms.Actually a counter-offer is a rejectionoftheoriginaloffer.Hence,itisa
8、newofferandatthesametime,theoriginalofferlapses.1.3.2.FourstagesAcceptanceAnacceptanceistheassenttothetermsofanoffer,requiredbeforeacontractcanbe valid. It must be absolute andunconditional.Whenafirmofferoracounter-offerofthiskind is accepted, the transaction iscompletedandacontractualrelationshipbe
9、tweentheoffererandoffereeisconcluded.Here is a whole process of offer-counteroffer-acceptanceandthefinalarrival at the agreement betweenofferandacceptance.ExampleA sent B an offer on May 13: CXXX 30 TONS $ 800 CIF EUROPEAN PORT, 15 TONS RESEPCTIVE IN JULY IN AUGUST. B replied on the same day: 15 TON
10、S $750 CIF LONDON SHIPMENT IN MAYA gave no replyB sent a message on May 18: 15 TONS IN SEPTEMBER $750CIF LONDONA replied a message on May 20: 30 TONS IN AUGUST CONSENT TO OTHER CONDITIONSB replied on the same day: 15 TONS IN OCTOBER $750 CIF LONDON ANOTHER 15 TONS ON SALEB sent a message on May 23:
11、OUR SELLER ACCEPTS 30 TONS $700 CIF LONDON SHIPMENT IN SEPTEMBERA replied on May 25, agreeing: 30 TONS $700 CIF HAMBURG SHIPMENT IN SEPTEMBERB replied on the same day: THANKS FOR YOUR ACKNOLEDGEMENTA businesscontract is the outcome ofthebusinessnegotiation.The conclusion of a business contractresult
12、sfromthebusinessnegotiationtothesatisfactionofbothparties.1.3.3.Conclusionofabusinesscontract1.4.SummaryA written contract or confirmation isusually signed to bind both the sellerandthebuyer.acontract/confirmationasalescontract/confirmationapurchasecontract/confirmation1.4.SummaryInexporttradeasales
13、contractisalegaldocument made by and entered intobetweenasellerandabuyeronthebasisoftheirofferandacceptance.(theresultofbusinessnegotiation)Inthecontracttherightandobligationofbothpartiedaredefinitelystipulated.Thecontractisbindingonthemboth.A contract serves as a guide and amemorial of the agreemen
14、t that must befollowedbybothparties.II.Themainformatandpartsofbusinesscontracts1.Preamble约首约首2.Body约文约文3.Closing约尾约尾Threeparts1.PreambleThispartincludes:1)thenameofthecontract2) the reference, date & place of thecontract3) the name and address of bothpartiesAlltheinformationshouldbecompletelycorrect
15、.Sample1Sample1Contract Number: Date of Execution of Contract:Place of Execution of Contract:Buyers： Register No. Legal person： Legal address： Contact address： P.O. Code：Bank： A/C No.： Taxpayer Register No. ： Contact person： Tel： Fax： E-mail box： Sellers： Legal person： Legal address： Contact address
16、： P.O. Code： Bank： A/C No.： Taxpayer Register No. ： Contact person： Tel: Fax: E-mail Box: Sample2This agreement/contract is made andentered into this _ day of _(month),_(year)byandbetween Co. (hereinaftercalled“Party A ”) and Co. (hereinaftercalled Party B ). Through friendlynegotiation,both parties
17、 have herebyagreed on the terms and conditionsstipulatedhereunder2.BodyThebodyreferstoallclausesofthecontract.Itusuallyincludes:The name of the commodity, thequalityandspecification,thequantity,packing,unitprice,totalprice,delivery,insurance,termsofpayment,inspection, claim, arbitration, forceMajeur
18、e,etc.3.ClosingThis part should include copies,effective statements and signaturesfromtwoparties.The signatures are the importantevidencetomakethecontracteffective.ExamplesThiscontractisin3copies,effectivesincebeingsignedbybothparties.Representativeofthesellers:Representativeofthebuyers:The contract
19、 shall come into effectassoonasitisdulysignedbybothpartiesandshallremaineffectivefortwoyears.ExamplesThe contract shall be written inChineseandEnglish.Bothversionsareequallyauthentic.Intheeventofany discrepancy between the twoversions, the Chinese version shallprevail.III.Themainclausesinbusinesscon
20、tracts3.1.Nameandqualityofcommodity3.2.Quantityofcommodity3.3.Packingofcommodity3.4.Clausesofprice3.5.Clausesofshipment3.6.Clausesofinsurance3.7.Clausesofpayment3.8.Warrantyclauses3.1.Nameandqualityofcommodity3.1.1.NameofcommodityThisclauseisrelativelysimple,butitisamaincomponentofthedescriptionofgo
21、ods.Ifthegoodsdeliveredbythesellerarenotinaccordancewiththeagreednameof commodity, the buyer reserves therighttolodgeaclaim,rejectthegoodsorevencancelthecontract.3.1.1.NameofcommodityTherefore,asamainconditionofsale,the name of commodity should beclearlystipulated.When giving the name, try to bespec
22、ificandtakethewidelyacceptednameagreedbybothparties.3.1.2.QualityofcommodityThiskindofclauseisusuallyamainproof to define their quality whendeliveringthegoods.However, terms indicating qualitiesare often even harder to define thanweightsandquantities.Q:Whyisitevenhardertodefinethetermsindicatingqual
23、ities?3.1.2.QualityofcommodityThereasonsareasfollows:1.Differentqualitystandardsindifferentcountries2. Different meanings of one term fordefiningthequalityindifferentcountries3.Differentcommoditieshavedifferentqualities,andeventhesamecommodityhasdifferentqualities.3.1.2.QualityofcommodityGreat care
24、needs to be taken tospecify quality terms to avoid anydisputes.The main methods for specifyingqualityareinthefollowing:1.Salesbysample用实物样品用实物样品2.Salesbydescription用文字说明用文字说明SalesbysampleA sample is a small quantity of aproduct, which is given to encourageprospective customers to buy theproduct.Gene
25、rally arts and crafts, garments,lightindustryproductsandagriculturalnativeproductsaresoldbysample.Salesbydescription1.Byspecification,gradeorstandardSpecification:规格规格Specifications are detailed descriptionsof the goods to be sold, includingcomposition, content, purity, strength,size,etc.ofthegoods.
26、Grade：等级等级Thesamekindofcommoditieswithdifferentspecificationsmaybeclassifiedintodifferentgrades,suchaslarge,mediumorsmall;GradeA,BorC;Grade1,2or3.Standard：标准标准Standard refers to those specifications orgradesthatarelaiddownandproclaimedinaunifiedwaybygovernmentaldepartmentsorcommercialorganizationsof
27、acountry.Salesbydescription2.BybrandortrademarkMostindustrialproductsarerepresentedbybrandsortrademarks.Fromthebrandortrademarkpeoplecantellwhatqualitythegoodspossess.3.Bydescription,drawingordiagramMachines,apparatuses,instrumentsandcomplete sets of equipment are usuallysoldbydescription,drawingord
28、iagram.SalesbydescriptionExamplesFairaveragequality(F.A.Q.)良好平均品质良好平均品质Goodmerchantablequality(G.M.Q.)上好可上好可销品质。销品质。Qualitycertificateby*atloadingporttobetakenasfinal以以*在装运港出具的品质证书在装运港出具的品质证书为最后依据。为最后依据。Makersinspectioninthefactorytobefinal以制造者工厂检验为准。以制造者工厂检验为准。Qualityinspectedbyindependentpublicsur
29、veyoratthetimeofshipmenttobefinal以独立公正行装运时的检验质量为准。以独立公正行装运时的检验质量为准。3.2.Quantityofcommodity3.2.1.UnitofMeasurement计量单位计量单位Theunitsofmeasurementgenerallyusedinforeigntradeareasfollows:Weight: gram, kilogram, metric ton(公公吨吨), pound,ounce(盎盎司司), hundredweight(英英担担), long ton(长长吨吨),shortton(短吨短吨),etc.Nu
30、mber:piece,pair,dozen,gross(罗罗),ream(令令),etc.Length:centimeter,meter,inch,foot,yard,etc.Area:squaremeter/inch/foot/yard,etc.Volume:cubiccentimeter/meter/inch/foot/yard,etc.Capacity:liter(升升),pint(品品脱脱),gallon(加加仑仑),bushel(蒲蒲式耳式耳),etc.3.2.2.CalculationofWeightThequantityofmanygoods,suchasores,salt,wo
31、olandoil,aremeasuredbyweight.Weightisusuallycalculatedinthefollowingways:1.ByGrossWeight:thepackageweight-theover-allweightofthecommodityitselfplusthetare.2.By Net Weight: the weight of thecommodityalone(Netweight=grossweight-tare)3.2.2.CalculationofWeight3.ByConditionalWeight:按实物净重按实物净重This refers
32、to the kind of weight derivedfromtheprocess,withwhichthemoisturecontent ofthecommodityisremovedandstandardizedmoistureaddedbothbyscientificmethods.Conditionalweightisusuallyapplicabletosuchcommoditiesasrawsilk,wool,whichare of high, economic value and withunsteadymoisturecontent.3.2.2.CalculationofW
33、eight4.ByTheoreticalWeight:按理论重量按理论重量Commoditiesthathaveregularspecificationsandregularsize,suchasgalvanized iron, steel plate, are oftensubjecttouseoftheoreticalweight.3.2.3.MoreorLessClause溢短装条款溢短装条款Generally the contract should definitelyspecifythequantityofthegoodsasaprooffordelivery.However,Qui
34、teoftentheactualshipmentisover-deliveredorunder-deliveredinquantity.Itisdifficulttoweightthemaccurately.Therefore,moreorlessclauseisoftenused,particularly in the trading of agricultural ormineralproducts.Note: The percentage, the option and thepricingprincipleinthemoreorlessclauseshouldbespecifiedcl
35、early.3.3PackingofcommodityPacking clause usually includes thematerials, the modes, the charges andthemarksofpacking.3.3.1PackingconditionsPackingmaterialsPackingmodesPackingchargesPackingmaterialsbaling, bags, barrels, drums, boxes,cases,carboys,cartons,crates,pallets,containers,etc.Expressionsforp
36、ackingconditionsPackedinofeach,tobepackedin,eachcontaining,toBeeHoney300M/T.Packing:Inwoodencases.25kgs.Netinatin,2tinstoacase,60casestotal.SyntheticCamphorPowder240M/T合成樟脑粉Packing:Incartonsof25kgsneteachwithplasticbagsealedupinside,240cartonstotal.GypsuminLumps石膏块Packing:Inbulk.TalcPowder60M/T滑石粉Pa
37、cking:In5-plycraftpaperbagsof25kgsneteach,150bagstotal.3.3.2MarkingofgoodsGenerally, marks are classified intothreecategories:1)Shippingmark2)Supplementary/additionalmark3)Indicative/warningmarkconsigneesnamenumberofcontractdestinationpackagingnumberHandlewithCareThisSideUpPerishablethedimensionsoft
38、hepackage,thegrossnetweights,etc.3.4.ClausesofpriceThis kind of clause is an importantcomponent of an export contract andshould be clearly specified in thecontract.It involves two parts: Unit price andTotalvalue.3.4.1TheunitpriceTheunitpriceincludesfourpoints:1)currencyunit计价货币计价货币2)unitpricefigure单
39、位价格金额单位价格金额3)measurementunit计价的数量单位计价的数量单位4)deliveryterms贸易术语贸易术语CurrencyunitUSDUnitedStatesDollars GBP（）GreatBritainPound(PoundSterling) EUREuro CADCanadianDollars AUDAustralianDollars CNYChineseYuan HKDHongKongDollars JPYJapaneseYenExamplesUnitPrice:JPY2,400.00percartonCFRKobeless4%discountTotal A
40、mount: USD31,280.00 only. (SayU. S. Dollars Thirty One ThousandTwoHundredandEightyOnly)Total Amount: Stg14,297.50 only. (SayPoundsSterlingFourteenThousandTwoHundred and Ninety Seven and 50%only)3.5.ClausesofshipmentWhen negotiating a transaction, thebuyer and seller should reach anagreementontheclau
41、sesofshipmentandspecifythemincontractofsale.Clearstipulationofshipmentclauseisanimportantconditionforthesmoothexecutionofthecontract.3.5.1.TimeofshipmentTimeofshipmentisthedeadlinebywhichtheseller makes shipment of the contractedgoods.Twowaysofsettingthetimeofshipment:1)Specifyingclearlyaperiodoftim
42、e2) Setting a time period between the shipmentandthedeadlinebywhichtherelevantL/Cmustreachtheseller.Normally, the L/C should arrive at least 15days before the time of shipment to permitsufficient time to check the L/C and makenecessaryshippingarrangements.3.5.2.PortofLoading&PortofDestinationPortofl
43、oadingistheportwheregoodsareshippedanddepart.portofdestinationistheportatwhichgoodsareultimatelydischarged.Both of them should be specified in thecontract.Inchoosingthem,trytomakethemasclearas possible; provide some flexibility byallowingoptionalports;considerportregulations, facilities, charges and
44、 possiblesanctions.3.5.3.PartialShipment&TransshipmentPartial shipment means shipping thegoods under one contract in more thanonelot.Itshouldbedefinedintheclauseofshipmentwhether“Partialshipmentis(orisnot)allowed”.Transshipment means the goods have tobetransferredfromoneshiptoanotheratan intermediat
45、e port, when there is nodirect ship between the port of loadingandtheportofdestination,ornosuitableshipsavailableatthatparticularperiod.3.5.4.ShippingadviceWhenthegoodsareshippedonboard,the seller needs to give the buyerpromptnoticeoftheportofshipment,the date of sailing, the name of thecarrying ves
46、sel, etc. and send thebuyer the copies of the necessarydocumentstoenablethebuyertogetreadytotakedeliveryofthegoods.3.6.ClausesofinsuranceTheclausesofinsurancearedifferentbecauseofdifferenttradeterms.Inexporttrade,whowilleffectinsurancedependingon the particulartradetermsadopted.3.6.Clausesofinsuranc
47、eUnder the terms as FOB, CFR, thebuyereffectsinsurance,buthecanaskthe seller to arrange insurance onbehalfofthebuyer.Under CIF terms, it refers to fouraspects,thatis,thepersonwhoeffectsinsurance, the amount insured, thecoverage and an insurance company.Usually the seller arranges insurancewithaninsu
48、rancecompany.3.7.ClausesofpaymentAccording to different terms of payment, theclausesofpaymentarevaried.1.RemittanceM/T:MailTransferT/T:TelegraphicTransferD/T:DemandTransfer2.CollectionD/PatsightoraftersightD/A3.L/C4.CollectionandL/Ccombinedtogether3.8.WarrantyclausesBesides the above-mentioned seven
49、conditions of the sales contract, othertermsandconditions,suchasinsurance, arbitration, force majeureetc.,arecalledwarrantyclauses.IVHowtowriteeffectivebusinesscontractsAbusinesscontractisthelegallybindingwrittenagreementbetweentwoormoreparties. It is an important part ofbusiness and needs to be cre
50、ated andreviewedcarefully.Abusinesscontract,therefore,shouldbewrittenintheformalandfrozenstyle.4.1languagefeaturesofbusinesscontractsAttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.Party A shall repatriateri:peitri,eit thepatienttoChinaandbearthecostofhispassage
51、toBeijing.1.Usingmanyformalandprofessionalwordshelpsendback应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备。应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备。甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。Theterm“Effectivedate”meansthedateonwhichthisAgreementisdulyexecutedeksikju:tbythepartieshereto(至此至此,正式正式).“生效日生效日”的意思是指本协议经订约双方签字的意思是指本协议经订约双方签字的日
52、子。的日子。signedTomakethecompoundwordsbyaddingafter, by, in, of, on, to, under, upon, orwithafterhere,there,orwhere2.UsingcompoundwordsinoldEnglishThiscontractisherebymadeandconcludedbyandbetweenCo.(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)andCo.(hereinafterreferredto as Party B) on (data), in (Place),China,onthep
53、rincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandthroughamicableconsultation.inthiswayorbythisletterUsefulformalwordsa.whereas:consideringthat鉴于鉴于b.whereby:bywhat,bywhich凭那个凭那个c.wherein:inwhat,inwhich在那点上在那点上d.whereof:ofwhat,ofwhich关于那事关于那事e.hereafter:afterthis在下文在下文,此后此后,以后以后f.hereby:bymeansofthis特此特此,以此以此,由由此
54、此g.herein:inthis在此中在此中h.hereto:tothis对此对此i.hereinbefore:intheprecedingpartsofthiscontract在上文在上文j.hereof:ofthis关于这点关于这点k.thereto:tothat此外此外l.thereof:ofthat因此因此m.thereafter:laterinthesamecontract在下文在下文n.Thereby:bythat按此按此,借此借此,从而从而,由此由此o.Therefrom:fromthat从那里从那里Whereas Party A is willing to employPart
55、yBandPartyBagreestodoasPartyAs engineer in Beijing, it is herebyagreesasfollows.Inconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsand agreement herein contained, thepartiesagreeasfollows.鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方鉴于甲方愿聘请乙方,乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的乙方同意应聘为甲方在北京的工程师工程师,以此以此双方协议如下双方协议如下:双方考虑到双方考虑到在此在此提出的契约和协议提出的契约和协议,同意如下条款同意如下条款.Termsandconditi
56、ons条件条件nullandvoid无效无效ableandwilling能够并愿意能够并愿意anyduties,obligationsorliabilities所有责任所有责任byandbetween:在在之间之间3.Usingsynonymstogether同义词连用同义词连用ThisAgreementmadeandenteredintobyandbetweenABCCo.andXYZCo.ABC公司和公司和XYZ公司双方签订本协议。公司双方签订本协议。4. The usage of the words “may”,“shall”, “should”, “will”, “may not”,“
57、shallnot”Thequalityandpricesofthecommoditiestobeexchangedbetweenthe ex-importers in the two countriesshallbeacceptabletobothsides.货货物物的的质质量量和和价价格格必必须须使使进进出出口口双双方方都都能能接受。接受。4. The usage of the words “may”,“shall”, “should”, “will”, “may not”,“shallnot”Suchwordsas“may”,“shall”,“should”,“will”,“maynot”
58、,“shallnot”have special meanings in businesscontracts. Be careful when using ortranslating them in order to avoiddisputessubsequently.a. May： 在在 表表 示示 合合 同同 上上 的的 权权 利利 （ Right） 、 权权 限限（Power）或或特特权权（Privilege）的的场场合合中中使使用用。若若表表示示某某种种权权利利在在法法律律上上具具有有强强制制性性的的时时候候，更更多多的的是是“beentitled”。b.Shall：在在合合同同中中并并
59、不不是是单单纯纯的的将将来来时时，一一般般用用它它来来表表示示法法律律上上可可以以强强制制执执行行的的义义务务（Obligation）。如如未未履履行行，即即视视为为违违约约，并并构构成成某某种种赔赔偿偿责责任任。所所以以，shall在在译译文文里里，通通常常表表示示“应应该该”或或“必必须须”，当当然然，也也有有不不翻翻译的时候。译的时候。c.Should：在在合合同同中中通通常常只只用用来来表表示示语语气气较较弱弱的的假假设设，多翻译成多翻译成“万一万一”或或“如果如果”，极少译成，极少译成“应该应该”。d.Will：一一般般使使用用在在没没有有法法律律强强制制的的情情况况下下，也也用用做
60、做表表示承担义务的声明，但语气和强制力比示承担义务的声明，但语气和强制力比Shall弱。弱。e.Maynot/shallnot）：用于禁止性义务，即）：用于禁止性义务，即“不得不得做什么做什么”。Theboardmeetingshallbeconvenedand presided over by the Chairman.Should the chairman be absent, thevice-Chairmanshall,inprinciple,convene and preside over the boardmeeting.董董事事会会会会议议应应由由董董事事长长召召集集、主主持持；若
61、若董董事事长长缺缺席席，原原则则上上应应由由副副董董事事长长召召集集、主主持。持。4.2.WritingprinciplesClarityConcisenessCompletenessV.PracticeforBusinesscontractsSample:外贸销售合同(SalesContract)编号：No：日期：Date：签约地点：Signedat：卖方：Sellers：地址：Address：邮政编码：PostalCode：电话：Tel：传真：Fax：买方：Buyers：地址：Address：邮政编码：PostalCode：电话：Tel：传真：Fax：买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方
62、购进下列货物： The seller agrees to sell and the buyer agrees to buy the under-mentioned goods on the terms and conditions stated below:1货号ArticleNo.2品名及规格Description&Specification3数量Quantity4单价UnitPrice5总值：数量及总值均有_%的增减,由卖方决定。TotalAmountWith_%moreorlessbothinamountandquantityallowedatthesellersoption.6.生产国
63、和制造厂家:CountryofOriginandManufacturer7包装：Packing：8唛头：ShippingMarks：9装运期限：TimeofShipment：10装运口岸：PortofLoading：11目的口岸：PortofDestination：12 保险：由卖方按发票全额110%投保至_为止的_险。Insurance：Tobeeffectedbybuyersfor110%offullinvoicevaluecovering_upto_only.13付款条件：买方须于_年_月_日将保兑的，不可撤销的，可转让可分割的即期信用证开到卖方。信用证议付有效期延至上列装运期后15天在
64、中国到期，该信用证中必须注明允许分运及转运。Payment:Byconfirmed,irrevocable,transferableanddivisibleL/Cto be available by sight draft to reach the sellers before_/_/_andtoremainvalidfornegotiationinChinauntil15daysaftertheaforesaidtimeofshipment.TheL/Cmustspecifythattransshipmentandpartialshipmentsareallowed.14单据：Documen
65、ts：15装运条件：TermsofShipment：16品质与数量、重量的异义与索赔：Quality/QuantityDiscrepancyandClaim：17.人力不可抗拒因素:由于水灾、火灾、地震、干旱、战争或协议一方无法预见、控制、避免和克服的其他事件导致不能或暂时不能全部或部分履行本协议，该方不负责任。但是，受不可抗力事件影响的一方须尽快将发生的事件通知另一方，并在不可抗力事件发生15天内将有关机构出具的不可抗力事件的证明寄交对方ForceMajeure:Eitherpartyshallnotbeheldresponsibleforfailureordelaytoperform al
66、l or any part of this agreement due to flood, fire,earthquake,draught,waroranyothereventswhichcouldnotbepredicted,controlled,avoidedorovercomebytherelativeparty.However,onepartyaffectedbytheeventofForceMajeureshallinform the other party of its occurrence in writing as soon aspossibleandthereaftersen
67、dacertificateoftheeventissuedbytherelevantauthoritiestotheotherpartywithin15daysafteritsoccurrence.18仲裁：在履行协议过程中，如产生争议，双方应友好协商解决。若通过友好协商未能达成协议，则提交中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。该委员会决定是终局的，对双方均有约束力。仲裁费用，除另有规定外，由败诉一方负担。Arbitration:Alldisputesarisingfromtheexecutionofthisagreementshallbesettledt
68、hroughfriendlyconsultations.Incasenosettlementcanbereached,thecaseindisputeshallthenbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforArbitrationinaccordancewithitsProvisional Rules of Procedure. The decision made by thiscommissionshallberegarded
69、asfinalandbindinguponbothparties.Arbitrationfeesshallbebornebythelosingparty,unlessotherwiseawarded.19备注：Remarks：卖方：Sellers：买方：Buyers：签字：Signature：签字：Signature：WordsandPhrasescontract合同，订立合同合同，订立合同contractor订约人订约人/承包人承包人contractual合同的合同的/契约的契约的awrittencontract书面合同书面合同toplace/enterintoacontract订合同订合同
70、tosign/makeacontract签合同签合同todrawupacontract拟订合同拟订合同todraftacontract起草合同起草合同toget/landacontract得到合同得到合同tocountersignacontract会签合同会签合同torepeatacontract重复合同重复合同anexecutorcontract尚待执行的合同尚待执行的合同anicefatcontract一个很有利的合同一个很有利的合同Originals/copiesofthecontract合同正本合同正本/副本副本WordsandPhrases甲方甲方PartyA乙方乙方PartyB缔约
71、双方缔约双方thetwocontractingparties各方各方eachparty第三方第三方athirdparty任何一方任何一方eitherparty另一方另一方theotherparty买方买方theSeller卖方卖方theBuyer受方受方theRecipientParty供方供方theSupplyingParty转让方转让方thetransferer受让方受让方thetransferee出让方出让方thelicensor受让方受让方thelicensee债权方债权方thedebtor债务方债务方thecreditorSomesentencepatterns1.Wellhavet
72、hecontractreadyforsignature.我们应准备好合同待签字。我们应准备好合同待签字。2.Wesignedacontractformedicines.我们签订了一份药品合同。我们签订了一份药品合同。3. Mr. Zhang sings the contract on behalf of the ChinaNationalSilkImport&ExportCorporation.张先生代表中国丝绸进出口总公司在合同上签了字。张先生代表中国丝绸进出口总公司在合同上签了字。4.AJapanesecompanyandSINOCHEMhaveenteredintoanewcontrac
73、t.中中国国化化工工进进出出口口总总公公司司已已经经和和日日本本一一家家公公司司签签订了一份新合同。订了一份新合同。5.Itwasbecauseofyouthatwelandedthecontract.因为有了你，我们才签了那份合同。因为有了你，我们才签了那份合同。6.Weofferedamuchlowerprice,sotheygotthecontract.由于我们报价低，他们和我们签了合同。由于我们报价低，他们和我们签了合同。Somesentencepatterns7.Areweanywherenearacontractyet?我们可以我们可以(接近于接近于)签合同了吗签合同了吗?8.We
74、signacontractwhenweareactingasprincipals.当当我我们们作作为为货货主主时时都都要要签签订订合合同同。(这这里里“货货主主”指指合合同同中中的的卖卖方方和和买买方方)9.Iknowwe(theseller)shoulddrawupacontractandthebuyerhastosignit.我们知道我们我们知道我们(卖方卖方)应该拟出一份合同，买方必须签署合同。应该拟出一份合同，买方必须签署合同。10.Weshouldsimultaneouslysigntwocontracts,onesalescontractforbeefandmutton,andth
75、eothercontractofequalvalueforthepurchaseofcotton.我我们们同同时时签签两两个个合合同同，一一是是牛牛羊肉的销售羊肉的销售(出口出口)合同，另一个是等额的棉花购买合同，另一个是等额的棉花购买(进口进口)合同。合同。11.Webothwanttosignacontract,andwehavetomakesomeconcessionstodoit.我们都想签合同，因此双方都要做些让步。我们都想签合同，因此双方都要做些让步。12.Weareheretodiscussanewcontractwithyou.我们来这里和您谈谈订一份新合同的问题。我们来这里和
76、您谈谈订一份新合同的问题。Somesentencepatterns13.Ourcurrentcontractisabouttoexpire,andwellneedtodiscussanewone.我们现有合同快要期满了，需要再谈一个新合同。14.Wecanrepeatthecontractonthesameterms.我们可以按同样条件再订一个合同。15.Afewproblemswithsupplyundertheoldcontractmustbequicklyresolved.老合同中的一些供货问题必须尽快解决。16. We ought to clear up problems arising from the oldcontract.我们应该清理一下老合同中出现的问题。17.Doyoualwaysmakeoutacontractforeverydeal?每笔交易都需要订一份合同吗?18. As per the contract, the construction of factory is nowunderway.根据合同规定，工厂的建设正在进行中。
