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1、第八章主谓一致 主谓一致讲解一、语法一致主语是单数形式，谓语也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数。1and连接的两个名词作主语，若表示不同的人或物，谓语用复数；若表示同一个人或物，谓语用单数，此时，后一个名词前一般不用冠词。【例1】 Bread and butter _ healthful food.Ais Bare答案A【 例 2】 The poet and writer _ produced many works. Ahas Bhave答案A2and连接的并列主语是单数，且前面有every，each，no，many a等词修饰时，谓语用单数。【例3】 Each boy and (each
2、)girl _ been invited to the party.Ahas Bhave答案A3both.and连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语一般用复数。【例4】 Both Tom and Mark _ my friends.Ais Bare答案B4不定代词either，neither，each，one，the other，another，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everything，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语常用单数。【例5
3、】 Either of the two ways _ right.Ais Bare答案A5主语是“Athan / with / as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / not / but / including / plus / besides / in addition toB”结构时，谓语须与A保持一致。【 例 6】 Jane together with her parents _ to the park every day.Ago Bgoes答案B5主语是“Athan / with /
4、 as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / not / but / including / plus / besides / in addition toB”结构时，谓语须与A保持一致。【 例 6】 Jane together with her parents _ to the park every day.Ago Bgoes答案B7(百)分数作主语时，若(百)分数后面为单数名词，谓语用单数；若(百)分数后面为复数名(代)词，谓语用复数。【例8】 Three fourths of the me
5、mbers in the club _ men.Ais Bare答案B8a quantity / an amount of，quantities / amounts of作 主 语 ， 谓 语 一 般 根 据 quantity/ amount的单复数来定。【例9】 Quantities of money _ needed to equip the school.Ais Bare答案B9“many a单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上为复数，谓语却用单数。【例10】 Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany.Ais Bare答案A1
6、0“more than one单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上为复数，谓语却用单数。【例11】 More than one student _ been sent to Japan.Ahas Bhave答案A11the rest of，the part of，the majority of，most of，half of等表部分概念的词作主语，谓语应与of后的名(代)词一致。【例12】 The rest of the books _ on the desk and the rest of the money _ in the bag.Ais；are Bare；is Cis；is Dare；are
7、答案B12“the number of名词”作主语时，谓语用单数，表示“的数目”；“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数，表示“许多”。【 例 13】 The number of the teachers _ greatly increased.Ais Bare答案A13不定式、动名词、从句作主语，谓语常用单数。【 例 14】 Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010湖南)Ais Bare Chas Dhave答案C14“a单数名词or two”作
8、主语时，谓语通常用单数；“one or two复数名词”作主语时，谓语通常用复数。【例15】 A student or two _ playing on the ground.Ais Bare答案A【 例 16】 One or two students _ absent from class.Awas Bwere答案B15“the姓氏的复数”(指一家人、夫妻等)作主语，谓语常用复数。【例17】 The Smiths _ to church every Sunday.Ago Bgoes答案A16each作主语或作主语的定语时，谓语用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语须用复数。【例18】 Ea
9、ch of the students _ a dictionary.Ahas Bhave答案A【 例 19】 The students each _ a dictionary.Ahas Bhave答案B17“This / That / The kind / sort / type of复数名词”作主语时，谓语一般用单数；“复数名词of this / that kind / sort / type”作主语时，谓语一般用复数。【例20】 Questions of that kind _ difficult to answer.Ais Bare答案B18一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣服、工具等作主语
10、时，谓语常用复数，如：glasses，clothes， trousers， shoes， compasses，chopsticks，scissors等。但这些名词前受“a / this pair of”等修饰时，谓语一般用单数。【例21】 A pair of shoes _ under the bed.Ais Bare答案A二、意义一致谓语的变化以主语所表达的单、复数概念来定。1none作主语时，如果指不可数名词，谓语用单数；如果指可数名词，谓语用单复数均可。【 例 22】 Jimmy has used up all the money.None _ left.Ais Bare答案A2all作
11、主语时，如果指人，谓语一般用复数；如果指情况，谓语一般用单数。【例23】 All _ present besides the professor.Ais Bare答案B3当“the形容词或分词”作主语时，如果表“一类人”，谓语常用复数；如果指一个人或表示抽象概念时，谓语常用单数。【例24】 The wounded _ been carried to hospital already.Ahas Bhave答案B【例25】 The beautiful _ not always the same as the good.Ais Bare答案A4表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作整
12、体，谓语用单数。【例26】 Two hours _ a long time to take over a coffee.Ais Bare答案A5单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语的形式要依据主语的单复数意义来定。这样的词有：means(方法)，crossroads(十字路口)，aircraft(飞机)，deer(鹿)，sheep(绵羊)，works(工厂)，series(系列)，species(种类)等。【例27】 All possible means _ been tried to teach languages.Ahas Bhave答案B6有些名词，如：people(人)，cattle(牛)，
13、police(警察)等，形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语用复数。但people表示“民族”，谓语的数取决于people的单复数。【例28】 People _ that every people _ its special words to describe things and express ideas.Abelieve；use Bbelieve；usesCbelieves；uses Dbelieves；use答案B7集合名词，如：audience，army，family，crowd，government，public等作主语时，若把该名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数；若把该名词看作整体里
14、的每个成员，谓语一般用复数。【例29】 My family _ going on a trip this summer.Ais Bare答案B8population作主语时，谓语一般用单数；但其前有(百)分数时，谓语一般用复数。【例30】 One third of the population _ workers here.Ais Bare答案B9在“主语系动词表语”结构中，如果是what从句作主语，其谓语的单复数取决于后面的表语。若表语为单数，谓语一般用单数；若表语为复数，谓语一般用复数。【例31】 What his father left him _ a few English books
15、.Ais Bare答案B10定语从句的先行词前有one of 修饰时，定语从句的谓语一般用复数；但先行词前有the (only)one of修饰时，定语从句的谓语则通常用单数。【例32】 He is the only one of students who _ late for class again.Ais Bare答案A11“一个半”(one and a half复数名词或a单数名词and a half)作主语，谓语一般用单数。【例33】 One and a half apples _ been left on the table.Ahas Bhave答案A12以ics结尾的学科名词以及表
16、团体、组织、报刊等名称作主语，谓语一般用单数。【例34】 The United Nations _ an international organization.Ais Bare答案A【例35】 Physics _ the mother of sciences.Ais Bare答案A三、就近一致谓语的变化以靠近谓语的主语来定。1主语由or，either .or，neither .nor，not only .but also等连接时，谓语的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语。【例36】 Either you or he _ interested in playing chess.Ais Bare答案A【例37】 _ you or he fond of music at present?AIs BAre答案B2当there / here be后有几个主语时，be与邻近的主语保持一致。【例38】 There _ two pears and an apple on the plate.Ais Bare答案B同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
