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1、从属连词（从属连词（SubordinatingConjunctions）从属连词是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。从属连词是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说，从属连词主要引起状语从句。具体地说，从属连词主要引起状语从句。时间状语从句：时间状语从句：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,instantly,directly,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan地点状语从句：地点状语从句：where
2、,wherever原因状语从句：原因状语从句：as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat,notthatbutthat目的状语从句：目的状语从句：that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase结果状语从句：结果状语从句：that,sothat,suchthat条件状语从句：条件状语从句：if,unless,suppose,supposing,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)让步状语从句：让步状语从句：thou
3、gh,although,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,whether比较状语从句：比较状语从句：than,as方式状语从句：方式状语从句：as,asif,asthough1高级课件1.They came here in order that they explained the matter to us.2. I wont believe it until I will have seen it with my own eyes.3. The girl talks as if she has been to the moon. 4. T
4、he man smokes as much as his father 10 years ago.5. No sooner was he here than I told him about it.1. When time went on ,his theory proved to be right.2. Although it rains heavily, we shall still go out.3. Child although he is, he knows a lot.4. Because you havent prepared it ,well delay our action.
5、5. There is such little work that such little boys can finish it soon.一、从句谓语动词形式错误一、从句谓语动词形式错误二、从句引导词使用错误二、从句引导词使用错误2高级课件1. At the age of five, his father died.2. To improve your English, reading is necessary .3. Being a fine day, we went out for a play.4. While waiting for the bus, my wallet missed
6、.5. Giving more time, I can do it better.三、主状不一错误三、主状不一错误3高级课件点击高考状语从点击高考状语从句中的省略句中的省略Ellipsis4高级课件1.Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.2.IllbuyaTVsetifitisnecessary.3.Shestoodatthegateasifshewaswaitingforsomeone.4.Hewasaswimmerwhenhewasachild.5.Thoughitiscold,heworeashirt.6.WhileIwaswalkingaloneinthestre
7、et,mynamewascalled.什么时候可以省略什么时候可以省略?怎么省略怎么省略?spokentonecessarywaitingforsomeone achild7.WhileIwaswalkingwalkingaloneinthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.Thoughcold,hewereashirt.Whilewalkingaloneinthestreet,mynamewascalled.walkingalonethestreet,5高级课件:什么时候可以省略什么时候可以省略?怎么省略怎么省略?在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是若从句的主句是it或与
8、或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从时，常省略从句的主语和句的主语和be。1._(在北京的时候在北京的时候),IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.2._(当是个年轻人的时候当是个年轻人的时候),AbrahamLincolnwasastorekeeperandapostmaster.3.Hehasnomoney._(要是有的话要是有的话),hewillgiveus.4._(除非修理除非修理),themachineisofnouse.5._(要是给更多的关注要是给更多的关注),Theboycouldhaveturnedoutbett
9、er.6.Agirlstoodatthegateoftheschoolasif_(跟老师讲话跟老师讲话).When/WhileinBeijingWhen/AsayoungmanIfanyUnlessrepairedIfgivenmoreattentiontotalkingwithateacher6高级课件一、在含有状语从句的复合句中1.1.when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时引导的时间状语从句；间状语从句； 2 2. .if，unless引导的条件状语从句；引导的条件状语从句； 3.3.though，although，evenif，eventhough引引导的让步状语
10、从句；导的让步状语从句； 4.4.asthough，asif，as引导的方式状语从句；引导的方式状语从句； 5 5. .whereverwherever引导的地点状语从句引导的地点状语从句 若从句的主句是若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和时，常省略从句的主语和be。再强调：再强调：7高级课件1. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003
11、安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to seeasifhewasgoingtoseewhetherHe shook his head as if (he was going) to say: “Dont trust her”.8高级课件: :省略在省略在As ifAs if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多. .1.Tomraisedhishandasif(hewasgoing)tosaysomething.2.Heactedasif(hewas)afool.3.Shelefttheroomhurried
12、lyasif(shewas)angry.4.Hestaredatthegirlasif(hewas)seeingherforthefirsttime.5.Theplayerisrollingonthegroundasif(hewas)hurtbadly.6.Heopenedthedrawerasif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.:as ifas if用于省略句中用于省略句中, ,如果如果as if as if 引导的从句引导的从句是是“主语系动词主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样这样as ifas if后就只剩下后就只
13、剩下不定式、名词、形容词不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语（短语）、介词短语或或分词。分词。_(好象要说什么好象要说什么)_(好象他是个傻瓜好象他是个傻瓜)_(好象生气了好象生气了)_(好象是第一次看到她好象是第一次看到她)_(好象严重受伤了好象严重受伤了)._(好象在寻找重要的东西好象在寻找重要的东西)9高级课件高考链接： 1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. bei
14、ng introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 10高级课件3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003
15、安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D.when to be taken11高级课件5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海
16、春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed12高级课件7. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷) A. lacked B.
17、 lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. _told to stop, the excited children kept on talking in class, so I got angry. A. As B.When C.While D. Though13高级课件1.地点状地点状语从句从句 地点状地点状语从句通常由从句通常由where,wherever引引导。WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方我住的地方树很多。很多。WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。不管我在
18、哪里我都会想到你。14高级课件2.方式状方式状语从句从句方式状方式状语从句通常由从句通常由as,(just)asso,asif,asthough引引导。1）as,(just)asso引引导的方式状的方式状语从句通常位于从句通常位于主句后，但在主句后，但在(just)asso结构中位于句首，构中位于句首，这时as从句从句带有比有比喻的含的含义，意思是，意思是“正如正如”，“就像就像”，多用于正式文体，例如：多用于正式文体，例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎待你，你就要怎样待人。待人。Aswateristofi
19、sh,soairistoman.我我们离不开空气，离不开空气，犹如犹如鱼儿离不开水。儿离不开水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打正如打扫房屋一房屋一样，我，我们也要也要扫除我除我们头脑中落后的中落后的东西。）西。）15高级课件2）asif,asthough两者的意两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状和用法相同，引出的状语从句从句谓语多用虚多用虚拟语气，气，表示与事表示与事实相反，有相反，有时也用也用陈述述语气，表示所气，表示所说情况是事情况是事实或或实现的可能性的可能性较大。大。汉译常作常作仿佛仿佛似
20、的似的，好像好像似似的的，例如：，例如：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.他他们完全忽略了完全忽略了这些事些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事（与事实相反，相反，谓语用虚用虚拟语气。）气。）Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那他那样子就像被雷子就像被雷击了似的。（与事了似的。（与事实相反，相反，谓语用虚用虚拟语气气)16高级课件 Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（
21、看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性的可能性较大，大，谓语用用陈述述语气。）气。）说明：明：asif/asthough也可以引也可以引导一个分一个分词短短语、不定式、不定式短短语或无或无动词短短语，例如：，例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。什么似的。Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.波涛冲波涛冲击着着岩石，好像
22、很岩石，好像很愤怒。怒。17高级课件3原因状原因状语从句从句比比较：because,since,as和和for1）because语势最最强，用来，用来说明人所不知的原因，明人所不知的原因，回答回答why提出的提出的问题。当原因是。当原因是显而易而易见的或已的或已为人人们所知，就用所知，就用as或或since。Ididntgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由）由because引引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，号，则可以用可以用for来代替。但如果不是
23、来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用情况加以推断，就只能用for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.18高级课件4.目的状目的状语从句从句表示目的状表示目的状语的从句可以由的从句可以由that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase等等词引引导，例如：，例如：Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownfo
24、rfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.19高级课件5.结果状果状语从句从句结果状果状语从句常由从句常由sothat或或suchthat引引导，掌握掌握这两个句型，首先要了解两个句型，首先要了解so和和such与其后的与其后的词的搭配的搭配规律。律。比比较：so和和such其其规律由律由so与与such的不同的不同词性决定。性决定。such是形容是形容词，修修饰名名词或名或名词词组，so是副是副词，只能修，只能修饰形容形容词或或副副词。so还可与表示数量的形容可与表示数量的形容词ma
25、ny,few,much,little连用，形成固定搭配用，形成固定搭配。20高级课件sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflowersuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeople（somany已成固定搭配，已成固定搭配，alotof虽相当于相当于many，但但alotof为名名词性的，只能用性的，只能用such搭配。）搭配。）sothat与与suchthat之之间的的转换既既为so与与such之之间的的转换
26、。Theboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecantgotoschool.21高级课件6.条件状条件状语从句从句 连接接词主要有主要有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat等。等。.if引引导的条件句有真的条件句有真实条件句和非真条件句和非真实条件句两种。条件句两种。非真非真实条件句已在虚条件句已在虚拟语气中气中阐述。述。unless=ifnot.Letsgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.Ifyouarenottootied,letsgooutfor
27、awalk.22高级课件7.让步状步状语从句从句1）though,although注意：注意：当有当有though,although时，后面的从句不能有，后面的从句不能有but，但是，但是though和和yet可可连用用Althoughitsraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然在下雨，但他然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。仍在地里干活。Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Thoughthesorebehealed,yetascarmayremain.伤口口虽愈合
28、，但愈合，但伤疤留下了。疤留下了。（谚语）典型例典型例题_sheisyoung,sheknowsquitealot.A.WhenB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Unless答案：答案：C。意。意为虽然她很年然她很年轻，却知道，却知道许多。多。23高级课件2)as,though引引导的倒装句的倒装句as/though引引导的的让步从句必步从句必须表表语或状或状语提前提前（形容（形容词、副、副词、分、分词、实义动词提前）。提前）。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasasmallchild,hekne
29、wwhatwastherightthingtodo.注意：注意：a.句首名句首名词不能不能带任何冠任何冠词。b.句首是句首是实义动词，其他助，其他助动词放在主放在主语后。后。如果如果实义动词有有宾语和状和状语，随，随实义动词一起放在主一起放在主语之前。之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.=Thoughhetrieshard,heneverseems虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。做的不尽人意。3)everif,eventhough.即使即使Wellmakeatripevent
30、houghtheweatherisbad.4)whetheror-不管不管都都Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.24高级课件5)nomatter+疑疑问词或或疑疑问词+后后缀everNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.替替换：nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterhow=ho
31、wever注意：注意：nomatter不能引不能引导主主语从句和从句和宾语从句。从句。（错）Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.（对）Whateveryousayisofnousenow.(Whateveryousay是主是主语从句从句)（错）Prisonershavetoeatnomatterwhattheyregiven,（对）Prisonershavetoeatwhatevertheyregiven.25高级课件8.比比较while,when,as1）as,when引引导短短暂性性动作的作的动词。Justas/Justwhen/WhenIstoppedmycar
32、,amancameuptome.2）当从句的）当从句的动作作发生于主句生于主句动作之前，只能用作之前，只能用when引引导这个从句，不可用个从句，不可用as或或while。Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.3）从句表示）从句表示随随时间推移推移连词能用能用as，不用，不用when或或while。Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.日子一天天日子一天天过去，天气越去，天气越变越坏。越坏。26高级课件9.比比较until和和till此两个此两个连词意意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事
33、直至某做某事直至某时”，动词必必须是延是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某直至某时才做某事才做某事”。动词为延延续性或非延性或非延续性都可以。性都可以。正确使用正确使用这两个两个连词的关的关键之一之一就在于判断句中的就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式用肯定式还是否定式。是否定式。肯定句：肯定句：Isleptuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜我一直睡到半夜时醒了。醒了。WaittillIcallyou.等着我叫你。等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用（在肯定句中可用before代替代替Letsgetinthewheatbeforethesunsets.）否定句：否定句：
34、Shedidntarriveuntil6oclock.她直到她直到6点才到。点才到。Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.公共汽公共汽车停停稳后再下后再下车。Ididntmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.直到你教我后，我才会做。直到你教我后，我才会做。27高级课件1)Until可用于句首，而可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。通常不用于句首。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.直到你告直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。2)Un
35、tilwhen疑疑问句中，句中，until要放在句首。要放在句首。-Untilwhenareyoustaying?你呆到什么你呆到什么时候？候？-UntilnextMonday.呆到下周一。呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。(1）Notuntil在句首，主句用倒装。在句首，主句用倒装。Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到直到19世世纪初，人初，人类才知道才知道热能是什么。能是什么。NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeI
36、hadwasted.直到我开始工作，我才直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。月。(2)Itisnotuntilthat28高级课件10.表示表示一一就就的的结构构hardly/scarcelywhen/before,nosoonerthan和和assoonas都可以表示都可以表示“一一就就”的意思，例：的意思，例：Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意：如果注意：如果hardl
37、y,scarcely或或nosooner置于句首，置于句首，句子句子必必须用倒装用倒装结构：构：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.29高级课件1. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. toC. doing D. doing it2. The boy wante
38、d to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to BAD链接其他省略链接其他省略30高级课件 动词不定式的省略动词不
39、定式的省略:在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式不定式to后内容相同的部分省略，后内容相同的部分省略，只保留只保留to。 1.-Areyouasailor?-No,butI_A.amnotB.usedtoC.usedtobeD.usedtobeing2.-Whydidntyoutakepartinmybirthdaypartyyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedguest.A.wouldliketoB.wouldliketohaveC.shouldD.wouldntliketo如果不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be,have,hav
40、ebeen通常保留通常保留be,have和和havebeen31高级课件1.- Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not 2. -The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they? -_.(03 北京春招北京春招)A. I guess not so B. I didnt guessC. I dont guess so D. I gue
41、ss not :在在Im afraid,I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等开头的作答句中，后面跟等开头的作答句中，后面跟so 与与 not 分别分别用于肯定或否定宾语是，宾语从句可省去。用于肯定或否定宾语是，宾语从句可省去。32高级课件 :主、谓、宾等成分的省略主、谓、宾等成分的省略在英语情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义在英语情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。谓、宾的情况
42、。 1. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and_. A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is white3. - Would you like some wine? - Yes, just _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a fewCCC33高级课件When_help,oneoftensays“thankyou.”or“Itiskindofyou”.A.offeringB.toofferC.TobeofferedD.offered34高级课件
