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1、Section Grammar & Writing直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语()一、概念一、概念1直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果直接引语：当我们引用别人的话语时，如果引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。引用的是原话，被引用的部分就叫直接引语。The teacher asked，“Do you like English？”The girl said，“I like English very much.”注意：注意：引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内引语前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。直接引语的单词首字母要大写。2间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语
2、时，间接引语：当我们要引用别人的话语时，可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部可以用自己的话把意思转述过来，被转述的部分叫做间接引语。分叫做间接引语。The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.The girl said that she liked English very much.注意：注意：间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要间接引语不用逗号、引号；间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。代词的变化。二、直接引语变间接引语的规则二、直接引语变间接引语的规则直接引语形式变化规
3、则例句陈述句从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应变化通常用that引导宾语从句(口语中that常省略)He said，“Im going shopping”He said that he was going shopping.一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句用whether/if引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号；主句谓语动词为said，则改为asked；主句谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加一个间接宾语me，him，her，us等She said，“Is your father at home？”She asked me whether my father wa
4、s at home.直接直接引引语形式形式变化化规则例句例句特殊特殊疑疑问句句从句中从句中的人称、的人称、时态、指示代指示代词、时间状状语和地点和地点状状语等等要作相要作相应变化化用特殊用特殊疑疑问词引引导宾语从从句，从句句，从句改改为陈述述语序，序，问号改号改为句句号。号。疑疑问式的式的动词改改为陈述式述式“What do you do every Sunday morning？”my friend asked me.My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning.三、时态的变化三、时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语如主句的
5、谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词是现在要作相应的变化；如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态的的变化化例句例句直接引直接引语间接引接引语一般一般现在在时一般一般过去去时He said，“Im a teacher now.”He said that he was a teacher then.现在在进行行时过去去进行行时He said，“Im watching TV.”He said that he was watching TV.现在完成在完成时过去
6、完成去完成时She said，“I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.时态的的变化化例句例句直接引直接引语间接引接引语一般一般过去去时过去去完成完成时He said，“I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成去完成时不不变He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished
7、his homework before supper.一般将来一般将来时过去去将来将来时Zhou Lan said，“Well have a party next week.”Zhou Lan said that they would have a party the next week.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化的变化变化形式化形式例句例句直接引直接引语间接引接引语指指示示代代词thisthatShe said，“I will come this morning.”She said that she would go that morn
8、ing.thesethoseHe said ，“These pens are mine.”He said that those pens were his.变化形式化形式例句例句直接引直接引语间接引接引语时间状状语nowthenHe said，“It is nine oclock now.”He said that it was nine oclock then.todaythat day tonightthat nightHe said，“I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.变化形式化形式例句例句直
9、接引直接引语间接引接引语时间状状语yesterdaythe day beforeShe said，“I went there yesterday.”She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrowthe next (following) dayHe said，“Ill go there tomorrow.”He said that he would go there the next (following) day.变化化形式形式例句例句直接引直接引语间接引接引语地地点点状状语herethereHe said，“My sister
10、 was here three days ago.”He said that his sister had been there three days before.动词comegobringtakeShe said，“I will come here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening.五、直接引语变间接引语时态五、直接引语变间接引语时态“五不变五不变”原则原则原原则例句例句(1)直接引直接引语如果如果描述的是客描述的是客观真真理，理，变为间接引接引语时，时态不不变He said，“Light travels
11、 much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)直接引直接引语中有中有明确表示明确表示过去去时间的状的状语，在，在变为间接引接引语时，一般一般过去去时通常通常不不变He said，“I was born in 1990 in Beijing.”He said that he was born in 1990 in Beijing.原原则例句例句(3)主句的主句的谓语动词是一般是一般现在在时或将或将来来时态，直接引，直接引语变为间接引接引语时，时态通常不通常不变He says，“Tom i
12、s good at Chinese.”He says that Tom is good at Chinese.原原则例句例句(4)在含有在含有时间状状语从句的直接引从句的直接引语中，中，主句的主句的谓语动词为过去去进行行时、过去完成去完成时或或过去将来去将来时，在，在变为间接引接引语时这些些时态通常不通常不变He said，“I was listening to music when she came in.”He said that he was listening to music when she came in.(5)当直接引当直接引语是名是名人名言人名言时，从句，从句时态不不变He
13、said，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”He said where there is a will，there is a way.句型转换句型转换将所给的直接引语变成间接引语。将所给的直接引语变成间接引语。1He asked her，“Where are you going？”He asked her_ _ _ _.答案：答案：where she was going2The lady said，“I shall go there on time.”The lady said that_ _go there on time.答案：答案：she wo
14、uld3He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday.”He told me_ _ _to his father_ _ _.答案：答案：he had written；the day before4The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the bus？”The teacher asked_ _ _waiting for the bus.答案：答案：if I was5The professor said，“Light travels much faster than sound.”The professor sa
15、id that light_much faster than sound.答案：答案：travels6She said，“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.”She said that_mother_ _ _to an exhibition_ _ _.答案：答案：her；had taken her；the day before7My sister said to me，“I will come here next week.”My sister_me that_ _ _ _ _next week.答案：答案：told；she would
16、go there the8“How are you feeling now？”the doctor asked him.The doctor asked him_ _ _feeling_.答案：答案：how he was；then.单项填空单项填空1The teacher said that Columbus_America in 1492.AdiscoveredBfoundChad discovered Dhad found解析：解析：解答本题的关键在于把握整句的语境，解答本题的关键在于把握整句的语境，确定正确的时态形式。直接引语中有具体的表过确定正确的时态形式。直接引语中有具体的表过去的时
17、间状语，变间接引语时，时态不变，故排去的时间状语，变间接引语时，时态不变，故排除除C、D两项，另外，两项，另外，find意为意为“找到失去的东西找到失去的东西或在某个场所发现某人或在某个场所发现某人”，与此题句意不符。，与此题句意不符。discover意为意为“发现了原本存在的事物发现了原本存在的事物”。答案：答案：A2After the examination，my teacher told me that failure_the mother of success.Awas BisCbe Dbeen解析：解析：表示表示“真理，事实真理，事实”的直接引语变为间接的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态
18、不变。引语时，时态不变。答案：答案：B3The child asked his mother_go out to play tennis.Athat he could Bif he couldCif could he Dthat could he解析：解析：直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，常用接引语时，常用if或或whether来引导，且从句来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。中用陈述句语序。答案：答案：B4Mr Brown said he_me the next week.Awould see Bwill seeChad seen Dsaw解析：解析：由句中由
19、句中the next week这一时间状语可知宾这一时间状语可知宾语从句的时态需用过去将来时。语从句的时态需用过去将来时。答案：答案：A5The mother asked her son_.Awhat did he do the day beforeBwhere did he find his lost walletCwhat time he got up that morningDthat if he had finished his homework解析：解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句，变成间直接引语为特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时需用陈述语气，排除接引语时需用陈述语气，排除A、B两项；两项；直接
20、引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语可用直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语可用引导词引导词that引导；直接引语为一般疑问句，引导；直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语时常用变成间接引语时常用if或或whether引导，故引导，故排除排除D项。项。答案：答案：C6He said，“Whats the matter？”He asked_.Awhat the matter is Bwhat the matter wasCwhat is the matter Dwhat was the matter解析：解析：whats the matter是一个陈述句语序的句子，是一个陈述句语序的句子，在变成间接引语时，语序
21、不变，只改变时态。在变成间接引语时，语序不变，只改变时态。答案：答案：D7My mother often says that she_happy with us.Ais BwasChad been Dwould be解析：解析：当主句的谓语是一般现在时态时，从句中当主句的谓语是一般现在时态时，从句中的时态不变。故用的时态不变。故用is。答案：答案：A8Tom told the boss of his company that he_born in 1956.Awas Bhad beenCis Dhas been解析：解析：在有具体的过去时间作状语的直接在有具体的过去时间作状语的直接引语变为间接
22、引语时，时态不变，仍然用一引语变为间接引语时，时态不变，仍然用一般过去时。般过去时。答案：答案：A9He said that his car_stolen and that he_have to telephone the police.Awas；wouldBhas been；willChad been；would Dhad been；will解析：解析：间接引语虽然是由间接引语虽然是由and连接的两个并连接的两个并列的宾语从句，但时态却不一定一致，因为列的宾语从句，但时态却不一定一致，因为此句改为直接引语应为：此句改为直接引语应为：He said，“My car was (has been)
23、 stolen and I will have to telephone the police.”车子被盗是过去，而给车子被盗是过去，而给警察打电话是将来警察打电话是将来(马上，立即马上，立即)，所以变为，所以变为间接引语应分别与所对应的时间一致。间接引语应分别与所对应的时间一致。答案：答案：C10He asked me_I would go to Beijing by air the next day.Athat if BifCthat whether Dhow解析：解析：that，if和和whether都是连接词，不都是连接词，不能连用；能连用；by air已经明确了去北京的方式，故已经明
24、确了去北京的方式，故不选不选how。答案：答案：B11Could you please tell me_get to the nearest bookstore?Ahow I can Bhow can ICwhere I can Dwhere can I解析：解析：考查间接引语的引导词及语序。由考查间接引语的引导词及语序。由the nearest bookstore可知，引导词不用可知，引导词不用where，又因为间接引语要用陈述语序，故，又因为间接引语要用陈述语序，故选选A项。项。答案：答案：A12The teacher said that_.Apractice made perfect B
25、practice would make perfectCpractice makes perfect Dpractice will make perfect解析：解析：“Practice makes perfect.”为谚为谚语，故其时态在宾语从句中不用变化，所语，故其时态在宾语从句中不用变化，所以选以选C。答案：答案：C13Mr Green asked Jack whether he had passed the exam_.Ayesterday Bthe day beforeCthe day ago Dbefore the day解析：解析：由主句谓语动词由主句谓语动词asked可知从句动
26、作可知从句动作发生在发生在“过去的过去过去的过去”，the day before常与常与过去完成时连用。过去完成时连用。答案：答案：B14The teacher told the students that there_a meeting at three oclock.Awere going to have Bare going to beCwill have Dwas going to be解析：解析：主句谓语动词主句谓语动词(told)为过去式，后面为过去式，后面宾语从句中的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时宾语从句中的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时态，故排除态，故排除B项和项和C项。项。A项句子结
27、构错误。项句子结构错误。答案：答案：D15When Tom_ ，please let me know.Mary said when Tom_，just tell her about it.Acomes；comes Bcame；cameCcomes；came Dcomes；coming解析：解析：考查动词时态。第一空为状语从句考查动词时态。第一空为状语从句中一般现在时表将来；第二空因主句谓语中一般现在时表将来；第二空因主句谓语(said)为过去时，宾语从句中谓语动词应用相为过去时，宾语从句中谓语动词应用相应的过去时态。应的过去时态。答案：答案：C写信：致歉写信：致歉一、题目要求一、题目要求假如你
28、是王平，你和你的好朋友李强因为组假如你是王平，你和你的好朋友李强因为组织班级活动时意见不一致产生了争吵，当时织班级活动时意见不一致产生了争吵，当时你的态度非常粗鲁，结果李强不再理你了。你的态度非常粗鲁，结果李强不再理你了。事后你非常后悔，想向李强道歉，可是李强事后你非常后悔，想向李强道歉，可是李强不给你解释的机会。请你给李强写一封信表不给你解释的机会。请你给李强写一封信表达你的歉意，并请求他的原谅。达你的歉意，并请求他的原谅。注意：注意：1.词数：词数：100左右；左右；2.内容要适当发挥，注内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯；意行文连贯；3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。开头已给出，不计入总词数。De
29、ar Li Qiang， In the past few days_二、关键词语二、关键词语最近几天最近几天in the past few days考考虑think about发自内心自内心come from my heart接受我的歉接受我的歉意意accept my apology主要的原因主要的原因the main reason本不本不该不礼不礼貌貌shouldnt have been so impolite是我的是我的过错its my fault三、连词成句三、连词成句1最近几天我一直在考虑上周所发生的事情。最近几天我一直在考虑上周所发生的事情。In the past few days
30、Ive been thinking about what happened last week.2我知道让你接受我的道歉很难。我知道让你接受我的道歉很难。I know that it will be very difficult for you to accept my apology.3我写这封信的主要原因是我们的友谊太珍贵了，我写这封信的主要原因是我们的友谊太珍贵了，不能因为一次争吵就失去。不能因为一次争吵就失去。The main reason why Im writing you this letter is that our friendship is too valuable to lose over a silly argument.四、构思谋篇四、构思谋篇同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
