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1、语法知识梳理语法知识梳理专题十六专题十六 复合句复合句(宾语从句、状语从句宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句和定语从句)1优讲课堂堂中考考点中考考点1. 宾语从句的时态、语序及引宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。导词。2. 状语从句中连词的选择和时状语从句中连词的选择和时态的确定。态的确定。3. 定语从句关系代词和关系副定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择。词的选择。2优讲课堂堂考点一考点一 宾语从句宾语从句 1引导词引导词(1)在在that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，句作宾语，that可以省略。可以省略。The radio says (that) it will be
2、sunny tomorrow.收音机报道说明天是晴天。收音机报道说明天是晴天。3优讲课堂堂(2)连接代词连接代词which，what，who或或连接副连接副词词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。序。Could you tell me _ to you?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？what he said4优讲课堂堂(3)whether 或或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述
3、语序。述语序。I wonder _ you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这则消息了。李雷这则消息了。if/whether5优讲课堂堂注意注意 下列几种情况中，宾语从句的引导下列几种情况中，宾语从句的引导词通常使用词通常使用whether：与与or not连用时，往往用连用时，往往用whether；I dont know whether he will come or not.介词之后用介词之后用whether；It depends on whether it will rain.不定式前用不定式前用whetherI
4、dont know whether to buy it.6优讲课堂堂2时态时态(1)当主句为过去时时，从句要用相应的过去时态。当主句为过去时时，从句要用相应的过去时态。We asked what Jean was doing then.我们问琼那时正在做什么。我们问琼那时正在做什么。(2)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。从句要使用一般现在时。Lisa asked whether light _ faster than sound. 丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。travels/goes7优讲
5、课堂堂3语序（从句一定要用陈述语序）语序（从句一定要用陈述语序）He is a good child. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was a good child.Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether _When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.He asks me, whats the way to the bank?he works hardHe asks me whats the way to the
6、 bank. 8优讲课堂堂提醒提醒 宾语从句与简单句的转换宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为转换为“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词to do”结构的简结构的简单句。单句。I dont know what I should say.I dont know what_我不知道要说什么。我不知道要说什么。to say 9优讲课堂堂考点二考点二 状语从句状语从句 分分类连接接词例句例句时间状状语从句从句when/while/as, before, after, since, until, as soon asMy mother was making di
7、nner when I got home.我到家我到家时妈妈正在做晚正在做晚饭。She brushed teeth quickly after she got up.她起床后快速地刷牙。她起床后快速地刷牙。条件条件状状语从句从句if, unless, as long asI sleep with the windows open unless its really cold.除非真的冷，否除非真的冷，否则我会开着窗我会开着窗户睡睡觉Theyll go hiking if theyre free.如果他如果他们有空的有空的话，他，他们将去徒步旅将去徒步旅行。行。10优讲课堂堂原因原因状状语从句从
8、句because, as, since, forHe felt very sleepy because he stayed up late last night.他感他感觉很困倦，因很困倦，因为昨晚他熬夜昨晚他熬夜到很晚。到很晚。Since weve got ready for it, lets set off now.既然我既然我们已已经准准备好了，那好了，那现在在就出就出发吧。吧。目的目的状状语从句从句so that, in order thatPlease say it more slowly so that we can follow you.请说更慢一些，以便我更慢一些，以便我们能跟
9、上能跟上你。你。11优讲课堂堂结果果状状语从句从句so that, sothat/suchthatIt was so hot that too many people went swimming.天气如此炎天气如此炎热，以至于，以至于许多人去游泳。多人去游泳。Jack was such a clever boy that he solved the hard problem.杰克是如此杰克是如此聪明的一个男孩，他解决了明的一个男孩，他解决了那个那个难题。让步步状状语从句从句though/although, even if/thoughAlthough it was very cold outs
10、ide, they were still working.虽然外面很冷，他然外面很冷，他们仍然在工作。仍然在工作。比比较状状语从句从句than, asas, not as/soasMary is as quiet as her pen pal.玛丽和她的笔友一和她的笔友一样文静。文静。12优讲课堂堂注意注意 1.主句与从句时态主句与从句时态(1)主现从现主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。态动词，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。过马路时要小心。
11、The traffic must stop when the lights _. 当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。turn/are red13优讲课堂堂(2)主将从现主将从现： 主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。现在时。If she _ here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里的话，我将和她一起如果明天她来这里的话，我将和她一起去公园。去公园。(3)过去时态过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。则
12、主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。My father was watching TV when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家时爸爸正在看电视。昨天我到家时爸爸正在看电视。comes14优讲课堂堂2宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。I dont know if(是否是否) he will come. If(如果如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话，我将告诉他我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话，我将告诉他这起事故。这起事故。I dont know when(
13、什么时候什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When(当当的时候的时候)he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 15优讲课堂堂考点三考点三 定语从句定语从句 1关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法引导定语从句的关系代词有引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that。作主作主语作作宾语作定作定语指人指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物指物which/that
14、which/thatwhose16优讲课堂堂2关系代词的特殊用法关系代词的特殊用法(1)下列情况关系词只能用下列情况关系词只能用that先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等时。等时。All (that) you have to do is to practice every day. 你要做的就是每天练习。你要做的就是每天练习。There isnt much (that) I can do.我能做的不多。我能做的不多。17优讲课堂堂先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。T
15、he first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。这是我看过的最好的一部电影。先行词被先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等等不定代词修饰时。不定代词修饰时。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。我已经读完了你给我的所有
16、的书。18优讲课堂堂先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等等修饰时。修饰时。The white flower is the only one that I really like.这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。当主句是以当主句是以who或或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing over there?站在那边的那个人是谁？站在那边的那个人是谁？19优讲课堂堂先行词既有人又有物时。先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about t
17、he persons and things _ we could remember.我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。time作先行词且前面有序数词或作先行词且前面有序数词或 last 修饰时，定修饰时，定语从句用语从句用 that 来引导来引导(that可省略可省略)。The first time (that) I saw him was in 1972.我第一次见到他是在我第一次见到他是在1972年。年。that20优讲课堂堂(2)下列情况只能用下列情况只能用which关系代词作介词的宾语时，用关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词介词which”结结构。构。Thi
18、s is the book for _ you ask.这是你要的书。这是你要的书。引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍了。这本小说很感人，我已经读了三遍了。which21优讲课堂堂考点过关训练考点过关训练1. Do you know _？ For a month.Ahow long will she be away Bhow long she will be awayChow often will she
19、go thereDhow often she will go thereB 22优讲课堂堂2. I wonder _ at 6：00 yesterday afternoon.I was doing my homework in the reading room.Awhat were you doingBwhat did you doCwhat you were doingDwhat you are doingC 23优讲课堂堂3I hate people _ laugh at others when they are in trouble.Awho Bwhom Cwhich Dthey解析解析
20、 考查定语从句的引导词。本句的先行考查定语从句的引导词。本句的先行词是词是people且引导词在定语从句中作主语，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，故选故选A。A24优讲课堂堂4What kind of movies do you like?I like movies_ can cheer me up.Awho BwhatChow Dthat解析解析 考查定语从句。句意：考查定语从句。句意： “你喜欢什你喜欢什么样的电影？么样的电影？” “我喜欢可以使我振作起来我喜欢可以使我振作起来的电影。的电影。”先行词为先行词为movies，且引导词在从，且引导词在从句中作主语，故用句中作主语，故用that或者
21、或者which，故选，故选D。D 25优讲课堂堂5Stop smoking, Joe! You _ yourself if you keep on doing it like that! Awill kill Bhave killedCkill Dkilled解析解析 在在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句引导的条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。A26优讲课堂堂6. Yesterday was my birthday. My friend sent me a CD _is made by Han Geng.Awho BwhatCwhich Dw
22、hom解析解析 考查定语从句。句意：昨天是我考查定语从句。句意：昨天是我的生日。我朋友送了我一张韩庚的的生日。我朋友送了我一张韩庚的CD。定语从句的先行词为定语从句的先行词为CD，且引导词在，且引导词在从句中作主语，故关系词用从句中作主语，故关系词用which。故。故选选C。C 27优讲课堂堂7 What are you doing?Im reading the book _you lent me last week.Awhat Bwho Cwhen Dthat D 28优讲课堂堂8I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight
23、.Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _Astarts Bstarted Cwill start Dis starting解析解析 句意：句意：“我想知道今晚后半夜巴西是否将能赢得我想知道今晚后半夜巴西是否将能赢得比赛。比赛。”“先去睡觉，比赛一开始，我就会把你叫醒。先去睡觉，比赛一开始，我就会把你叫醒。”在时间状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在在时间状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。故选时表将来。故选A。A29优讲课堂堂9What was your brother doing at t
24、his time yesterday?He was reading a magazine _ I was writing an email at home.Aas soon as BafterCuntil DwhileD 30优讲课堂堂10How soon will you start your journey?Im not sure. I havent decided _Awhen shall I ask the boss for leaveBwhere I will go to spend the holidayCwhether I would go by train or by planeDwho could invite me to go B 31优讲课堂堂
