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1、成才之路成才之路 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版 必修必修2ComputersUnit 3Section Learning about Language 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态Unit 3课堂要点探究课堂要点探究 2课堂达标验收课堂达标验收3课前新知预习课前新知预习1课课 时时 作作 业业4课前新知预习课前新知预习根据句意，用所给词的正确时态及语态填空。Over time I _(change)quite a lot.经过一段时间我已被改变了很多。First as a PC and then as a laptop, I _ (
2、use)in offices and homes since the 1970s.自20世纪70年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是作为个人电脑，后来又做成便携式的。Since the 1970s many new applications _ (find) for me.自20世纪70年代以来，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。I _ even _(put) into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.我甚至被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。答案：have been changedhave been usedhave b
3、een foundhave；been put课堂要点探究课堂要点探究一、基础点拨1现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式。肯定式主语have/has been done.否定式主语have/has not been done.一般疑问式Have/Has主语been done.？特殊疑问式疑问词have/has(主语)been done.？一、基础点拨1现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式。The first subway to cross the Yangtze River has been started.(肯定式)第一条横穿长江的地铁已经开工。When and where to have our hol
4、iday hasnt been decided yet.(否定式)我们还没决定何时去何地度假。Has the construction of the underwater tunnel been finished？(一般疑问式)水下隧道的建造已完工了吗？What parts of Gansu Province have been hit by strong winds and heavy snowfall in the past two days？(特殊疑问式)在过去的两天里，甘肃省的什么地方受到大风和大雪侵袭？名师点拨(1)since then/since从句，so far，by now，u
5、p to now，recently，lately，already，yet，in/during the past/last段时间等，常用于现在完成时的句子中。(2)ever，never，already，yet等副词，用于现在完成时的被动语态时，放在has或have之后。2现在完成时的被动语态的用法。(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂性动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。The work has already been completed.这项工作已完成。(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并
6、有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long.？句型中。My car has been repaired for two days.我的车已被修理了两天。The house has been painted since the family moved out.自从这一家人搬出，这座房子已被粉刷。(3)用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。A new plan will be made after this one has been finished.这项计划完成后才能制订新计划。If the
7、 shopping has been done，lets have a rest.如果买完了东西，让我们休息一下吧。二、难点突破1现在完成时的被动语态的助动词，即have/has和been缺一不可。No news has been heard about him since he left his hometown.自从他离开家乡，就没有关于他的任何消息传来。2与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The construction of the market was finished(只说明过去
8、)last year, and the new market has been put(对现在有影响)into use since then.市场建设工作去年完工；自那时起新建市场已被投入使用。3非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。这项工程启动有多久了？*How long has the project been started？(误)*How long ago was the project started？(正)*How l
9、ong has the project been on？(正)名师点拨这类动词的否定形式表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因此可以与for构成的表时间的短语和since构成的表时间的短语或句子连用。No books has been borrowed from the library since he accepted the work.自从他接受这份工作，他没有再从图书馆借过书。4短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。Those leftbehind children have been taken good care of in the loca
10、l kindergarten.那些留守儿童在当地幼儿园已得到很好的照顾。课堂达标验收课堂达标验收.单句语法填空1(2010湖南改编)This coastal area _(name) a national wildlife reserve last year.答案：was named句意：去年，这块沿海地区被命名为国家野生动物保护区。本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知此处应用被动语态。由句中时间状语last year可知，谓语动词应该过去时态。2His sister left home in 1998, and has not_(hear) since.答案：been heard of考查
11、时态及语态。句意：他姐姐1998年离家出走，从此杳无音信。根据句中since可知本题需用完成时，同时根据句意可知需用现在完成时的被动语态。3(2011天津改编)In the last few years thousands of films_(produce) all over the world.答案：have been produced本题考查动词时态及语态。由时间状语in the last few years 可知空格处应用现在完成时；films 与produce之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用完成时的被动形式。句意：在过去的几年里，全世界共拍摄了上千部电影。4I like these En
12、glish songs and they_(teach) many times on the radio.答案：have been taught考查时态和语态。由句意可知应用被动语态；由many times判断应用完成时态。5Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic_(change)答案：has been changed本题考查了时态的用法。句意：尽管我们不知道讨论了什么，但我们可以感觉到改变了话题。后半句强调对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时。6I got caught in the rain and m
13、y suit_(ruin)答案：has been ruined句意：我淋雨了，衣服已淋得不成样子了。名词my suit与动作ruin之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，采用被动语态；此外，“衣服被淋得不成样子”，表示说话时刻的一种“现状”，采用现在时态，所以本句采用现在完成时的被动语态。7With the help of high technology, more and more new substances_(discover)in the past years.答案：have been discovered句意：借助高科技，越来越多的新物质在过去的数年里被人类所发现。说话人客观介绍了目前的科技发展
14、现状，采用现在时态；考虑逻辑关系，“物质”是被人类所发现的，采用被动语态。8If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _(discover)in science and technology.答案：has been discovered句意：如果牛顿还活在世上的话，他会对当今的科学技术感到惊讶。名词science and technology(科学与技术)与动作discover之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以what从句应当采用被动语态。本题含有“虚拟语气”结构，表达了一个“与现在相反的”假设，可以确定what从句应当采用现在时态。
15、此外，时间状语today也是暗示。.用所给词或短语的适当形式填空1When you get your papers back, pay special attention to what _(mark)2In recent years many sports clubs _(run) as business to make a profit.3I want to buy this kind of cloth because I _ (tell)that the cloth washes well.4The flight to Shanghai _(put off) until tomorrow
16、 due to the heavy snow. 5A lot of damage _(cause) by a snowstorm which hit the north of the country last night. 6I like these songs very much, which _ (teach) recently on the radio.7When and where our professor will give us a lecture _(decide) yet.8A notice _(put up)on the wall to inform us of the date of the gettogether.答案：1.has been marked2. have been run3.have been told4.has been put off 5.has been caused6.have been taught 7.hasnt been decided8.has been put up课课 时时 作作 业业点此链接点此链接
