季学期大学英语4视频答疑

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1、2012年春季学期大年春季学期大学英语学英语4视频答疑视频答疑Unit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love2012201220122012年春季学期年春季学期年春季学期年春季学期大学英语大学英语大学英语大学英语4 4 4 4视频答疑视频答疑视频答疑视频答疑Love letterLove letterLove letterLove letterPuppy love Puppy love Puppy love Puppy love Blind dateBlind dateBlind dateBlind date独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结

2、结结 构构构构一、独立主格结构的概念一、独立主格结构的概念二、独立主格结构的形式二、独立主格结构的形式三、独立主格结构的用法三、独立主格结构的用法1 1、不定式、不定式2 2、现在分词、现在分词3 3、过去分词、过去分词四、使用独立主格结构的注意事项四、使用独立主格结构的注意事项五、独立主格结构练习题五、独立主格结构练习题独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构一、独立主格一、独立主格一、独立主格一、独立主格结结构的基本概念构的基本概念构的基本概念构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个

3、特点：1.1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2.2. 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。3.3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格结结构的常构的常构的常构的常见见形式形式形式形式独立主格类型独立主格类型1 1：名词（代词）：名词（代词）+ +现在分词现在分词The question The question being settled, we went home. , we went ho

4、me. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。问题解决之后，我们就回家了。We We shall shall play play the the match match tomorrow, tomorrow, weather weather permitting. . 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。The The monitor monitor being ill, , wed wed better better put put the the meeting meeting off. off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。独独独

5、独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格结构的常见形式二、独立主格结构的常见形式二、独立主格结构的常见形式二、独立主格结构的常见形式独立主格独立主格类型类型2 2：名词（代词）：名词（代词）+ +过去分词过去分词The job The job finished, we went home. , we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。工作结束后我们就回家了。The last bus The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. , we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家

6、。最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格结结构的常构的常构的常构的常见见形式形式形式形式独立主格独立主格类型类型3 3：名词（代词）：名词（代词）+ +不定式不定式Nobody Nobody to come tomorrow, we we will will have have to to put put off off the the meeting till next week. meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。如果明天没有人

7、来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。 So many people So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格结结构的常构的常构的常构的常见见形式形式形式形式独立主格独立主格类型类型4 4：名词（代词）：名词（代词）+ +介词短语介词短语A girl came in, book A girl came in, book

8、 in hand. . 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。He was waiting, his eyes He was waiting, his eyes on her back. . 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格结结构的常构的常构的常构的常见见形式形式形式形式独立主格独立主格类型类型5 5：名词（代词）：名词（代词）+ +形容词或副词形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth He sat in t

9、he front row, his mouth half open. . 他坐在前排，嘴半开着。他坐在前排，嘴半开着。She sat at the table, collar She sat at the table, collar off, head , head down. .她坐在桌前，衣领解掉，头低下来。她坐在桌前，衣领解掉，头低下来。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格二、独立主格结结构的常构的常构的常构的常见见形式形式形式形式独立主格独立主格类型类型6 6：There being +There being +名词（代词）名词

10、（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home. nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no no further further business, business, I I declare declare the the meeting meeting closed. closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格二、独立主

11、格二、独立主格二、独立主格结结构的常构的常构的常构的常见见形式形式形式形式独立主格独立主格类型类型7 7：It being +It being +名词（代词）名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. a holiday, all the shops were shu

12、t. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构二、独立主格结构的常见形式二、独立主格结构的常见形式二、独立主格结构的常见形式二、独立主格结构的常见形式WITH WITH 复合结构：复合结构：Dont sleep Dont sleep with the windows open. . 别开着窗睡觉。别开着窗睡觉。He stood before his teacher He stood before his teacher with his head down. . 他低着头站在老师面前。他低着头站在老师面前。S

13、he came in She came in with a book in her hand. . 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。她手里拿着一本书走了进来。He fell asleep He fell asleep with the lamp burning. . 他他没没熄熄灯灯就就睡睡着了。着了。He sat there He sat there with his eyes closed. . 他他闭闭目目坐坐在在那那儿。儿。I cant go out I cant go out with all these clothes to wash. . 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。要洗这些衣服，我无

14、法出去了。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格结结构的用法构的用法构的用法构的用法独独立立主主格格结结构构主主要要表表示示谓谓语语动动词词发发生生的的时时间间、原原因因、条条件件或或伴伴随情况等，随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。1. 1. 用作时间状语用作时间状语The The work work done (=After (=After the the work work had had been been done), done), we we went went home. home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。

15、工作完成后，我们就回家了。2. 2. 用作条件状语用作条件状语Weather Weather permitting (=If (=If weather weather permits), permits), they they will will go go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独

16、立主格结结构的用法构的用法构的用法构的用法3. 3. 用作原因状语用作原因状语An An important important lecture lecture to be given tomorrow (=As (=As an an important important lecture lecture will will be be given given tomorrow), tomorrow), the the professor has to stay up late into the night. professor has to stay up late into the nig

17、ht. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。4. 4. 用作伴随状语用作伴随状语He He was was lying lying on on the the grass, grass, his his hands hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head). (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。独独独独 立

18、立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格结结构的用法构的用法构的用法构的用法5. 5. 表示补充说明表示补充说明A A hunter hunter came came in, in, his his face face red with cold (=and (=and his his face face was red with cold). was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。注注：独独立立主主格格结结构构表表示示时时间间、条条件件或或原原因因时时，相相当当于于一一

19、个个状状语语从从句句，一一般般放放在在句句首首，表表示示原原因因时时还还可可放放在在句句末末；表表伴伴随随状状况况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格结结构的用法构的用法构的用法构的用法1. 1. 名词或代词名词或代词+ +不定式不定式其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。如：其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。如：Nobody Nobody to come tomorrow, , we we will will

20、 have have to to put put off off the the meeting till next week. meeting till next week. 如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。 So many people So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. , he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格三、独立

21、主格三、独立主格三、独立主格结结构的用法构的用法构的用法构的用法2. 2. 名词或代词名词或代词+ +现在分词现在分词其其中中的的现现在在分分词词通通常常表表示示动动作作正正在在进进行行（或或当当时时正正在在进进行行）。She ran up to me, her hair She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind. . 她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。她向我跑来，秀发在风中飘扬着。注：有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况。如：注：有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况。如：Their Their room room was was on on

22、the the third third floor, floor, its its window window overlooking the sports ground. . 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格结结构的用法构的用法构的用法构的用法3. 3. 名词或代词名词或代词+ +过去分词过去分词其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义。如：其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义。如：This This done, they next set to clean

23、the room. , they next set to clean the room. 做完这件事之后，他们接下来就开始清理房间。做完这件事之后，他们接下来就开始清理房间。She gazed, her hands She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast. . 她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。她凝视着，双手叉在胸前。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格结构的用法三、独立主格结构的用法三、独立主格结构的用法三、独立主格结构的用法在在通通常常情情况况下下，分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，则应改用其他句型。如

24、：若不一致，则应改用其他句型。如：误：误：Crossing the road, the road, a car knocked him down. knocked him down. 正：正：Crossing the road, the road, he was knocked down by a car. was knocked down by a car. 过马路时他被车撞倒了。过马路时他被车撞倒了。正正：When he was was crossing crossing the the road, road, a car knocked knocked him him down. dow

25、n. 他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格三、独立主格结结构的用法构的用法构的用法构的用法解解决决状状语语分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语与与句句子子主主语语不不一一致致的的问问题题，也也可可在在分分词词前前加加一一个个名名词词或或代代词词，使使之之成成为为分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语。由由于于加加在在分分词词前前的的名名词词或或代代词词要要用用主主格格形形式式，故故称称分分词词的的独独立立主主格格结结构构。如：如：The job The job finished, we went hom

26、e. , we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。工作结束后我们就回家了。The weather The weather being fine, we went swimming. , we went swimming. 天气很好，我们就去游泳了。天气很好，我们就去游泳了。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格结结构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事项项1. 1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换独立主格与状语从句的转换当当状状语语从从句句的的主主语语与与主主句句的的主主语语不不是是指指同同一一个个对对

27、象象时时，可可用用独独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After After class class was was over over (=Class (=Class being over / / Class Class over), ), the students soon left the classroom.the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。下课后，学生很快离开了教室。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格四、使

28、用独立主格四、使用独立主格结结构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事项项2. 2. 不能省略不能省略being (having been)being (having been)的情形的情形在在下下列列两两种种情情况况下下，独独立立主主格格结结构构中中的的beingbeing（或或having having beenbeen）不能省略：）不能省略：(1) (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。如：独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church. we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。因为是星期天，我们去了做

29、礼拜。(2) (2) 在在There beingThere being名词的结构中。如：名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格结结构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事项项3. 3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词通常不用物主代词或冠词在在“名名词词（或或代代词词）介介词词

30、短短语语”构构成成的的独独立立主主格格结结构构中中，一一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. .史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较比较withwith的复合结构：的复合结构：Miss Miss Smith Smith entered entered the the classroom, classroom, with a book in his hand.

31、 .独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格四、使用独立主格结结构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事构的注意事项项4. 4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。主编来了，我们开始开会。比较动名词复合结构：比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised. made us very su

32、rprised.独独独独 立立立立 主主主主 格格格格 结结结结 构构构构四、使用独立主格结构的注意事项四、使用独立主格结构的注意事项四、使用独立主格结构的注意事项四、使用独立主格结构的注意事项5. 5. 独立主格的时态问题独立主格的时态问题独独立立主主格格结结构构作作时时间间或或原原因因状状语语时时，可可用用完完成成时时，表表示示该该动动作作发生在谓语之前。如：发生在谓语之前。如：The The listeners listeners having taken their their seats, seats, the the concert concert began.began.听众坐好

33、后，音乐会开始了。听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。Unit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love1 All things_, the planned trip will have to be called off. A. consideringB. be considered C. consideredD. having consideredUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 2 The speech_, a live

34、ly discussion started. A. to be delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been deliveredUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 3 All examination paper_, the teacher let the students leave. A. handing in B. having handed in C. to be handed in D. having been handed inUnit 6 Falling in

35、 LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 4 _, he slipped through the window. A. With anyone noticing B. With anyone noticed C. Without anyone noticing D. Without nobody noticedUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 5 The question_finally, we went home. A. to be settledB. settling C. having settled D. settl

36、edUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 6 _, they made their way through the street. A. He guided B. With his guiding C. He is guiding D. He had guidedUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 7 _, the rivers were open and navigable. A. Being summer B. Been summer C. To be summer D. It was

37、 summerUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 8 The meeting_over, the representatives went to visit the farm. A. bee B. being C. is D. to beUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 9 Her children_far away from her, the old lady feels lonely sometimes. A. to liveB. living C. livedD. having

38、livedUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 10 I cant do my homework with all this noise_. A. is going onB. to go on C. gone onD. going onUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 11 We redoubled our efforts, each man_like two. A. workedB. been working C. workingD. to be workedUnit 6 Fallin

39、g in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 12 With John_theres more room in the house. A. to be awayB. been away C. awayD. was awayUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 13 The temperature_, the chemical reaction is being speeded up. A. raisedB. being risen C. risingD. raisingUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6

40、 Falling in Love 14 The country is faced with great problems, starvation_the top of them. A. has beenB. is C. beingD. is beingUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in Love 15 The soldiers jumped into the river_past their ears. A. with bullets whistling B. with bullets whistled C. with bullets to whistle D. with bullets being whistlingUnit 6 Falling in LoveUnit 6 Falling in L