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1、Section Grammar & Writing定语从句定语从句()一、概念一、概念A plane is a machine that can fly.1定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。本单元主要讲述定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。本单元主要讲述关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系
2、词。关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分为关系代词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等等)和关系副词和关系副词(when，where，why等等)两类。关系两类。关系词通常有三个作用：词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。例如：例如：A plane is a machine that can fly.上面例句中的上面例句中的that can fly即为定语从句，其前面的名即为定语从句，其前面的名词词machine是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先
3、行词，是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，that是引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词。是引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词。二、关系代词的基本用法二、关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词用法用法例句例句that既可指既可指人也可人也可指物，指物，在定在定语从句中从句中作主作主语、宾语或或表表语，作作宾语时常可常可省略省略This is the factory that produces cars.(作作主主语，指物，指物)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.(作主作主语，指，指人人)The film (that) we saw yesterda
4、y is interesting.(作作宾语，指，指物物)which指物，在指物，在定定语从句从句中作主中作主语、宾语或表或表语，作，作宾语时常可常可省略省略China is a country which has a long history.(作主作主语)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.(作作宾语)who指人，在指人，在定定语从句从句中作主中作主语、宾语或表或表语，作，作宾语时常可常可省略省略I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作
5、主作主语)She is not the girl who she was.(作表作表语)whom指人，指人，who的的宾格，在格，在定定语从句中从句中作作宾语，常，常可省略，在可省略，在口口语中可用中可用who或或that代替代替Here is the man (whom) you are looking for.The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.whose可指人，也可指人，也可指物，在可指物，在定定语从句中从句中作定作定语。指。指人人时，相当，相当于于of whom；指物指物时，相，相当于当于of whichTh
6、is is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(指指人人)The room whose windows face east is mine.(指物指物)The room the windows of which face east is mine.as既可指人，也可指既可指人，也可指物，在定物，在定语从句中从句中作主作主语、宾语或表或表语。它常用在。它常用在the same.as.，such.as.，as.as.等句型中，等句型中，as不能省略不能省略Such teachers as know Tom think him
7、bright.(指人，作指人，作主主语)Ill buy the same dictionary as you have.(指指物，作物，作宾语)三、只用三、只用that不用不用which引导定语从句的情况引导定语从句的情况用法用法例句例句1.先行先行词为不定代不定代词时，如，如all，much，little，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，no one等等I have said all (that) I want to say.Is there anything (that) I can do for you？2.先行先行词被形容被形容词最
8、高最高级、序数、序数词修修饰或本身就是最高或本身就是最高级、序数、序数词时This is the best film that has been shown in the city.Well never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.3.先行先行词被被the only，the very，the last，just，all，every，no，little，few，any等修等修饰时This is the very book (that) I want to buy.There is little work (
9、that) you can do.The only thing (that) I can do is to have a rest.4.先行先行词既有人既有人又有物又有物时They talked about the men and the things that they saw.5.当主句是以当主句是以which或或who开开头的疑的疑问句句时Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night？Who is the man that is reading over there？6.关系代关系代词作作to be的的表表语时China isnt the
10、 country (that) it used to be.7.主句是主句是there be结构构时，修，修饰其主其主语的定的定语从句用从句用that引引导There is a table in the corner that is folded away.8.当先行当先行词前有前有the same修修饰，先行，先行词和关系代和关系代词指同一指同一物物时She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.四、只用四、只用which不用不用that引导定语从句引导定语从句的情况的情况用法用法例句例句1.当关系代当关系代词前有前有介介词时Th
11、is is the house in which he once lived.2.引引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句时Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.3.一个句子中有两一个句子中有两个定个定语从句从句时，为避免重复，一个用避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用，另一个宜用whichHe bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to
12、 kill time.4.当先行当先行词本身是本身是that时The clock is that which tells the time.定语从句注意事项定语从句注意事项1关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。 He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先行词为先行词) He is one of the students who know French.(students为先行词为先行词)2关系代词的省
13、略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语词作动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。时常可省略。The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming.3the same.as与与the same.that引导的定语从句的区引导的定语从句的区别：前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西；而后者修饰的别：前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西；而后者修饰的就是先行词所指的东西。就是先行词所指的东西。This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢
14、的那只手表一样。这和我丢的那只手表一样。(不是同一只不是同一只)This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢失的那只手表。这就是我丢失的那只手表。(同一只同一只)4such后可接后可接as引导的定语从句，也可接引导的定语从句，也可接that引导的结果状语从句。引导的结果状语从句。I hope to get such a pen as he is using.我希望得到一我希望得到一支像他在使用的一样的钢笔。支像他在使用的一样的钢笔。(定语从句定语从句)I hope to get such a pen that I can do my homework wit
15、h it without using others我希望得到一支钢笔，我希望得到一支钢笔，这样我就能用它做作业而不用借别人的。这样我就能用它做作业而不用借别人的。(结果状语从结果状语从句句).用用that，who，whom，which，whose完成完成下列句子下列句子1This is the person_you should thank for helping your son.答案：答案：who/that/whom2The man_is standing there is a famous writer.答案：答案： who/that3The pen_he bought yesterda
16、y is the same as mine.答案：答案： that/which4The house_is at the corner of the street is painted red.答案：答案： that/which5The boy_name is Tom comes from America.答案：答案： whose6It is said that the chair_leg is broken is worth a lot of money.答案：答案： whose7This is the best film_has been shown so far in the city.答
17、案：答案： that8I have many friends to_I am going to send postcards.答案：答案： whom9We should do everything_we should do.答案：答案： that10The beautiful girl_we often talk about is Li Pings sister.答案：答案： that/who/whom11Who_you have ever known can sing it better?答案：答案： that12I still remember the people and the thi
18、ngs_I met in my hometown.答案：答案： that13The only thing_I can remember is the big fire.答案：答案： that14I dont know the boy_is sitting behind you.答案：答案： who/that15He asked about the factories and workers_we had just visited.答案：答案： that.单项填空单项填空1Tom is good at maths，so I think he is the student_can help you
19、 to work out this problem.AwhomBwhoCwhich Dwhat解析：解析：先行词先行词the student指人，定语从句中缺主语，指人，定语从句中缺主语，因此应用因此应用who引导定语从句。引导定语从句。答案：答案： B2Im not sure whether this is the book_my brother read the year before last.Awhose BasCwhat Dwhich解析：解析：先行词先行词the book指物，定语从句缺少指物，定语从句缺少宾语，因此应填宾语，因此应填which引导定语从句。关系代引导定语从句。关系
20、代词词as引导限制性定语从句时，仅用于引导限制性定语从句时，仅用于the same.as.，such.as.等句型中。等句型中。答案：答案： D3Im sorry that I dont know much about American films，because this is the first American film_I have ever seen.Awhich BthatCwhat Das解析：解析：先行词先行词American film前面有序数词前面有序数词the first修饰，因此只能用修饰，因此只能用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。答案：答案： B4Some gre
21、at people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons_they were fond of_influenced their whole lives.Awhich；that Bthat；whichCwhich；which Dthat；that解析：解析：第一空考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词中第一空考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词中既含有人又含有物，所以用既含有人又含有物，所以用that。第二空用。第二空用that构成构成It was.that.强调句型。强调句型。答案：答案： D5Which of the two
22、 cows_you keep produce more milk?Athat BwhichCwhom Dwhat解析：解析：主语是以主语是以which开头的特定疑问句，所以要用开头的特定疑问句，所以要用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。答案：答案： A6The most important thing_we should pay attention to is the first thing_I have said.Awhich；that Bthat；whichCwhich；which Dthat；that解析：解析：当先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，当先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修
23、饰时，定语从句用定语从句用that引导。引导。答案：答案： D7Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest_everyone likes to visit.Athat BasCwhich Dwhat解析：解析：“such名词名词”后接从句时，若引导词在句后接从句时，若引导词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，则用中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，则用as引导定语从句。引导定语从句。该句中引导词在从句中作该句中引导词在从句中作visit的宾语，故用的宾语，故用as。若引。若引导词在从句中不作成分，则用导词在从句中不作成分，则用that引导结果状语从
24、句。引导结果状语从句。答案：答案： B8This is the boy without_help I couldnt have passed that difficult exam.Awho BwhomCwhose Dthat解析：解析：先行词先行词the boy指人，定语从句缺少定语，因指人，定语从句缺少定语，因此该空应填此该空应填whose引导定语从句。引导定语从句。答案：答案： C9The boy_is cleaning the blackboard now is Toms best friend.Athat BwhomCwhose Dhe解析：解析：先行词是先行词是“人人”，关系代词用
25、，关系代词用who/that。答案：答案： A10The man makes full use of the time_he can spare.Awith which BwhenCit Dthat解析：解析：先行词是先行词是“物物”，并且作，并且作spare的宾语，所以的宾语，所以关系代词用关系代词用which/that。答案：答案： D11Look out！Dont get too close to the house_roof is under repair.Awhose BwhichCof which Dthat解析：解析：此题考查定语从句。句意为：此题考查定语从句。句意为：“小心！不
26、要小心！不要靠近这所房子，房顶正在修理靠近这所房子，房顶正在修理”。从结构上看，。从结构上看，“_roof is under repair”是定语从句修饰是定语从句修饰house。从意义上看，空格处应填一个表示。从意义上看，空格处应填一个表示“这所房子这所房子的的”的关系代词，所以要用的关系代词，所以要用whose。答案：答案： A12He told us the stories and the writers_interested him.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwho解析：解析：在修饰两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先在修饰两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时用行词时用tha
27、t。在此句中。在此句中that修饰修饰stories和和writers，它，它既可修饰人也可修饰物，又在从句中作主语。既可修饰人也可修饰物，又在从句中作主语。答案：答案： A13Anything_could be found has been used to repair the damaged bridge.Awhich BthatCwhat Dhow解析：解析：考查定语从句。当先行词为考查定语从句。当先行词为anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that而不用而不用which。答案：答案： B14Those_want to see the film please
28、write down your names here.Athem BwhatCwhose Dwho解析：解析：当代词当代词those用做先行词且指人，并在从用做先行词且指人，并在从句中作主语时，关系代词通常使用句中作主语时，关系代词通常使用who。答案：答案：D15This is the factory_we visited the other day.Awhere Bin whichCthere D/解析：解析：先行词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，本题先行词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，本题省略了省略了that/which。答案：答案： D描写：报纸文章描写：报纸文章一、题目要求一、题目要求请根
29、据所给提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍当今请根据所给提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍当今中国教育的基本情况。中国教育的基本情况。要点：要点：1.九年义务教育，六岁入学；九年义务教育，六岁入学；2初中毕业后，可入高中或职业学校；初中毕业后，可入高中或职业学校；3在高校，部分费用由家庭承担；在高校，部分费用由家庭承担；4中国教育尽管成绩巨大，但仍需要改革。中国教育尽管成绩巨大，但仍需要改革。注意：注意：1.词数：词数：100左右；左右；2内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯。内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯。二、关键词语二、关键词语义务教育教育compulsory education职业学校学校professiona
30、l school由由提供提供be provided by得到某人的支持得到某人的支持get the support from sb.一系列的一系列的a series of在教育在教育领域域in the field of education部分部分费用用part of the cost三、连词成句三、连词成句 1.当今中国的教育发展迅速。当今中国的教育发展迅速。Education in China today has been developing rapidly.2在上大学之前，学生们必须通过很多考试。在上大学之前，学生们必须通过很多考试。Students have to pass a series of examinations before entering a college or university.3尽管中国的教育发生了很大的变化，但还有许多尽管中国的教育发生了很大的变化，但还有许多方面需要改进。方面需要改进。Though great changes have taken place in the field of education in China，there is still much to be improved.四、构思谋篇四、构思谋篇同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
