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1、英语句子概论 基本成分 附属成分 独立成分 省略成分 连接成分 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语主语 系动词系动词 表表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)There + be / stand/ lie / live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型
2、主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(直)宾语(间)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become
3、/get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主
4、语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere lies a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例 简单句的基本句型简单句的基本句型1.主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语A.表变化的表变化的:turn become get go fall growB.表状态的表状态的:be seem appear The cake tastes _.good C.表感官的表感官的:feel seem look
5、 sound taste smell D.表变化结果的：表变化结果的：become come prove turn E.表状态持续的：表状态持续的：stay keep remain continueIt comes after a time.easy2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 Tom died. Great changes have taken place . 注意几个注意几个“发生发生”：happen take place break out occur- How old is she?- She has just turned 40.The play prove to be goo
6、d.fall ill/lame/silent/asleepShe turned teacher but her brother became a doctor.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 We study English. We thought the plan over all the night. We are living a happy life. 4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 I gave him some money. 或或 I gave some money to him.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补We think the job easy
7、. We made him monitor .The teacher asks us to read English more .注意注意:省省toThe teacher letsmakeshave us read English more.We practise writing in English.(形容词做宾补形容词做宾补)(名词做宾补名词做宾补)(动词不定式动词不定式)(动名词做宾补动名词做宾补)一感一感, 二听二听, 三让三让, 四看四看, 半帮助半帮助 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构此结构为此结构为:主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+其它成分其它成分。 及物动词（及物动词（Transit
8、ive Verb）后需跟有直接宾语，）后需跟有直接宾语， 它可以有一个或两个宾语或复合宾语，它可以有一个或两个宾语或复合宾语，作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句。作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式及从句。（很多动词既可以作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。）（很多动词既可以作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。）只有及物动词才有被动语态。应用过程中要注意时态、只有及物动词才有被动语态。应用过程中要注意时态、语态、人称和数。语态、人称和数。我有一块表我有一块表.他有一本书他有一本书. 他们有自行车他们有自行车.昨天他买了一台电脑昨天他买了一台电脑. I have a watch. He ha
9、s a book. They have bikes. They bought a computer yesterday.1.你英语讲得很好你英语讲得很好.2.他非常喜欢英语他非常喜欢英语.3.我们正在植树我们正在植树.*4.小明上个月收到了一封来自美国的信小明上个月收到了一封来自美国的信.5.老师今下午将参加我们的班会老师今下午将参加我们的班会. You speak English very well. He likes English very much. We are planting trees. Xiao Ming received a letter from America last
10、 month. The teacher is going to join in our class meeting this afternoon. 一一.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+名词名词/代词代词+状语状语. 6昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 7这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。 8他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。 9那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 10Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。 I wrote a letter last night. He has read this book many times. They have
11、 carried out the plan successfully. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. Jim cannot dress himself. He brings me cookies every day. 二二.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+ 间接宾语间接宾语(人人)+ 直接宾语直接宾语(物物) 用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人朝着，向着，对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示表示为了某人，替某人为了某人，替某人(buy, do, make, d
12、raw)。She made a beautiful dress for me. 但若要但若要先说出先说出直接宾语（事物），直接宾语（事物），后说后说间接宾（人）间接宾（人）则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。 如：如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 常跟双宾语的动词有（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有（需借助to的）的）:1bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send,show,teach, tell,
13、 write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的的:）2 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。11.父亲将为我买个随身听父亲将为我买个随身听.12. 他已把真相告诉我他已把真相告诉我.13.你能借我你能借我5元钱吗元钱吗?14. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 15奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 My father will buy me a walkman. He has told me the truth
14、.Can you lend me five yuan? Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 16.请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 17.他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 18.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？19.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。20.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。 Would you please pass me t
15、he dictionary? He showed the conductor the ticket Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour. He bought his mother a new coat with his first months salary. 三三.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+动名词动名词 只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有十六个：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep on ,look forward to、enjoy
16、、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss。I have just finished doing my home work. I suggested asking his brother for some money. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.21.请你把你的英汉词典借我用一下，好吗？请你把你的英汉词典借我用一下，好吗？ 22.我建议换一种方法试一试？我建议换一种方法试一试？
17、 23. 我们应该经常练习说英语我们应该经常练习说英语.24. 我已经打扫完教室了我已经打扫完教室了. 25.我禁不住大笑起来我禁不住大笑起来 Would you mind lending me your English Chinese dictionary for a while? I suggest trying it in a different way. We should often practise speaking English. We have finished cleaning the classroom. I cant help laughing. 三三.主语主语+及物动
18、词及物动词+动词不定式动词不定式 英语中能以不定式作宾语的动词有很多英语中能以不定式作宾语的动词有很多.常见的有常见的有:like, want, wish,hate, prefer, hope, manage, try, offer, start, ask, forget, promise, pretend, intend, begin, attempt, decide, desire, agree, learn, choose, expect等等等等. Dont forget to bring your dictionary. I have decided to give up teachi
19、ng . We all expect to see you.26. 我们希望尽快见到你我们希望尽快见到你. 27. 他假装没看见我他假装没看见我.28. 你打算买下那座房子吗你打算买下那座房子吗?29. 他们设法扑灭了那场大火他们设法扑灭了那场大火.30. 那家公司提出给我校那家公司提出给我校5000册书册书. We hope to see you as soon as possible. He pretended not to see me. Do you intend to buy that house? They managed to put out the big fire. That
20、 company offered to give our school 5000 books. .31. 我多想有一条那样的裙子我多想有一条那样的裙子. 32. 这房子需要打扫了这房子需要打扫了.(want) 33. 十岁以上的小孩需要买票十岁以上的小孩需要买票.34.自行车需要修理了自行车需要修理了.(need) I want to have a skirt like that. The house wants cleaning. The house wants to be cleaned. The children over 10 years old need to buy tickets
21、. The bike needs repairing. The bike needs to be repaired.forget to do sth. doing sth. remember to do sth. doing sth. regret stop try mean go on to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. to do sth. doing sth. 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事忘记已做过某事忘记已做过某事 记住去做某事记住去做某事记得已经做过
22、某事记得已经做过某事 后悔后悔/遗憾去做某事遗憾去做某事后悔做过某事后悔做过某事 停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事停止做一件事停止做一件事 努力努力/试图做某事试图做某事尝试着做某事尝试着做某事 意欲意欲/想想/企图做某事企图做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事做完某事接着做另一件事做完某事接着做另一件事继续做同一件事继续做同一件事 cant help to do sth. doing sth. 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事情不自禁地做某事情不自禁地做某事35. 我们必须设法及时把一切准备好我们必须设法及时把一切准备好. 36. 他们累了他们累了,因此停下来休息因此停下来休息. 37. 这意味着
23、帮助你这意味着帮助你.38. 记得向你父母问好记得向你父母问好. 39.我无法帮助做这件事情我无法帮助做这件事情.40.他后悔把那坏消息告诉了母亲他后悔把那坏消息告诉了母亲. We must try to get everything ready in time. They were tired so they stopped to have a rest. This means helping you. Please remember to give my regards to your parents. We cant help to do it. He regretted telling
24、 his mother the bad news. 41.不知您能否帮个忙。不知您能否帮个忙。 42.我不知道他在哪个学校。我不知道他在哪个学校。 43.我不知他发生了什么事。我不知他发生了什么事。 44.你能告诉我离这里最近的邮局在哪儿吗？你能告诉我离这里最近的邮局在哪儿吗？ 45.我认为看太多的电视对你的健康不利。我认为看太多的电视对你的健康不利。 I wonder /dont know what happened to him. I wonder if you can do me a favor. I dont know which school he is in. I think wa
25、tching TV too much is bad for your health. Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?四四 .主语主语+及物动词及物动词+ 从句从句 46.她告诉我她去过北京。她告诉我她去过北京。 47.我怀疑他是否在说真话。我怀疑他是否在说真话。 48.我认为我们应花更多的时间练习口语是必要的。我认为我们应花更多的时间练习口语是必要的。49. 我们认为年轻人掌握至少两门外语是可能的。我们认为年轻人掌握至少两门外语是可能的。50.你知道他何时动身去香港吗你知道他何时动身去香港吗?. She told me she had been to Beijing. I doubt whether he is telling the truth. I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practicing spoken English. We think it possible that young people master at least two foreign languages.Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong?
