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1、选修8Module 1 Deep South课程解读课程解读话题Deep South(南极）语法Review of subjects and verbs (复习主语及动词形式）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.annual adj.每年的2.extreme adj.极端的；极度的3.trap v.储存，留存；使陷入困境4.balance v.使平衡5.depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的6.minimum n.最少量；最小数7.privilege n.荣幸8.befriend v.对待如朋友9.depth n.深度deep adj.深的deepen v.加深；使变深10.pro
2、mote v.促进，增进promotion n.促进；促销11.abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的normal（反义词）adj.正常的12.absence n.缺乏；没有absent adj.缺席的13.reliability n.可靠性reliable adj.可靠的rely v.依赖；依靠课程解读课程解读重点短语1.on average平均2.adapt to使适应3.in the form of以形式4.be trapped in陷入5.stand out引人注目，突出6.set foot on进入，到达7.in particular特别地e into sight进入视野e up
3、 with想出；提供10.keep ones promise信守诺言11.discourage sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事12.in case of如果；假使重点句型1.They then headed north，pulling three lifeboats behind them.然后他们朝北走，身后拖着三艘救生船。2.Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer.直到18世纪末英国探险家才知识要点知识要点要点一要点一 单词单词1.trap v.储存，留存，使（某物）留在某处储存，留存，使（某物
4、）留在某处;使使陷入陷入困境困境n.陷阱陷阱;捕捉动物的器具捕捉动物的器具;圈套，诡计；埋伏圈套，诡计；埋伏归纳拓展（1）be trapped in被困在trap sb.into sth./doing sth.用计捕捉某人或使某人上当（2）set/lay a trap for.对设下圈套,布好陷阱be caught in a trap of落入陷阱；陷入的困境a mouse-trap/fly-trap老鼠夹/捕蝇器知识要点知识要点例句：They were trapped in the burning house.他们被困在燃烧着的房子里了。I was trapped into telling
5、the police all I knew.我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警察。We set traps in the attic for the mice.我们在阁楼里设下了老鼠夹子。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Chinese news reported today that a woman in Hongbai had been rescued after _ in a tunnel for nine days.A.trappingB.being trappedC.having trappedD.to be trapped【解析解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：中国新闻今天报
6、道在Hongbai一个被困在地下管道九天的妇女被救了出来。the woman与trap之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，排除A、C项；根据题意可知，被困这一动作已经发生，故排除表示将来的to be trapped。正确答案为B项。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点When we arrived at the building，we found the man _ in the fire.A.trappingB.trapC.trappedD.to trap【解析解析】“某人被困于中”常译作sb.be trapped in.,故句中空白处应用过去分词trapped作宾补，选C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要
7、点2.promote vt.宣传，推销（产品）；提升，晋升（常用宣传，推销（产品）；提升，晋升（常用于被动语态）；支持，促进；鼓励于被动语态）；支持，促进；鼓励归纳拓展（1）promote development/growth/understanding促进发展/增长/加深了解promote sb.from sth.to sth.把某人从某职位提升至某职位be promoted to.被升为（2）promotion n.提升，晋级；促销产品gain/get promotion of sth.(对某事业的)促进，提倡，赞助win promotion获得晋级，争取晋升知识要点知识要点例句：Do y
8、ou have any idea how to promote the sales of this product?如何来推销这种产品你有什么好办法吗？The organization works to promote friendship between the two nations.该组织为了促进两国之间的友谊而工作。Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.我们的老师已经被提升为校长了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】In the financial crisis of 2008, many countries adopted diff
9、erent policies to _ economic growth.A.preventB.promoteC.deliverD.accumulate【解析解析】考查动词短语辨析。prevent“阻止，制止”；promote“提升，促销，促进”；deliver“发表演讲；生（孩子）；派送”；accumulate“加快速度”。句意为:在2008年的经济危机中，许多国家采取了不同的政策促进经济的发展。根据题意可知答案为B。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点The company _ the rock groups record by playing it often on the radio.A.pr
10、omisedB.promotedC.progressedD.proceeded【解析解析】promote在此意为“促销，销售”。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点3.absence n.缺乏，没有缺乏，没有归纳拓展(1)absence from work/ school缺勤/缺课absence of mind心不在焉in ones absence=in the absence of在某人不在时(2)absent adj.缺席的，不在的，缺乏的be absent from缺席，缺乏知识要点知识要点例句：Mr Smith will be in charge during my absence.我不在的
11、时候由史密斯先生负责。In the absence of any evidence,the police had to let Myers go.由于缺乏证据，警方只好把迈尔斯放了。There are some students who are regularly absent from school.有一些经常缺课的学生。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Jack often looks after her son _ .A.in absenceB.in her absenceC.in her absentD.at the absence【解析解析】in ones absence意为“在某
12、人不在时”。句意为：她不在时，杰克经常帮她照看儿子。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点4.discourage vt.使泄气；使气馁；阻止；打消使泄气；使气馁；阻止；打消的念的念头头vi.灰心，失去勇气灰心，失去勇气归纳拓展（1）discourage sb.from doing sth.打消某人做某事的念头；使某人失去做某事的信心（2）discouraged adj.沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouraging adj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的discouragement n.沮丧，灰心丧气；挫折，阻拦（3)courage n.勇气(4)encourage v.鼓励encourage sb.to do
13、 sth. 鼓励某人做某事知识要点知识要点例句：His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.他的父母劝他不要参加空军。Dont let one failure discourage you，try again.不要因为一次失败就气馁，再试一试。Students soon get discouraged if you criticize them too often.如果你批评学生次数太多的话，他们很快就会泄气的。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】People should _ their children _ being ad
14、dicted to computer games but _ them to study scientific knowledge.A.encourage;to;discourageB.discourage;to;encourageC.encourage;from;discourageD.discourage;from;encourage【解析解析】考查discourage sb.from doing sth.“劝某人不要做某事”和encourage sb.to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”两个固定短语的用法。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点5.privilege n.荣幸，殊荣；特权，优惠
15、，特免荣幸，殊荣；特权，优惠，特免vt.给予给予特权；特免特权；特免归纳拓展（1）exercise/enjoy privileges 行使/享受特权grant sb.the privilege of doing sth.给予某人做某事的特权the privilege of Parliament（英国）议会的特权（2）privilege sb.from a tax免某人的税privilege sb.from arrest特免某人不受逮捕（3）privileged adj.有特权的the privileged classes特权阶级知识要点知识要点例句：I hope to have the pri
16、vilege of working with them again.但愿有幸与他们再度合作。The president granted the prisoner the privilege of seeing his wife and children.总统准予这个囚犯有看望妻子和孩子的特权。In some countries,the president can privilege somebody from capital punishment.在有些国家里，总统可以特赦一些人免于死刑。We are privileged to welcome you as our speaker this
17、evening.我们荣幸地欢迎您今晚来讲演。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Only guests of the hotel enjoy the _ of bowling on the 9th.A.favourB.possibilityC.privilegeD.advantage【解析解析】句意为：只有本旅馆内的客人享有在九楼打保龄球的特权。enjoy the privilege/privileges“享受特权”。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1.set foot on/in进入，到达；踏上，涉足进入，到达；踏上，涉足归纳拓展set sb./sth.on his/it
18、s feet扶站起get/rise to ones feet站起来struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来stand on ones own feet自立on foot步行知识要点知识要点例句：He said that he would never set foot in that house again.他说他永远不再踏进那座房子了。After 10-hour flight,they finally set foot on Chinese soil.经过10个小时的飞行，他们终于踏上了中国的国土。When his parents died he had to learn to
19、stand on his own two feet.他的父母去世后他不得不学会自立。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The astronauts were filled with joy when they _ Chinese soil again.A.set forthB.set upC.set foot onD.set off【解析解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当宇航员们再次踏上中国的土地，他们满怀欣喜。set foot on“踏上，涉足”，符合题意。set forth“出发，动身”；set up“创立，建立”；set off“爆炸，出发”。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点2.in c
20、ase of假使，以防；万一假使，以防；万一归纳拓展in case假如，以免(防)(连词，常引导条件状语从句)in any case无论如何，总之in no case绝不；无论如何（in no case置于句首时，句子用部分倒装）in this/that case如果这样/那样的话，在这种/那种情况下in the case of就来说，关于as is often the case这是常有的事知识要点知识要点例句：In case of bad weather,the wedding will be held indoors.万一天气不好，婚礼将在室内举行。The bus is usually o
21、n time,but start early just in case.公共汽车通常准时，但是早一点儿上路好，以防晚点。We will in no case use nuclear weapons first.无论如何我们都不会最先使用核武器。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Its nothing unusual to experience failure,but _ ought we to be discouraged.A.in no timeB.by all meansC.in no caseD.on that condition【解析解析】句意为：经历失败是很平常的事，但是在任何情况
22、下我们都不应该灰心。in no case为否定意义的介词短语，用在句首句子要采用倒装形式，将部分谓语动词提到主语之前，此处的in no case短语也可替换成on no account,by no means,on no condition或under no circumstances等短语。in no time“立刻，马上”，与语境不符；by all means“想尽一切办法，无论如何”；on that condition“在那种条件下”。A、B、D三个短语都不能用来引导倒装结构。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点Mary,I have got a new cell phone number!O
23、h,hold on.Ill put it down just _.A.in needB.in caseC.in timeD.in use【解析解析】考查介词短语。in need意为“在危难中，在危急中”；（just) in case意为“以防万一，以防”；in time意为“及时”；in use意为“在使用中”。句意为：我把你的新手机号码记下来，以防万一。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点e into/in sight进入视野，出现，看到进入视野，出现，看到归纳拓展at first sight初看起来，乍一看at (the) sight of一看见(某人/某物)就in/within sight看得
24、见，在视野内out of sight在视野之外；在看不见的地方catch sight of发现，突然看到lose sight of看不见，忽略，失去的音信知识要点知识要点例句：Well fire as soon as the enemy come into sight.敌人一进入视野我们就开火。Soon the truck came into sight around a bend on an upgrade.不一会儿卡车就出现在斜坡的一个拐弯处。If you ever catch sight of him anywhere,call the police.如果你在任何地方看见他，就去报警。知
25、识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】They were walking along the river when a flower _.A.came into sightB.be in sightC.lose sight ofD.was out of sight【解析解析】句意为：他们正沿河流走着，这时，突然一朵鲜花进入视野。in sight“看得见，在视野内”；lose sight of“看不见，失去消息”；out of sight“看不到”。come into sight“进入视野，出现”，符合题意。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点三要点三 句式句式Not until the late 1
26、8th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle,but he never saw land.直到直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。但他却从未发现任何陆地。这是一个倒装句结构，相当于The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century, but he never saw land.
27、。Not until+时间状语从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构。句型：not until.did+主语（倒装句）直到才。知识要点知识要点归纳拓展(1)not until置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。即将助动词/系动词/情态动词放在主语的前面。但如果not.until连接的是含状语从句的复合句，用于倒装语序时，只倒装主句部分，从句部分(即until后面的从句)不倒装。(2)在含有not.until的句型中，在对until引导的从句进行强调时，要将not until放在一起加以强调，构成“It is/was not until.that.”句式。（3）在句型“主句+until/till+时间状语从
28、句或状语”中，尤其应注意以下几点：主句中动词是非延续性动词，如leave,graduate,break等时，必须用否定形式。主句中动词是延续性动词，肯定、否定形式都可以，但意义完全不同。知识要点知识要点例句：Not until 8:00 did he get down to doing his homework.=He didnt get down to doing his homework until 8:00.=It was not until 8:00 that he got down to doing his homework.(强调句型）直到8点钟他才开始做作业。You dont l
29、eave until he comes back.他不回来，你不能离开。We discussed the problem until he came back.我们一直讨论到他回来。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】_ she met with the difficulty did she realize the importance of our help.A.Only beforeB.Ever sinceC.Never untilD.Even though【解析解析】四个选项中只有only before和never until能用倒装句，而only before和句子意思不相符。句意为：
30、直到她遭遇了困难，才意识到我们的帮助的重要性。故答案为C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点要点四要点四 语法语法1.复习主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。其位置在陈述句基本结构的前部。可以作主语的有：名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,从句,it（作形式主语）。例句：This means of transport has been tried.这种运输方式已经试过了。（名词）None of us believed her story.我们都不相信她的故事。(代词)知识要点知识要点One-third of the stud
31、ents have finished their homework while others havent.（数词）三分之一的学生完成了作业而其他的人还没有完成。In new China，the old are leading a happy life.在新中国，老年人过着幸福的生活。（名词化的形容词）It is a pity that he cant swim.他不会游泳真遗憾。（it作形式主语)Whether he will come is doubtful.他是否会来还不知道。(从句)注意：（1）动名词作主语时，前面可加代词或名词所有格，表示动名词的逻辑主语。例句：Would you m
32、ind my opening the window?我打开窗户你介意吗？知识要点知识要点（2）动名词作主语，在以下几种情况时，人们习惯用动名词，而不用不定式。主语与表语一致。例句：Seeing is believing.（谚）眼见为实。在“There be+no+主语”这种结构中，通常用动名词作主语，而不用不定式。例句：There is no getting along with him.（=It is impossible to get along with him.）无法和他相处。知识要点知识要点（3）在以it作主语的句子中，it有以下功能：人称代词例句：Who is the baby i
33、n the picture?照片里的孩子是谁？Its my sister.是我姐姐。非人称代词例句：Its Sunday today.今天是星期天。形式主语，当不定式短语或从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，位于句首。动名词短语作主语时，有时也可位于某些形容词或名词后面，而用it作形式主语，放在句首。知识要点知识要点例句：It is important for students to learn English well.对学生来说，学好英语是很重要的。It is so nice talking to you.能跟你交谈真是太好了。用于强调例句：It was in the park that t
34、he accident happened.就是在公园里才发生那起事故的。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it【解析解析】代词it作形式主语，指后面所说的情况。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点 _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl to be educatedB.The girl educatedC.The girls being educate
35、dD.The girl was educated【解析解析】此题为动名词的复合结构的被动式形式作主语。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点2.复习动词复习动词(1)谓语动词的分类和知识图解 动词实义动词及物动词有些动词只有接宾语，意义才完整，如give，inform，fix等。不及物动词不接宾语，意义也完整，如stand，sleep，cry，explain等。延续性动词能持续一段时间的动词，如learn，live，stay，drive等。瞬间动词不能持续，瞬间发生的动词，如leave，die，marry，hear，see等。静态动词stand，stay，remain，sit，sleep，want，c
36、onsider，think，wonder等。动态动词fight，work，operate，perform，persuade，plant，organize等。知识要点知识要点动词系动词be（is，am，are，was，were）;become;turn，get，stand，lie，go，feel，sound，look，taste，smell等。助动词将来时will，shall，would一般时be（is，am，are，was，were）do，does，did进行时be（is，am，are，was，were）doing完成时have done，has done，had done被动语态be（is，
37、am，are，was，were）done情态动词can，could，may，might，must，should，ought to等。知识要点知识要点 (2)动词的用法实义动词词义完整，能独立作谓语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语，不及物动词后面不跟宾语，但有很多动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。例句：The post office closes at 9：00 p.m.邮局晚上九点关门。Dont move my things.不要动我的东西。The train is moving now.火车开动了。系动词词义不完整，必须和表语一起构成谓语，形成主系表句型。例句：The ch
38、ildren went wild with excitement.孩子们兴奋得发狂。知识要点知识要点助动词没有独立意义，它与其他词一起构成时态、语态、语气、人称、数、否定、疑问等形式。例句：Do you feel like going to the party on Friday night?你在星期五晚上想去参加晚会吗？情态动词用来表达说话人或主语的情感、态度、语气和猜测，它们不能单独作谓语，必须与另一动词原形构成谓语，一般没有人称、数的变化。情态动词包括：can，could，be able to，may，might，must，have to，need，dare，should，ought t
39、o，had better，will，shall等。例句：You must get to the airport before nine oclock.你必须在九点以前到达飞机场。知识要点知识要点延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响，非延续性动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬间完成的。例句：This book has been put on the desk for a week.（）This book has been lying on the desk for a week.（）这本书已经在桌子上放了一个星期了。知识要点知识要点(3)动词的时态和语态时态是谓语动词所表示的动
40、作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语中动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时和现在完成进行时。动词的语态主语和谓语是被动关系，即主语是动作的承受者，则谓语为被动语态，被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Many people expect that credit cards will eventually _ paper money for almost every purchase.A.tradeB.exchangeC.replaceD.reduce【解析解析】考查动词
41、词义辨析。句意为：许多人预计在任何一个购买领域，信用卡都将最终会取代纸币。replace“替代，取代”，符合题意。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点Many of the men have gone off in search of higher pay，_ women to carry on with the farm work.A.leftB.leavingC.to leaveD.having left【解析解析】根据句意，此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，D项时态不正确。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点A new cinema _ here.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be builtB.is builtC.has been builtD.is being built【解析解析】They hope to finish it next month.一句已表明“新电影院未完工”，且因cinema与build之间存在被动关系，所以应用被动语态的进行时形式，选D。【答案答案】DThank you !同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
