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1、Book6Unit1Grammar:Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气1) 一、虚拟语气相关的概念。一、虚拟语气相关的概念。1. 英语动词有三种语气英语动词有三种语气, 陈述语气陈述语气, 祈使语气祈使语气和和虚拟语气虚拟语气。 2. 定义定义: 用来表示说的话不是事实用来表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不或者是不可能发生的情况可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议、假设的而是一种愿望、建议、假设的语气叫语气叫虚拟语气虚拟语气。e.g., (1) If I were you, I would forgive Mary. 如如果我是你，我会原谅玛丽。果我是你，我会原谅玛丽。(2) How I w
2、ish I were a bird. 我多么希望我是一我多么希望我是一只小鸟啊！只小鸟啊！(3) If only you could understand me! 要是你能要是你能理解我就好了！理解我就好了！3. 在条件句中的应用在条件句中的应用: 条件句可分为两类条件句可分为两类, 一类为真实条件句一类为真实条件句, 一类为非真实条一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况情况, 故采用虚拟语气。故采用虚拟语气。1) 真实条件句真实条件句: 真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况假设的情况可能发生
3、可能发生, 其中其中if是如果的意思。是如果的意思。2) 非真实条件句非真实条件句:非真实条件句用虚拟语气非真实条件句用虚拟语气, 假设的情况不可能发生假设的情况不可能发生, 或或者可能性很小者可能性很小, 其中其中if 是是“要是、如果要是、如果”的意思。的意思。Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town. 如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。(2) If he had time now, he w
4、ould come to see me. 如果他现在有时间的话，他会来见我。(3) If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic. 如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。(4) If I had a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. 如果我有机会尝试的话， 我会用一种不同的方法。(5) If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这项工作，我会用一种不同的
5、方法。(6) If they should come tomorrow, they could meet the general manager. 如果他们每天能来的话，他们就能见到总经理。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if 条件从句中的用法归纳条件从句中的用法归纳:所述情况 从句 主句 与现在事与现在事实相反实相反If+主语主语+ （be动词用动词用 ） 主语主语+ + 与过去事与过去事实相反实相反If+ 主语主语+ ( ) 主语主语+ + + 与将来事与将来事实相反实相反If+主语主语+ If+主语主语+ + If+主语主语+ + 主语主语+ +动词过去式动词过去式were动词过去完动词过去完成式成
6、式had done动词过去式动词过去式were to动词原形动词原形shouldwould/could/might/should动词原形动词原形have过去分词过去分词动词原形动词原形would/could/might/should动词原形动词原形would/could/might/should练一练：(1)IfI (have)enoughmoneynow,I(buy)anewcar.如果我现在有足够的钱，我就会买一辆新车。(2)Ifit (rain)tomorrow,they(notgoout).如果明天下雨，他们就不外出。(3)IfI (be)you,I (put)hersuggestio
7、nintoaccount.如果我是你，我会考虑她的建议。(4)IfI (study)harderlastterm,I(pass)theexam.如果我上学期更努力学习的话，我就会考试及格。hadwould buywere to rainwould not go outwerewould puthad studiedwould /could/ might / should have passed虚拟语气的特殊句式虚拟语气的特殊句式Look at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1)IwishIwereteny
8、earsyoungernow.我希望我现在年轻10岁。(2)Iwishyouwould gowithustomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。(3)IwishIhad methimyesterday.要是我昨天能遇见他就好了。(4)Iwishhecould cometomorrow.我希望他明天能来。(5)Shesincerelywishedthatshemight dosomethingtocomforthim.她真切地希望能做点什么来安慰他。归纳一：归纳一：wish 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句，表示与现在情况相反，从句用 ，如例句 ，表示与过去情况相反，从句用 ，如例句 ；表示与将来情况
9、相反，从句谓语常用“ ”，如例句 。一般一般过过去去时时1过过去完成去完成时时3would / could/ might + 动词动词原形原形2,4,5注意：注意：wish 后的宾语从句中常用 代替was, 如上面的例句 ； 但是动词hope 后面不用虚后面不用虚拟语拟语气气，而用相应的时态表达与过去、现在或将来有关的希望，例如： 1）I hope you werent late. 我希望你没有迟到。2) I hope you are ready. 我希望你已经准备好了。3) We hope youll be very happy. 我们希望你非常幸福。were1练一练：练一练：(1)Hewi
10、sheshe(paint)aswellasaprofessionalartist.(2)IwishI(be)withyouyesterday.(3)Wewishtherain(stop)tomorrow.(4)Ihopeyou(make) greatprogressthisterm.could paint / paintedhad beenwould stopwill makeLook at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1)Withoutair,therewouldnt belivingthingsin
11、theworld.没有空气，世界上就没有生物。(2)Withfavorablewinds,wemight have arrived thereintwodays.如果当时顺风的话，我们两天就到那里了。(3)But foryourhelp,Iwouldnt have madesuchgreatprogress.要不是你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。(4)Hewasverybusyyesterday.Otherwisehewould have come tothemeeting.他昨天很忙，不然的话，他就会来参加会议。(5)Igotuplate,orIshould have caughtthef
12、irstbus.我起床晚了，不然的话，我就可以赶上早班车了。归纳二：无归纳二：无“条件条件”的虚拟语气句：的虚拟语气句：有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过“if”条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如 等或通过上下文暗示来说明。句中谓语动词的形式与前面表格中的内容一致。练一练：(1)Withoutmusic,theworld(be)adullplace.(2)Butforyourhelp,I(fail)intheexperimentlastmonth.(3)Wetookataxitotheairport.Otherwisewe(be)late.without, with, but for, other
13、wise, orwould bewould have failedwould have beenLook at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1)Iwouldratheryou told methetruth.我宁愿你跟我讲真话。(2)Iwouldratheryouhad beenpresent.我倒宁愿你当时在场。(3)Iwouldratheryou toldhimthetruthnextweek.我宁愿你下周再跟他讲真话。归纳三：归纳三：would rather 后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中，用 来表
14、示与现在或将来情况相反的假设，如例句，用 表示与过去情况相反的假设，如例句。一般过一般过去时去时过去完成时过去完成时21，3练一练：(1)Iwouldratheryou (do)itnow.(2)Iwouldratheryou (nottell)methetruthyesterday.(3)Iwouldratheryou (come)tomorrow.didhadnt toldcameLook at the sentences and sum up the usage of the Subjunctive Mood.(1)IfonlyIwere abird!要是我是一只小鸟该多好！(2)Ifo
15、nlyIwould flyintotheskyoneday!如果有朝一日我能飞上天该多好！(3)IfonlyI had followedMr.Liusadvice!要是听了刘老师的话该多好啊！(4)IfonlyI could speak severalforeignlanguages!要是我能讲几门外语就好了！(5)IfonlyImight live onthemoononeday!如果有朝一日我能住在月球上该多好！归纳四：由归纳四：由if only“要是就好了要是就好了.” 引导的句子相当于引导的句子相当于感叹句，多用虚拟语气。感叹句，多用虚拟语气。（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，用 (be
16、动词用),如例句 。（2）表示与过去事实相反的假设，用 ,如例句 。（3）表示与将来事实相反的假设或难以实现的意愿或愿望，用 .如例句 。练一练：(1)Ifonlyourparents (live)withus!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了!(2)IfonlyI (notmiss)thetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了！(3)IfonlyI (be)20yearsyounger!我要是年轻20岁该多好啊！一般过去时一般过去时were1过过去完成去完成时时had done3would/could/might+动词动词原形原形2,4,5could livehad not missedwe
17、reStep2. Practice (巩固练习巩固练习)1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given verb.(1)IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I (go)withyou.如果我明天空闲的话，我会和你一起去。(2)IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,I(ask)himaboutit.如果我明天去见他，我会问他这件事。(3)Withoutyourhelp,we(notfinish)thistaskontime.没有你的帮助，我们就不能按时完成任务。(4)Iwishyou(notsmok
18、e)anymore.希望你别再抽烟。(5)IwishI(know)itearlier.我要是早知道就好了。would / could/ might /should goshould / would / could/ might askwould not have finishedwouldnt smokehad known(6)IwishI (have)alittlelabofmyown.但愿我有一间属于自己的实验室。(7)IfI (be)you,Iwouldntanswerthecall.如果我是你，我就不会接电话。(8)Ifyoutriedagain,you(succeed).如果你再试一
19、次，你就会成功。(9)Butforyourtimelywarming,we(be) introuble.要不是你及时的警告，我们就会处于麻烦之中。(10)IfonlyI(come)tothepartyyesterday!要是昨天我来参加聚会就好了！(11)Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithusnow.我们宁愿我们的女儿现在跟我们一起待在家。hadwerewould succeedwould have beenhad comestayed2. Choose the best answers.(1) Thank you very much. We mi
20、ght have lost the competition if you us a hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give(2) He did his best in everything. , he would not be what he is today. A. And B. But C. Otherwise D. However(3) We back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. A. are B. were C. wi
21、ll be D. would be(4) Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her. A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced(5) We Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have putCCDDDHomework : Writing请根据以下要点，写一篇有关珍惜水的短文：请根据以下要
22、点，写一篇有关珍惜水的短文：1.众所周知，水在人类生活中起着非常重要的作用；众所周知，水在人类生活中起着非常重要的作用；2.如果没有水，我们人类就会灭绝了；如果没有水，我们人类就会灭绝了；3.如果以前我们爱惜水，现在就不会缺水了；如果以前我们爱惜水，现在就不会缺水了；4.要是水是无穷无尽的就好了，我们就可以充分利要是水是无穷无尽的就好了，我们就可以充分利用它；用它；5.由于水是有限的，现在是我们做点事来保护水的由于水是有限的，现在是我们做点事来保护水的时候了。时候了。写作要求写作要求尽可能多地使用虚拟语气。尽可能多地使用虚拟语气。 参考范文：参考范文：As is known to all，water plays an important role in our life. If there were no water，we would die out. If we had saved it before，we would not lack it now. If the water were endless，we would make full use of it. As water is limited，it is time that we did something to protect it.
