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1、1alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的替换的；供选择的1)adj. 替替换的；二者的；二者择一的；供一的；供选择的的The road was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.这条路被封条路被封锁了，因此我了，因此我们走了另一条路。走了另一条路。alternative energy 可替代能源可替代能源an alternative plan 替代方案替代方案2)n. 二者二者择一；可供一；可供选择的的办法法/事物；事物；选择余地余地have no alternative but “除除外外别无无选择；只只好好”，后接，后接to
2、do sth.。They offered project alternatives to us.他他们向我向我们提供了提供了项目方案。目方案。辨析：辨析：alternative与与choice1)alternative指在两者之指在两者之间作出作出选择；2)choice指一般意指一般意义上的上的选择。Thats the only alternative.没有没有选择余地。余地。(没有第二个没有第二个选择)Choice of the goal covers choice of the means.目目标的的选择包含着手段的包含着手段的选择。知识拓展知识拓展1)alternative无比无比较级形
3、式。形式。2)alternate v. 轮流流；交交流流；更更迭迭；adj. 轮流流的的；可可代代替的；替的；alter vt. 变更更即学即用即学即用(1)When all the oil in the world has been used up, what_energy shall we rely on?Aoptional BhopefulCactive Dalternative(2)用用alternative的适当形式完成句子的适当形式完成句子Besides this method, theres_(没没有有其其他方法他方法)to solve the problem.This Spri
4、ng Festival I want to pay a visit to my home. But if I couldnt get the train ticket, I would take_(另一个另一个计划划)visiting the museum.答答 案案 ： (1)D (2)no other alternative the alternative plan2risky adj. 危险的；冒险的危险的；冒险的Sailing across the Atlantic alone is a risky thing.独自一人航行穿越大西洋是一件冒独自一人航行穿越大西洋是一件冒险的事。的事。
5、链接：链接：nyadj.bloodbloody 流血的流血的 mudmuddy 泥泥泞的的sunsunny 阳光阳光灿烂的的 cloudcloudy 多云的多云的rainrainy 下雨的下雨的 snowsnowy 下雪的下雪的windwindy 刮刮风的；多的；多风的的 tastetasty 美味的美味的iceicy 冰的；冷漠的冰的；冷漠的 greedgreedy 贪婪的婪的fatfatty 肥胖的肥胖的 fogfoggy 有有雾的的知识拓展知识拓展1)同义词：同义词：dangerous adj. 危险的危险的2)risk作作动动词词时时，后后接接名名词词或或动动名名词词，但但不不能能接接
6、动动词词不不定式。定式。3)at ones own risk 自自担担风风险险(同同意意不不要要求求赔赔偿偿损损失失、损害等损害等)at risk(in danger)处于危险之中；冒风险处于危险之中；冒风险at the risk of 冒冒的风险的风险at all risks/any risk 无论冒什么风险无论冒什么风险face/run risks/a risk 冒险冒险take risks(a risk)to do. 冒险做冒险做risk sth. 以以为赌注注risk doing 冒冒险做做risk ones life to do sth. 冒着生命危冒着生命危险做做You have
7、no right to take risks/a risk with other peoples lives.你没有你没有权利拿利拿别人的生命去冒人的生命去冒险。You are running a risk in trusting him.你信你信赖他要担他要担风险。即学即用即学即用Huang Wen took many photos in Yugoslavia_.(冒着生命危险冒着生命危险)答案：答案：at the risk of her life3runn. 跑；奔；短途旅行跑；奔；短途旅行There are no stops on the run to the coast.在去海在去海滨
8、的路途中没有的路途中没有车站。站。vi. & vt.1)跑；奔跑；奔He ran across the road.他跑他跑过了了马路。路。2)(机器机器)转动；运；运转The engine runs well.发动机运机运转良好。良好。3)延伸；延伸；继续The road runs beside the river.这条路沿着河条路沿着河边延伸。延伸。4)经营；管理；管理Its said that they are running a restaurant abroad.据据说他他们在国外在国外经营一家餐一家餐馆。知识拓展知识拓展in the long run 从长远的观点来看；毕竟；终究从长
9、远的观点来看；毕竟；终究in the short run 从短期来看；在短期内从短期来看；在短期内run across 无意间碰到无意间碰到run after 追逐；追求追逐；追求run against 撞上；违反撞上；违反run away 逃跑逃跑run away with (感情等感情等)战胜；不受约束战胜；不受约束run over (车辆车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；游览碾压；匆匆看一遍；游览run into sb./sth. 偶遇某人偶遇某人/某物某物run through 浏览浏览run out 逃开；用完逃开；用完注意：注意：1)run out意意为为“用用完完了了”，为为不不及及物物动
10、动词词，主主语语通常为时间、金钱、食物等。通常为时间、金钱、食物等。2)run out of意意为为“用用完完了了”，为为及及物物动动词词，表表主主动意义，主语一般为人。动意义，主语一般为人。Her money has been run_out_of and her patience is also running_out.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。高考直击高考直击(1)(2008江江西西)Do you think we should accept that offer?Yes, we should, for we_such bad luck
11、up till now, and time_out.Ahave had; is running Bhad; is runningChave; has been run Dhave had; has been run解解析析：考考查查时时态态。由由up till now确确定定第第一一空空应应用用完完成成时时态态；排排除除B、C。run out为为不不及及物物动动词词，无无被被动动语语态态，排排除除D。答案：答案：A(2)(2009全全 国国 )They use computers to keep the traffic_smoothly.Abeing run BrunCto run Drunn
12、ing解解析析：本本题题意意：他他们使使用用计算算机机来来保保持持交交通通畅通通无无阻阻。keep表表示示“保保持持或或继续处于于的的状状态”，后后接接形形容容词，现在在分分词、过去去分分词、介介词短短语、名名词以以及及副副词等等担担任任宾语补足足语，但但不不能能采采用用不不定定式式(短短语)。例例如如：Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不不起起，让你你久久等等了了。此此外外，run表表示示“运运转；运运行行”时，通通常常用用作作不不及及物物动词。例例如如：The machine wont run smoothly. 这台机器运台机器运转不灵。不
13、灵。答案：答案：D即学即用即学即用(2009临临沂沂模模拟拟)They had to find a pool before the water they had in the bottle_.Aput out Bkept outCran out Dused up答案：答案：C4limit vt. & n.1)vt. 限制；限定限制；限定Lets limit our discussion to this subject.我我们把把讨论限制在限制在这个个题目上吧。目上吧。2)n. 限度；极限；界限；界限度；极限；界限；界线；限量；限量within the city limits 在在该城范城范围内
14、内He tried my patience to its limits.他把我逼得忍无可忍了。他把我逼得忍无可忍了。知识拓展知识拓展within limits 适度地；有限度地适度地；有限度地without limit 无限地；无限制地无限地；无限制地to the limit 达到极点达到极点set a limit to sth. 对对规定限度规定限度单词积累单词积累limited adj. 有限的有限的limitless adj. 无限制的；无界限的；无止境的无限制的；无界限的；无止境的limitation n. 限制；控制限制；控制My life is limited, but learn
15、ing is limitless.吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。即学即用即学即用(1)Is there any_to the time that I can stay here?Yes. You must leave here before he comes back.Anumber BlengthClimit Dmatter(2)We must set a limit_the expense of the trip.Aabout BtoCin Dfor答案：答案：(1)C(2)B5command n. & v. 命令；控制；指挥命令；控制；指挥You must obey t
16、he captains commands.你必你必须服从船服从船长的命令。的命令。He has 1,200 men under his command.他掌管着他掌管着1,200人。人。链链接接：具具有有“建建议议、命命令令、坚坚持持、要要求求”等等意意义义的的词词，接从句时，要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为接从句时，要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“(should)v.”。熟记下列顺口溜：熟记下列顺口溜：一坚持：一坚持：insist二命令：二命令：order, command三建议：三建议：suggest, propose, advise四要求：四要求：demand, desire, request,
17、requireHe commanded that we(should)attack at once.他命令我们立即发起进攻。他命令我们立即发起进攻。知识拓展知识拓展at command 掌握；可自由使用掌握；可自由使用at sb.s command 听某人支配听某人支配by sb.s command 受某人支配受某人支配command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事have a good command of 精通精通in command of “某人统帅某人统帅”，主语为人，主语为人in the command of “某某物物在在某某人人的的统统治治之之下下”，
18、主主语语一般是物一般是物一言辨异一言辨异“Who is in_command_of the army？”“”“The army is in_the_command_of general Brown.”“谁统率陆军？谁统率陆军？”“”“陆军由布朗将军统率。陆军由布朗将军统率。”即学即用即学即用用名词用名词command的适当形式完成句子。的适当形式完成句子。(1)Fire_(我一下令我一下令)(2)The army is_(由由国国王王直直接接统率率)(3)The king_(统 帅 )the army.(4)He has_(精通精通)German.(5)Captain Cook command
19、ed that all the goods_into the sea.Ashould throw Bbe thrownCthrew Dshould thrown答案：答案：(1)when I give the command(2)in the direct command of the king.(3)takes command of(4)a good command of(5)B6charge n. 费用；要价；控诉；费用；要价；控诉；v. 要价；充电要价；充电The charge for a frontrow seat is 3.前排座位票价每前排座位票价每张三美元。三美元。How muc
20、h did he charge you for repairing the bicycle?他修理自行他修理自行车收了你多少收了你多少钱？He was charged with stealing a car.他被指控他被指控偷了一了一辆汽汽车。Does your car battery charge easily?你那你那辆汽汽车的蓄的蓄电池容易充池容易充电吗？知识拓展知识拓展have(the) charge of 负责负责；主管；主管in charge 主管；负责；掌管主管；负责；掌管take charge of 负责；看管负责；看管under the charge of 在在看管看管/负责
21、之下负责之下free of charge 免费免费in the charge of sb. 由某人负责；由某人照料由某人负责；由某人照料/管理管理in charge of 负负全全责责；照照顾顾；在在掌掌管管之之下下；由由经管经管高考直击高考直击(2007天天津津)One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_.Abills BexpensesCprices Dcharges解解析析：句句意意为为“一一个个月月1000美美元元不不是是一一笔笔财财富富，但但是是能能帮帮助助我我支支付付我我
22、的的生生活活费费用用”。A项项意意为为“账账单单”；B项项意意为为“花花费费；费费用用”，指指的的是是各各种种可可能能的的“开开支支；消消费费；收收费费”；C项项意意为为“价价格格”；D项项意意为为“索索价价；要要价价”。根根据据句意答案应选句意答案应选B。答案：答案：B即学即用即学即用(2009江江苏苏锡锡山山模模拟拟)I have just had my watch repaired.How much did they_for that?Acost BchargeCspend Dpay答案：答案：B7attach vt.1)安装；安装；贴上；系上上；系上She attached a sta
23、mp to the envelope and then mailed it.她在信封上她在信封上贴上上邮票，然后寄了出去。票，然后寄了出去。2)附加附加(署名、文件等署名、文件等)He attached his signature to the contract.他在合同他在合同书上上签了字。了字。3)使使(组织)属于属于(附属附属)；使；使(人人)属于属于Youll be attached to this department until the end of the years.你在年底前将你在年底前将暂属于属于这一部一部门。4)给予予(重要性重要性)；认为；归于于It is unwise
24、 to attach too much importance to the information.过于重于重视那个消息是不明智的。那个消息是不明智的。注注意意：attach为一一词多多义动词，常常为考考查的的对象象。其其拼拼写写形形式式要要和和动词attack“袭击；攻攻击”和和attract“吸吸引引”区区别开来。开来。链接：链接：be attached to. 附属于附属于；依恋于；依恋于attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上将某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上attach oneself to sb. 和某人一起和某人一起attach to sb. 与某人相关
25、联与某人相关联高考直击高考直击(2010江江西西卷卷，25)Parents_much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.AattachBpayClinkDapply解解析析：句句意意：父父母母都都十十分分重重视视教教育育。他他们们竭竭尽尽所所能能想想使使孩孩子子们们拥拥有有那那种种无无价价礼礼物物。attach great importance to.“非非常常重重视视”；pay“付付钱钱”；link.to.“把把和和连接在一起连接在一起”；ap
26、ply.to.“把把应用于应用于”。答案：答案：A即学即用即学即用It is said that this institute is_to the University of Texas.Abelonged BattachedCtied Dlooked答案：答案：B8power n. 体体能能；智智能能；能能力力；势势力力；v. 使使有有力力量；供以动力量；供以动力She claims to have the power to see the future.她自称能她自称能预知未来。知未来。Atomic energy powers the submarine.原子能供原子能供给该潜艇潜艇动力。
27、力。知识拓展知识拓展powerful adj. 强大的强大的come to/into power(开始开始)掌权；上台掌权；上台in power 当权的；在朝的当权的；在朝的in ones power 为某人力所能及的为某人力所能及的out of/beyond ones power不能胜任；力所不及的不能胜任；力所不及的辨析：辨析：strength, force, energy, power1)strength常常指指固固有有的的潜潜力力。着着重重指指人人的的“力力气气”，物物的的“强强度度”。2)force主主要要指指自自然然界界的的力力量量、暴暴力力、势力力以以及及法法律律、道德或感情的力
28、量、道德或感情的力量、军事的力量等。事的力量等。3)energy主要指人的力量、自然界的能量。主要指人的力量、自然界的能量。4)power主主要要指指做做一一件件事事所所依依靠靠的的能能力力、功功能能，人人或或机机器等事物的力量，器等事物的力量，职权、权力或政力或政权。高考直击高考直击(2007福福建建)You are always full of_. Can you tell me the secret?Taking plenty of exercise every day.Apower BstrengthCforce Denergy解解析析：本本题题考考查查名名词词词词义义辨辨析析。pow
29、er“权权力力；势势力力”；strength“力力气气；优优势势”；force“力力；武武力力”；energy“精精力力”。be full of energy指指“精力旺盛精力旺盛”。答案：答案：D即学即用即学即用Ive bought lots of candles in case theres a_cut.Astrength BpowerCforce Denergy答案：答案：B1for sure 肯定地肯定地该短短语是是一一非非正正式式用用语，在在句句中中一一般般作作状状语，相相当当于于certainly, unquestionably, without doubt.知识拓展知识拓展be
30、sure of 确信；深信确信；深信make sure(of sth./that.) 弄清楚；确保弄清楚；确保sure to do sth. 一定；必定；无疑一定；必定；无疑to be sure (承承认事事实)确确实；诚然然I am sure (口口)的确；真的；一定的确；真的；一定sure enough 果真；的确；一定；毫无疑果真；的确；一定；毫无疑问Thats for sure. 那是肯定的。那是肯定的。辨析：辨析：be sure of/that与与be sure to do短短语主主语意意义be sure of/that人人主主语感到感到“有把握；确信有把握；确信”be sure t
31、o do人或物人或物说话人推人推测“一定；必然一定；必然会会”高考直击高考直击(2008四四川川)Can you show me Mr. Jaffers office, please?_. But I dont know if he is in at the moment.AThanks BGo onCSure DYou are welcome解解析析：本本题题题题意意：“你你能能带带我我去去杰杰福福先先生生的的办办公公室室吗吗？”“”“没没问问题题，不不过过我我不不清清楚楚他他现现在在是是否否在在办办公公室室。”sure表示同意，译作表示同意，译作“当然可以当然可以”。答案：答案：C即学即用
32、即学即用She wont lend you any money, and thats_.Acertainly BsureCfor sure Dsurely答案：答案：C2such as“例例如如；诸诸如如此此类类的的”后后面面常常接接上上述述人人或事物的解释语。或事物的解释语。I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.我游我游览过几个城市，像几个城市，像纽约、芝加哥、波士、芝加哥、波士顿等。等。辨析：辨析：such as, for example, namely1)such as作作“例例如如”解解，用用来来列列
33、举事事物物，对前前面面提提到到的的名名词进行列行列举说明，放在名明，放在名词与被列与被列举的事物之的事物之间。He speaks several languages, such as English, French and Japanese.他会他会说几种外几种外语，比如英，比如英语，法，法语和日和日语。注注意意：such as不不能能同同and so on连连用用，不不能能说说such as Jim, Jack and so on。2)for example意意为为“例例如如；比比如如”，在在句句中中的的位位置置较较灵灵活活，可可以以放放在在句句首首、句句中中或或句句尾尾，可可用用作作独独立
34、立成成分分，通通常用逗号与所修饰的部分隔开。常用逗号与所修饰的部分隔开。What would you do if you met a wild animala tiger, for instance？(可用可用for example)如如果果你你见见到到野野生生动动物物，比比如如说说一一只只老老虎虎，你你会会怎怎么么办？办？3)namely是是副副词，意意为“即即；也也就就是是”，放放在在被被列列举的的事事物物前前，要要把把前前面面的的名名词所所应包包含含的的事事物物全全部部列列出出；namely前需要有逗号，后面可以不用逗号。前需要有逗号，后面可以不用逗号。He speaks four la
35、nguages, namely English, French, German and Russia.他他说4种种语言即英言即英语、法、法语、德、德语和俄和俄语。注注意意：namely要要求求所所有有项目目全全部部列列出出，而而such as只只是是作部分列作部分列举，所以，上面句中的，所以，上面句中的namely不可不可换作作such as。高考直击高考直击(2008江江 西西 )My English teachers humor was_make every student burst into laughter.Aso as to Bsuch as toCsuch that Dso th
36、at解解析析：考考查查so与与such用用法法的的区区别别。由由空空格格后后的的make排排除除C、D；A项项so as to表表示示目目的的；因因此此只只有有B项项正正确确。such as接接不不定定式式表表结结果果。句句意意为为“我我们们英英语语老老师师的的幽幽默默是是如如此此好笑，惹得每个学生都放声大笑起来好笑，惹得每个学生都放声大笑起来”。答案：答案：B即学即用即学即用Several Chinese films are rising to international fame, the Brokeback Mountain, _， directed by Ang Lee has won
37、 the Oscar Awards.Asuch as Bfor exampleCnamely Dthat is答案：答案：B3rely on 依靠；依赖依靠；依赖该动词短短语中中介介词on也也可可以以使使用用upon来来代代替替，相相当当于于depend on/upon.As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.在在婴儿儿时期，我期，我们完全依完全依赖别人喂食。人喂食。You can rely on me to keep your secret.你可以相信我一定会你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。你保守秘密。知识拓展知识拓展rely on常见结
38、构：常见结构：即学即用即学即用These products are very cheap because the price of raw materials the industry_remains low.Atakes on Brelies onCstands on Dkeeps on答案：答案：B4get rid of 摆脱；除去摆脱；除去可用来指可用来指摆脱具体的人或物，也可以指抽象的疾病。脱具体的人或物，也可以指抽象的疾病。He has been ill for more than one year and it seems that he can never get rid of
39、the terrible disease.他病了一年多了，好像再也好不了了。他病了一年多了，好像再也好不了了。知识拓展知识拓展1)be rid of sb./sth.(formal) 摆脱摆脱She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority.她想摆脱父母及权威的束缚。她想摆脱父母及权威的束缚。2)rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. 除掉；去除除掉；去除Further measures will be taken to rid streets of crime.将采取进一步措施来防止街头犯罪。将采取进一步措施来防止街头犯
40、罪。即学即用即学即用(2009湖湖 北北 宜宜 昌昌 模模 拟拟 )One day we will manage to_the world of this terrible disease.Aget BridCbreak Dmove答案：答案：B5instead adv. 代替；顶替；更换代替；顶替；更换If you cannot go, hell go instead of you.如果你不能去，他愿替你去。如果你不能去，他愿替你去。辨析：辨析：instead与与instead of1)instead是是副副词，意意思思是是“代代替替；顶替替”，通通常常被被放放在在句尾，在句中作状句尾，在句
41、中作状语。2)instead of是是介介词词组，意意思思除除了了“代代替替”外外还有有“而而不不是是”之之意意。与与一一般般介介词词组不不同同的的是是，instead of除除了了后后接接名名词、代代词，也也可可以以接接动词的的ing形形式式、动词不不定定式式、介介词短短语等等。它它谈及及的的前前后后两两个个客客体体在在意意义结构构上上是是对等等的的平行关系。平行关系。He gave me some advice instead of some money.He didnt give me any money. He gave me some advice instead.他没他没给我我钱，
42、而是，而是给了我一些建了我一些建议。I go to school by bike instead of on foot.I dont go to school on foot. Instead I go to school by bike.我我骑自行自行车而不是步行去上学。而不是步行去上学。链链接接：(同同)in place of 代代替替rather than 而而不不是是take the place of 替代替代注意：注意：in place of后通常只接名词或代词。后通常只接名词或代词。高考直击高考直击(2008湖湖南南)Last night Mr. Crook didnt come
43、back at the usual time._， he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.AMeanwhile BHoweverCInstead DYet解解析析：考考查查副副词词。句句意意为为：昨昨天天晚晚上上克克鲁鲁克克先先生生没没有有像像往往常常一一样样回回家家，而而是是和和朋朋友友们们在在外外面面一一直直呆呆到到深深夜夜。instead“却；而是却；而是”。答案：答案：C即学即用即学即用He went to the station on foot_by bus to save money.Ain place of Bin p
44、laceCinstead of Dinstead答案：答案：C6carry out实行；进行；执行；完成实行；进行；执行；完成We intend to carry out our new policy.我我们打算打算实行新政策。行新政策。注注意意：carry out短短语中中out是是副副词，宾语若若是是代代词，代代词放放在在carry与与out中中间；宾语若若是是名名词，可可放放在在其其后后或或中中间。知识拓展知识拓展carry off 赢得；获得；夺去赢得；获得；夺去carry/bring into effect 使生效；使起作用使生效；使起作用carry on with sth./doi
45、ng sth. 继继续续下下去去；坚坚持持下下去去；从从事；经营事；经营carry sb. through 帮某人度过难关帮某人度过难关carry sth. through 成功完成；顺利实现成功完成；顺利实现She carried off most of the prizes for swimming.她获得了游泳项目的大多数奖项。她获得了游泳项目的大多数奖项。We must carry on till success although we may meet with a lot of difficulties.尽尽管管我我们会会遇遇到到很很多多困困难，但但是是我我们必必须坚持持下下去去，
46、直到成功。直到成功。高考直击高考直击(2010浙浙江江卷卷，8)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_regularly, can improve our health.Abeing carried out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out解解析析：句句意意：这这项项实实验验表表明明如如果果定定期期进进行行适适量量锻锻炼炼的的话话会会改改善善我我们们的的健健康康状状况况。此此处处为为if从从句句的的省省略略形形式式，完完整整的的句句子子为为：.if they are car
47、ried out regularly，.。根根据据省省略原则，把相同的主语和系动词略原则，把相同的主语和系动词be省去。省去。答案：答案：C即学即用即学即用The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out答案：答案：C7look out意意为为“当当心心；小小心心”，相相当当于于watch out, take care, be careful. 后后接接for，可可表表示示“当当心心什什么么”，表
48、表示示警警告告，尤指有危险。它还可表示尤指有危险。它还可表示“向外看向外看”。Look out! Theres a car coming!小心！有小心！有车来了！来了！Do look out for spelling mistakes in your work.一定要当心你作一定要当心你作业中的拼写中的拼写错误。知识拓展知识拓展look after 照顾；照料；管理照顾；照料；管理look round 环顾四周环顾四周look for 寻找；希望得到寻找；希望得到look forward to 盼望盼望look into 调查；了解调查；了解look down on/upon 俯视；轻视某人俯
49、视；轻视某人look up to 向上看；尊敬向上看；尊敬look on as 把把看作；认为看作；认为look through 通过通过看；检查看；检查高考直击高考直击(1)(2008四四川川) I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we_fine.Alook out Bstay upCcarry on Dget along解解析析：本本题题题题意意：我我过过去去常常常常与与父父母母争争吵吵，但但是是现现在在我我们们相相处处得得很很好好。get along/on(with sb)表表示示“(与与某某人人)和和睦睦相相处处，关关系系不
50、不错错”。例例如如：He gets along well with his boss. 他和老板相处得很好。他和老板相处得很好。答案：答案：D(2)(2009江江西西)It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing children.A. look upon B. look afterC. look into D. look out解解析析：考考查了了动词短短语的的辨辨析析。句句意意为“据据报道道警警察察将将会会很很快快调查这两两起起儿儿童童失失踪踪案案件件。”look into意意为“调查”；loo
51、k upon意意为“认为；视为”；look after意意为“照照顾”；look out意意为“注意；小心注意；小心”。答案：答案：C即学即用即学即用_for the glass!Its OK. Im wearing shoes.ALook out BWalk outCGo out DSet out答案：答案：A8be optimistic about 对对持乐观态度持乐观态度We should be optimistic about our future.我我们对未来未来应持持乐观态度。度。知识拓展知识拓展1)be optimistic that.是是乐观的的The experts are
52、optimistic that we will succeed.那些那些专家家对我我们的成功抱有的成功抱有乐观态度。度。2)optimism 乐观(主主义)pessimism 悲悲观(主主义)optimist 乐观主主义者者pessimist 悲悲观主主义者者optimistic 乐观主主义的的pessimistic 悲悲观主主义的的1What will the city of the future look like?未来的城市将会是什么样子呢？未来的城市将会是什么样子呢？本本句句话中中用用了了“What will/do/did.主主语look like？”句句型型结构构，表表示示“主主语看
53、看起起来来像像什什么么样”，主主要要用用来来询问外外在的情况，也可提在的情况，也可提问主主语的性格或特征。的性格或特征。注意：注意：此句中的此句中的like是介是介词，不是，不是动词(喜喜欢)。Hi, Jack, would you please tell me what the new teacher looks like?嗨，杰克，你能告，杰克，你能告诉我新来的老我新来的老师长什么什么样吗？What does that book look like?那本那本书看上去如何？看上去如何？辨辨析析：What do/does sb. like与与What be sb./sth. like与与How
54、 do you like sb./sth.1)What do/does sb. like?表示表示“某人喜某人喜欢什么？什么？”What do you usually like most in your school?在你的学校，你最喜在你的学校，你最喜欢什么？什么？2)What be sb./sth. like? 表表示示“主主语像像什什么么样？”可可以以用用来来询问外在的情况，也可提外在的情况，也可提问主主语的性格或特征。的性格或特征。Could you tell me what your baby son is like?你能告你能告诉我你的儿子我你的儿子长什么什么样吗？What is
55、your little brother like?你的弟弟性格如何？你的弟弟性格如何？3)How do you like sb./sth. 询问“对某某人人/某某事事的的评价价”(like也可也可换成成find)How do you like the film shown yesterday?你你对昨天放映的那部昨天放映的那部电影有何影有何评价？价？即学即用即学即用(2009成都模拟成都模拟)_Oh, I often go to the river near our village and fish there.AWhat do you like? BWhat are you like?CWh
56、at do you look like? DHow do you like?答案：答案：A2But one thing is certainthey are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但但有有一一件件事事是是可可以以肯肯定定的的它它们们将将会会先先变变大大，然然后后再再变小。变小。破破折折号号后后面面的的这一一分分句句中中含含有有由由before引引导的的时间状状语从从句句，首首先先注注意意时态呼呼应。before的的基基本本意意义是是“在在之前之前”。其翻。其翻译句型主要有下列几种：句型主要有下列几种：1)“在在之之前前”，这时主
57、主句句的的动作作发生生在在前前，其其引引导的从句的从句动作作发生在后。生在后。Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.在在驾驶公共汽公共汽车前，他前，他们必必须通通过专门测验。2)“后后才才”，此此时before从从句句强强调从从句句动作作发生生得得晚晚或或慢慢，主主句句动作作往往往往延延续的的时间长，表表示示“过了了多多久久以后才以后才发生某一生某一动作作”。He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎要把我撞倒他几乎要把我撞倒时才看才看
58、见我。我。3)“就；便；快就；便；快”等，此等，此时主句的主句的谓语动词为否定形式。否定形式。It was not long before they rose up and kicked the enemy out of the country.不久他不久他们就起来反抗并把就起来反抗并把敌人赶出了他人赶出了他们的国家。的国家。4)“还没没来来得得及及就就”，此此时往往往往强强调从从句句动作作发生之前主句生之前主句动作已作已发生。生。The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his child.他他还没来得及冲没
59、来得及冲进屋子救出孩子，房屋子救出孩子，房顶就倒塌了。就倒塌了。注注意意：在在写写作作中中，我我们可可以以经常常使使用用这个个句句式式，如如：before we know/realize it表示表示“不知不不知不觉中中”。5)“趁着趁着还没有没有”。I must write it down before I forget it.我必我必须趁着趁着还没忘没忘记它就把它写下来。它就把它写下来。6)在某些在某些习语中中还可可译为“先先再再”。Look before you leap.三思而后行。三思而后行。高考直击高考直击(1)(2010福福建建卷卷，26)The girl had hardly
60、rung the bell _the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. AbeforeBuntilCasDsince解解析析：考考查查连连词词。had hardly done sth. before/when表表示示 “一一 就就 ”。 又又 如如 ： We had hardly started before/when it began to rain.我们刚出发，就开始下雨。我们刚出发，就开始下雨。答案：答案：A(2)(2010陕 西西 卷卷 ， 20)John thinks it wont b
61、e long_he is ready for his new job.AwhenBafterCbeforeDsince解解析析：句句意意：John认为用用不不了了多多久久他他就就会会为自自己己的的新新工工作作做做好好准准备。It wont be long before. 是是个个固固定定句句型型，意意为“用不了多久就用不了多久就”。答案：答案：C即学即用即学即用(1)Ive never seen anyone run so fast_David go.Ajust watch Bjust to watchCjust watching Djust having watched(2)Scientis
62、ts say it may be five or six years_it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.AsinceBafterCbeforeDwhen答案：答案：(1)A(2)C3To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run
63、a city of 50 000 people in the year 2050.为了了解解年年轻人人的的对未未来来城城市市生生活活的的观点点，美美国国得得克克萨斯斯州州一一所所大大学学的的一一位位老老师让他他的的学学生生们考考虑他他们将将如如何何管管理理2025年一个年一个拥有有5万人口的城市。万人口的城市。to find out what young people think about the future of urban life是是动词不不定定式式短短语，在在句句中中作作目目的的状状语。当当作作目目的的状状语的的不不定定式式短短语放放于于句句首首时，常常用用逗逗号号与与句句子子隔隔
64、开开；放放于于句句中中则不不用用逗逗号号。为了了使使目目的的更更加加清清楚楚或或表表示示强强调意意义时，还可可以以用用in order to或或so as to，但但要要注注意意so as to不不能用于句首。能用于句首。He came to Australia to study kangaroos.他去澳洲是他去澳洲是为了研究袋鼠。了研究袋鼠。Ive written it down in order not to forget.我把它我把它记下来，主要是防止忘了。下来，主要是防止忘了。He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.他大声叫喊并他大声叫喊并挥
65、着手以便能被注意到。着手以便能被注意到。高考直击高考直击(1)(2010全全国国卷卷，34)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought解解析析：句句意意：父父亲亲节节即即将将到到来来之之际际，我我从从银银行行取取了了一一些钱给父亲买礼物。不定式短语在句中作状语，表目的。些钱给父亲买礼物。不定式短语在句中作状语，表目的。答案：答案：B(2)(2009北北京京)All of t
66、hem try to use the power of the workstation_information in a more effective way.Apresenting BpresentedCbeing presented Dto present解析：解析：此此处考考查不定式作目的状不定式作目的状语。答案：答案：D即学即用即学即用_late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.ATo sleep BSleepingCSleep DHaving slept答案：答案：A4To get rid of garbage problems,
67、 the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.为为了了摆摆脱脱垃垃圾圾问问题题的的困困扰扰，城城市市将将会会用用巨巨型型宇宇宙宙飞飞船船载载废废弃弃材材料料，朝朝太太阳阳发发射射，以以防防止止垃垃圾圾填填埋埋和和环环境境问问题题的的发生。发生。1)to get rid of garbage problems是是动词不不定定式式短短语，在在句句中中作作目目的的状状语。prev
68、enting landfill and environmental problems是是现在分在分词短短语作状作状语，表示，表示结果。果。The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.暴暴风雨雨过去了，去了，对这个地区造成了巨大的破坏。个地区造成了巨大的破坏。 注意：注意：(1)分分词词作作结结果果状状语语，通通常常表表示示一一个个自自然然形形成成的的结结果果，是前面所述动作的直接结果。是前面所述动作的直接结果。A number of new machines were installed in the factory,
69、thus resulting in an increase in production.这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而产量增加了。这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而产量增加了。(2)不不定定式式作作结结果果状状语语，经经常常表表示示继继谓谓语语动动作作发发生生后后才才出出现现了了的的一一个个相相反反或或出出乎乎意意料料的的结结果果，常常表表示示“没没想想到到”；“结结果果却却”；“未未料料”等等意意思思。其其前前常常加些如加些如just，only等词修饰，以示强调。等词修饰，以示强调。I arrived at the station in a hurry, only to find the tra
70、in had left.我匆忙地赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。我匆忙地赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。高考直击高考直击(1)(2010江江苏苏卷卷，28)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，_the students to return to their classrooms.Aenabling Bhaving enabledCto enable Dto have enabled解解析析：句句意意：这这个个退退休休的的老老人人把把他
71、他大大部部分分的的积积蓄蓄都都捐捐给给了了玉玉树树地地震震中中的的受受灾灾学学校校，使使学学生生们们能能够够重重返返课课堂堂。本本题题考考查查非非谓谓语语动动词词的的用用法法。the man与与enable之之间间是是主主动动关关系，故应用其系，故应用其ving形式来作结果状语。形式来作结果状语。答案：答案：A(2)(2010天天津津卷卷，12)It rained heavily in the south，_serious flooding in several provinces.Acaused Bhaving causedCcausing Dto cause解解析析：句句意意：南南方方下下
72、雨雨很很大大，结果果造造成成了了几几个个省省严重重被被淹淹。本本题考考查动词的的现在在分分词在在句句中中作作结果果状状语，强强调主主句句动作作发生生后后导致致的的结果果，表表示示自自然然而而然然的的结果果。不不定定式作式作结果状果状语表示出乎意料的表示出乎意料的结果。果。答案：答案：C(3)(2010重重庆卷卷，30)The news shocked the public，_to great concern about students safety at school.Ahaving led BledCleading Dto lead解解析析：句句意意：这条条消消息息令令社社会会震震惊惊，引
73、引起起了了人人们对在在校校学学生生安安全全的的极极大大关关注注。本本题考考查非非谓语动词。根根据据本本句句的的结构构来来看看，引引起起的的关关注注正正是是这条条消消息息令令公公众众震震惊惊的的同同时所所引引起起的的结果果，即即结果果状状语；而而做做结果果状状语，且且表表达达主主动意意义，不不可可能能用用过去去分分词，排排除除B；而而答答案案A意意思思是是“导致致了了以以后后”，意意思思是是在在谓语动词发生生之之前前的的，不不符符合合本本句句的的语境境；而而答答案案D为不不定定式式，常常来来表表示示目目的的，或或意意想想不不到到的的结果，也不符合本句的果，也不符合本句的语境，故只有境，故只有C最
74、合适。最合适。答案：答案：C即学即用即学即用The Indian Ocean tsunami at the end of 2004 is believed_more than 160,000 people and made millions homeless, _it perhaps the most destroying tsunami in history.Ato kill; making Bto have killed; makingChaving killed; to make Dkilling; made答案：答案：B2)load n. 负荷荷；负担担；载重重量量；(责任任或或忧虑的
75、的)沉沉重重感；感；v.(常与常与up, with连用用)装；装装；装满；载满Extra warmth from sunlight can put an additional load on the airconditioning system.过多的阳光多的阳光(热量量)会增加空会增加空调系系统的工作的工作负荷。荷。She thought she would not be able to bear the load of bringing up her family alone.她她认为自己无法担自己无法担负起独自一人养大孩子起独自一人养大孩子们的重任。的重任。We loaded the t
76、ruck with bananas.我我们把香蕉装上了卡把香蕉装上了卡车。知识拓展知识拓展与与load.with.结构相似的动词短语：结构相似的动词短语：fill.with. 充满充满cover.with. 覆盖覆盖equip.with. 装备；配备装备；配备高考直击高考直击(2008全全国国)Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it_.Acollected BcontainedCloaded Dsaved解解析析：考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。collect“收收集集”；contain“包包含含；包包括括”；load“把把装装
77、上上车车/船船等等”；save“拯拯救救；节省节省”。由句意可知。由句意可知B正确。正确。答案：答案：B即学即用即学即用Nowdays pupils dont like going to school. They are_much homework.Aloaded up Bloaded downCloading with Dloaded down with答案：答案：D5Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是子弹。警察逮捕罪犯时，将会向罪犯射出网状物而不是子弹。1)在在本
78、本句句中中，by意意为“依依靠靠；借借助助于于”，后后常常接接表表示示方方式式、手手段段的的词。“by动词的的ing形形式式”表表示示“通通过的的方式方式”。He made a living by teaching.他通他通过教教书谋生。生。What do you mean by saying that?你那么你那么说什么意思？什么意思？注意：注意：by表示方式时，也可以接名词作宾语。表示方式时，也可以接名词作宾语。with表方式，后接具体工具。表方式，后接具体工具。The house is heated by gas.这房子是煤气供暖的。这房子是煤气供暖的。May I pay by cheq
79、ue?我能用支票付款吗？我能用支票付款吗？Its not fair to judge people by their appearance.以貌取人是不公平的。以貌取人是不公平的。2)fire在在此此为动词，意意为“射射击”，此此外外还有有其其他他含含义，如如“开除；解除；激起开除；解除；激起(热情等情等)”。She got fired from her first job.她第一次工作就被解雇。她第一次工作就被解雇。Your speech fired the childrens admiration.你的演你的演讲激起了孩子激起了孩子们的羡慕之情。的羡慕之情。高考直击高考直击(1)(2008
80、北北京京)If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave_the back door.AforBbyCacrossDout解解析析：本本题题考考查查了了介介词词的的用用法法。by表表示示“经经过过；沿沿；经经由由”；for表表示示“为为了了；给给”；across表表示示“穿穿过过；越越过过”；out表表示示“从从里里面面出出去去；离离开开”。句句意意为为“如如果果会会议期间你必须得离开，你最好从后门走议期间你必须得离开，你最好从后门走”。答案：答案：B(2)(2009重重庆)Try on this red sk
81、irt; you will look great_it.AonBbyCinDfor解解析析：考考查介介词。此此处(be)insth.表表示示“穿穿着着”或或“戴戴着着”之意。之意。答案：答案：C即学即用即学即用How did they put out the fire yesterday?They put out the fire by_water on it.Apour BpouringCto pour Dpours答案：答案：B6Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matt
82、er where they live.每每个个人人一一生生出出就就会会得得到到一一个个电电话话号号码码，将将来来无无论论他他们们生活在哪儿，这个号码都不会改变。生活在哪儿，这个号码都不会改变。本本句句使使用用了了一一个个由由that引引导的的定定语从从句句，关关系系代代词作作主主语，从从句句修修饰先先行行词a telephone number，而而从从句句中中又又含含有一个由有一个由no matter where引引导的的让步状步状语从句。从句。no matter引引导让步步状状语从从句句，常常与与what, who, when, where, which, how等等连用用，置置于于主主句句
83、之之前前或或之之后后，意意为“无无论/不管不管”，从句用，从句用陈述述语序。序。no matter what/who/where/howwhatever/whoever/wherever/howeverNo matter who knocks, dont open the door.(Whoever knocks.)不不论谁敲敲门，你都不要开。，你都不要开。提提示示：whatever, whichever, whoever还可可以以引引导名名词性性从从句句，此此时不不能能转化化为引引导让步步状状语从从句句的的no matter what(which, who, whom)。It is gene
84、rally considered unwise to give a child whatever he wants.人人们普普遍遍认为，孩孩子子想想要要什什么么就就给什什么么是是不不明明智智的的。(句句中中的的whatever引引导宾语从从句句，不不能能用用no matter what替替换。)高考直击高考直击(1)(2010浙浙 江江 卷卷 ， 1)How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK，_you want.Awhichever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever解解析析：句句意意：“这这个个周周末末改改变变
85、一一下下出出去去野野营营如如何何？”“”“行行，你你喜喜欢欢干干什什么么都都行行”。whatever“无无论论事事物物；任任何何的的事事物物”，无无固固定定范范围围；whichever“无无论论哪哪个个”，常常指指一一定定范范围围之之内内“无无论论哪哪一一个个”；however“无无论论多多么么”，后跟形容词或副词；，后跟形容词或副词；whoever“无论谁无论谁”。答案：答案：C(2)(2010重重庆卷卷，25)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions_had used the products.Awho
86、everBwhoCwhicheverDwhich解解析析：句句意意：为了了提提高高我我们的的产品品的的质量量，我我们向向任任何何用用过我我们产品品的的人人征征求求了了建建议。本本题考考查名名词性性从从句句的的引引导词。从从本本句句的的语境境来来看看，引引导词需需要要做做动词asked的的宾语，还要要做做从从句句中中had used动词的的主主语，且且表表示示具具体体的的人人，故故选A，同：，同：anyone that。答案：答案：A即学即用即学即用He tried his best to solve the problem, _difficult it was.Ahowever Bno mat
87、terCwhatever Dalthough答案：答案：A7.and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。并且只要轻轻按一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。此此句句中中的的at意意思思为“一一(就就会会发生生)”。类似似的的短短语还有有：at the thought of一一想想到到就就；at the sight of一一看看到就到就； at the news of一听到一听到的消息就的消息就They began shooting at the
88、sight of the enemy plane.一看一看见敌机他机他们就开始射就开始射击。She burst out crying at the news.她一知道她一知道这消息就放大声大哭起来。消息就放大声大哭起来。即学即用即学即用Rose was wild with joy_the result of the examination.AtoBatCbyDas答案：答案：B8Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each c
89、ity having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.随随着着每每一一个个城城市市都都有有了了自自己己的的远远程程诊诊所所，医医生生能能从从数数千里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗会非常普及。千里以外为病人动手术的远程治疗会非常普及。1)with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic是是with的一种复合的一种复合结构。构。with的的这种种复复合合结构构通通常常是是“with名名词/代代词形形容容词/副副词/名名词/分分词/不不定定式式/介介词短短语”，常常用用来来作作状状语，表表示
90、条件、原因、方式、示条件、原因、方式、时间、伴随情况等。、伴随情况等。I went out with the window open.(with名名词形形容容词)我外出我外出时没关窗没关窗户。She sleeps with the light on.(with名名词副副词)她开着灯睡她开着灯睡觉。With something important to talk about with you, you must stay here.(with代代词不不定定式式)由由于于有有很很重重要要的的事事情情和你商量，你必和你商量，你必须留下。留下。The man entered the room, wit
91、h a book in his hand.(with名名词介介词短短语)这个个男男人人手手里里拿拿着着本本书进了了房房间。高考直击高考直击(1)(2010山山东东卷卷，29)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already_for a meal to be cooked.AlaidBlayingCto layDbeing laid解解析析：考考查查with的的复复合合结结构构。table与与lay之之间间构构成成逻逻辑辑上上的的动动宾宾关关系系，即即lay the table“摆摆放放桌桌子子”；因因此此用用laid作
92、作宾补。宾补。答案：答案：A(2)(2009全全国国)Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions_？Ataking BtakeCtakenDto take解解析析：句句意意为“现在在，我我们已已经讨论了了问题， 人人们满意意要要采采取取的的决决定定吗？”take 与与the decisions之之间存存在在的的关关系系是是动宾关系，故用关系，故用过去分去分词表示被表示被动。答案：答案：C即学即用即学即用With a lot of difficult problems_， the newlyel
93、ected president is having a hard time.Asettled BsettlingCbeing settled Dto settle答案：答案：D2)common adj.(1)常常见的；通常的；普遍的的；通常的；普遍的Jackson is a common English name.杰克杰克逊是常是常见的英的英语人名。人名。(2)共有的；共享的；共同的共有的；共享的；共同的They share a common interest in photography.他他们在在摄影方面影方面兴趣相投。趣相投。知识拓展知识拓展have.in common with. 与与
94、有共同之处有共同之处in common 共同；共同拥有的共同；共同拥有的in common with 和和一样一样common sense 常识常识即学即用即学即用(2009吉吉林林实实验验中中学学模模拟拟)Letter boxes are much more_in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.Acommon BnormalCordinary Dusual答案：答案：A9.medical treatment in which the doctor cuts open your body 医生把你
95、的身体剖开的医疗治疗医生把你的身体剖开的医疗治疗该结构构中中，关关系系代代词which引引导的的定定语从从句句用用来来代代替替medical treatment，并并且且将将介介词in提提前前，可可以以改改为medical treatment which the doctor cuts open your body in，这时关关系代系代词也可以使用也可以使用that。高考直击高考直击(2010江江苏苏卷卷，32)The newlybuilt cafe，the walls of_are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，
96、especially after hard work.AthatBitCwhatDwhich解解析析：句句意意：新新建建的的咖咖啡啡馆馆的的墙墙壁壁被被刷刷成成了了淡淡绿绿色色，对对我我们们来来说说真真是是个个安安静静的的好好地地方方，尤尤其其是是辛辛劳劳的的工工作作之之后后。本本题题考考查查定定语语从从句句。the名名词词of关关系系代代词词引引导导定定语语从从句。句。答案：答案：DModule 1 Life in the Future外研版英语同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全Module 1 Life in the Future外研版英语同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
