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1、2015年阅读简答专题年阅读简答专题讲解讲解73.Thetoolsthatuseelectricity.74.Thethingstheyhaveseenindailylife.75.Becauseitssculpturewasjudgedthebestforcreativity,technicalskillsandvisualimpact.Thesculptorsbringouttheirfavoritetoolsthatworkbestonthehardicedsnow，buttheyarenotallowedtoemploytoolsthatuseelectricityWhatkindof
2、toolsarethesculptorsNOTpermittedtouse?(Nomorethan6words)09:73.Hepushedthevatsofwarmchocolatetoastoragearea.74.Becauseherealizeditwashisownfault.BecauseherealizeditwasnotGrandfathersfault/mistake.75.（Itshowsusthat）Hersheywaspleasant,humorous,kind（toothers）andreallyrespectable. (此题的答案来自原文的第三段.)10年：年：8
3、1.Theywillfeelgreatlysurprised.82.Shejoineditforfellowshipandcommunityservice.83.Shewantedtogivethechildrensomeothergiftsratherthanthebasics.84.ItreferstopeoplewhogiveawayanonymousgiftsonChristmas.83.解析：根据最后一段解析：根据最后一段“LastyearLindaaskedthemotherforasecondwishlist-onethatdidntincludethebasics.和和“She
4、purchasediPodsforthetwoolderchildrenandavideogamesystemfortheyoungest.可判断作答可判断作答84.答案：答案：itreferstopeoplewhogiveawayanonymousgiftsonChristmas解析：综合第一段和最后一段可推断作解析：综合第一段和最后一段可推断作答。答。11年：年：1.Shehadaquarrelwithherhusband.2.Shefailedtojogtotheendofthestreet.3.Noonewouldbedisappointedorevenknow.4.Runningma
5、kesherfeelgoodwhilejoggingmakesherlookgood.类似题目类似题目:LammilyalsohasotherfeaturesUnlikeBarbieandherfriends,whosepointedlegswouldforcehertowalkonallfoursifshewerereal,Lammilyhasarticulated（枢接的）（枢接的）jointsabletowalk,run,andplayThedollcanevenbeputinayogaposition.Whatsmore,theLammilydollsincludeastickerpa
6、ckagethatcanhelptoaddreal-lifemarkstothedolls,includingfreckles,acne,moles,andtattoos“Youcanalsoaddminorcutsandbruises,likeonesyoudgetfromfallingdownwhilesnowboarding,”LammtoldNBC82HowistheLammilydolldifferentfromBarbiedolls?（Nomorethan13words）（3marks）ItismodeledafteranaverageyoungAmericanwomanwithr
7、eallifefeatures.81.InwhatwaywasPodelldifferentfromotherpeopleinthepark?(Nomorethan6words)(2013)根据第一段最后But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice.再通过第三段开头Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May可知a woman就是Podell，故答案为：Sh
8、e was giving free advice.12年：年：81.Hewantedtosaveupmoneyandbuyhisowncar.第二段第二句。第二段第二句。82.Themanagerparticularlyexpectedthemtoofferfastservicewithafriendlysmile.第二段最后一句。第二段最后一句。83.Becauseheloveshisco-workersandallthecustomerknowwhoheis.第三段第一句。第三段第一句。84.Helearnedteamwork,devotionandstayingpositiveinrou
9、ghsituations.最最后一段头两句。后一段头两句。(09年年75题题)13年：年：81.Shewasgivingfreeadvice.82.Theyexpecthertolistenandproviderealanswers.83.Theyshouldtalkthingsout.84.Shewouldpromoteittoeachpublicspacewiththehelpofvolunteers.82:根据根据peopleinneed和和expect定位到定位到andtheyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsotoproviderealanswers.由于
10、字数限制，这里需由于字数限制，这里需要将答案改为简单句：要将答案改为简单句：Theyexpecthertolistenandproviderealanswer.83:根据根据makingdecisions定位到定位到Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision-makingprocess.得出答案为：得出答案为：Theyshouldtalkthingsout.84:根据根据NewYork定位到尾段定位到尾段PodellsaidshewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork
11、,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.由由于字数限制可将从句合并到简单句中变成：于字数限制可将从句合并到简单句中变成：Shewouldpromoteittoeachpublicspacewiththehelpofvolunteers.你对阅读简答题的相关数值了解多少：你对阅读简答题的相关数值了解多少：题数，分值，答题字数、文章词数，题数，分值，答题字数、文章词数，做题大概时间做题大概时间4个小题；个小题；分值由原来的分值由原来的6分增加至分增加至10分（两道分（两道2分分,两道两道3分）；分）；答题字数少于或等于限定词数
12、，超答题字数少于或等于限定词数，超词酌情扣分；词酌情扣分；文章词数在文章词数在300字左右；做题时间在字左右；做题时间在10分钟左右分钟左右考试说明考试说明:本节要求考生阅读文章后本节要求考生阅读文章后,根据各小题的根据各小题的具体要求具体要求,简要回答问题简要回答问题.主要考查考生主要考查考生对对所读短文的主要信息进行转述的能力所读短文的主要信息进行转述的能力.考点解读：考点解读： 理解作为基础固然重要，但文字表达能力才是理解作为基础固然重要，但文字表达能力才是成败的关键。要做好此题，必须具备良好的表成败的关键。要做好此题，必须具备良好的表达能力，善于归纳概括有效信息，表达时不能达能力，善于
13、归纳概括有效信息，表达时不能超过题目规定的字数。超过题目规定的字数。 20102014年阅读并回答问题难度及区分度年阅读并回答问题难度及区分度项项目目20102011201220132014难难度度0.4030.2910.5580.3990.546区区分分度度0.7660.7580.7850.8380.8792010-20141、体裁特征：、体裁特征：2010-2014都为记叙文都为记叙文2、题型设置：四题，设问涉及、题型设置：四题，设问涉及what（必有）、（必有）、how、why3、考查内容：、考查内容：细节把握；文章关键信息的细节把握；文章关键信息的整合（如人物形象、人物心理）；推理、整
14、合（如人物形象、人物心理）；推理、提炼（如主旨大意、作者观点态度）提炼（如主旨大意、作者观点态度）4、难点：文章与题干、答案中的词汇、同义、难点：文章与题干、答案中的词汇、同义句型转换；跨句跨段综合归纳；提炼文章句型转换；跨句跨段综合归纳；提炼文章主旨主旨5、难易程度：相对简单，难度呈下降趋势，、难易程度：相对简单，难度呈下降趋势，其中其中2010年偏难。年偏难。答题建议答题建议由于阅读简答答题偏后，且相对简单，可根据时间由于阅读简答答题偏后，且相对简单，可根据时间和把握程度选择全文通读或看题直接找答案和把握程度选择全文通读或看题直接找答案Step1、根据题干中信息词快速在文中、根据题干中信息
15、词快速在文中定位定位；（通常情况下题目设置大致是按顺序一主要段（通常情况下题目设置大致是按顺序一主要段一问）一问）Step2、根据设问确定答案的、根据设问确定答案的形式形式；（如（如Why对应对应because或或todo;How对应对应by）Step3、把完整的答案写出来或确定几个必不、把完整的答案写出来或确定几个必不可少的可少的关键词关键词；（这样缩答案时可以确保形；（这样缩答案时可以确保形式正确）式正确）Step4、根据、根据字数要求字数要求合成句子填上答题卡合成句子填上答题卡典例分析典例分析Beforeyoudoit:题干中关键词常常需要和文中词进行转换，题干中关键词常常需要和文中词进
16、行转换，如附中第四次月考如附中第四次月考81题：题：whatwastheoldmanexpectingwhentheauthorsawhim?而文中内容为：而文中内容为：Hewasstandingononelegandtryingtogesturetothepassingcars,withthehopethatoneofthemwouldstop. 例文：例文：Thesculptorsbringouttheirfavoritetoolsthatworkbestonthehardicedsnow，buttheyarenotallowedtoemploytoolsthatuseelectricit
17、y题：题：WhatkindoftoolsarethesculptorsNOTpermittedtouse?(Nomorethan6words)我们来分析一下原文中和题中关键词的对应。我们来分析一下原文中和题中关键词的对应。这里有两处对应：第一处是原文中的这里有两处对应：第一处是原文中的allowed与与题目中的题目中的permitted的对应，这是同意词的对应；的对应，这是同意词的对应；第二处是原文中的第二处是原文中的employ与题目中的与题目中的use的对应的对应，这也是同义的对应。，这也是同义的对应。1、细节题、细节题该题最重要的是找到关键词后前后该题最重要的是找到关键词后前后句子看完整
18、，尤其需要注意的是句子看完整，尤其需要注意的是and,also,notonlybutalso以及从句以及从句（一定不能被乱七八糟的长句给迷惑（一定不能被乱七八糟的长句给迷惑了）了）2011年的阅读简答第年的阅读简答第84.题。题。84. What did the author learn from his first job？(No more than 11 words) (3 marks)Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkanddevotion.Ialsolearnedstayingpositivenomatterhowroughth
19、ingsseemtoget.IwillforevercarrytheexperiencethatIgainedattherestaurantwithmeasIgoforwardinmylife._84.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisfirstjob？(Nomorethan11words)(3marks)_由由learnfrom定位到定位到信息信息Ilearnedteamworkanddevotion.Ialsolearnedstayingpositivenomatterhowroughthingsseemtoget.84.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfr
20、omhisfirstjob？(Nomorethan11words)(3marks)_Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkanddevotion.Ialsolearnedstayingpositivenomatterhowroughthingsseemtoget.IwillforevercarrytheexperiencethatIgainedattherestaurantwithmeasIgoforwardinmylife.Helearnedteamwork,devotion,andstayingpositiveinroughsituat
21、ions思考：因词数的限定我思考：因词数的限定我们如何转换信息？们如何转换信息？主句还是从句？主句还是从句？inroughsituations2011如：如：2014Thistimeasanexpertwitness,heusedenvironmentalprotectionlawstoexplainrestrictionsondevelopmentinandaroundwetlandsandtheknowledgeofwetlandsecologytohelpimprovethedevelopment.T84.Whathelpedtheboytoprotectthepondssuccessf
22、ullynineyearslater?(Nomorethan12words)key:Environmentalprotectionlawsandtheknowledgeofwetlandsecologyhelpedhim.2013IaskedifthereisafutureplanfortheFreeAdviceProject.PodellsaidshewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.T84.HowwouldPodellpr
23、omoteherprojectinNewYork?(Nomorethan15words)Key:Shewouldpromoteittoeachpublicspacewiththehelpofvolunteers.2、信息整合题、信息整合题2010文章开头文章开头OnChristmasmorning,Lindawakesup,andtriestoimaginethewide-eyedsurpriseofchildreninanotherhouseholdastheyunwrapthepresentsshecarefullychoseforthem.Lindahasnevermetthechild
24、ren,butthatsallpartofthejoyofgivingassecretSantas,shesays.“Itsanamazingfeelingtobuygiftsonananonymous(匿名的匿名的)basis,”saysLinda.LastyearLindaaskedthemotherforasecondwishlistonethatdidntincludethebasics.“EverychildshouldhaveaChristmasthatstickswiththemforalifetime.”ShepurchasediPodsforthetwoolderchildr
25、enandavideogamesystemfortheyoungest.83.WhydidLindaaskforasecondwishlist?(Nomorethan15words)(3marks)Key:ShewantedtogivethechildrensomeothergiftsratherthanthebasicsThejoyofgivingassecretSantasismuchsweeterwhenthegiftisanonymous.84.Whatkindofpeopledoes“secretSantas”inthepassagereferto?(Nomorethan12word
26、s)(3marks)Key:ItreferstopeoplewhogiveawayanonymousgiftsonChristmas特别注意特别注意：此题：此题secret对应对应anonymousgifts而而Santas对应对应onChristmas3、推理提炼题、推理提炼题 由于高考涉及较少，我们来看看附中第四次月由于高考涉及较少，我们来看看附中第四次月考的一道题。这类题关键还在对文章的把握上考的一道题。这类题关键还在对文章的把握上文中内容：文中内容：IthenrushedontowhereIhadtobe.ButImissedmyappointmentaswellasabigcontr
27、actatlast.Ididnotregret,forIhaddonesomethingthatwasrewarding.T84.howdidtheauthorfeelaboutwhatshedidfortheoldman?(nomorethan7words)Key:Shefelthappyaboutit.（此题的（此题的felt不要拼不要拼写错误）写错误）OrShefeltproudofherself.“AtonepointItoldmyselftoslowdown,oryoullnevergetthereifyoutrytokeepupthisspeedIwantedtoslowclown
28、,butIcouldntIdidntwanttodisappointanyone,”hesaid.84WhydidCroizonwanttoslowdownwhilecrossingtheChannel?（nomorethan10wordsHefearedthatswimmingfastwouldmakehimtired./Hewasafraidswimmingfastwouldexhausthim.4.注意审题：注意审题：Thereisalsoevidencethatindustrialchemicalsmayincreasebodyfat.Thesechemicals,whichareus
29、edinproducts,changehormonal(荷尔蒙的荷尔蒙的)activitywhentheygetintothebody.Studiessuggestthatpeoplehavebeengettingmoreandmoreofthesechemicalsthroughthefoodchaininrecentdecades.83.Howdotheindustrialchemicalsaffectingourweightcomeintoourbody?Howdotheindustrialchemicalswhichcomeintoourbodyaffectourweight?Onth
30、eotherhand,whydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephones?Signsofchangeinthetissue(组织组织)ofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanningequipment.Inonecase,atravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungageduetothefactthathecouldntrememberevensimpletasks.Themanhadbeentalkingon
31、hismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursadayforacoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneuse.Whydidthesalesmanmentionedinthepassageretireyoung?(Nomorethan7words)Whywasthesalesmanretiringyoungmentionedinthepassage?(Nomorethan7words)简答相对来说应是最容易拿满分的一道简答相对来说应是最容易拿满分的一道题，因此关注小细节尤为重要。题，因此关注小细节尤为重要。特别特别是时态（题干中用什么时态问，我们是时态（题干中用什么时态问，我们就用什么时态答）和人称（注意人称就用什么时态答）和人称（注意人称的变化，如果三人称单数做主语时也的变化，如果三人称单数做主语时也要注意用相应的谓语动词）要注意用相应的谓语动词）所以不要所以不要因为它比较简单就因为它比较简单就takeitgranted!Thanksforyourlistening
