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1、partsofthesesentencesindicatethe“time”.ThemomentIgetthemoneyIllsendtheticket.Iwasjustgettingintothebathwhenthetelephonerang.Hegetsmoreattractiveashegetsolder.WheneverIgotheretheyseemtobeintrouble.IvebeenverybusysinceIcamebackfromholiday.（1）when,as,while（从属连词）（从属连词）when既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂
2、性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：句动作之前。如：WhenIwasaboy,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（同时）（同时）Whenthelessonwasover,webeganourwriting.（从句动作在前）（从句动作在前）as引引导导持持续续性性动动作作，侧侧重重主主句句和和从从句句的的动动作同时发生。作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Isawyoursisterasshewas
3、gettingonthebusyesterday.Hesangashewalked.while指的是指的是“在某一时间里在某一时间里”，“在在期间期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。如：如：WhilehewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.WhilewewerewatchingTV,hewaswritingacomposition.当当when,as,while表示表示“在在一段时间里一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时
4、，可以换，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：用。如：While(When/As)wewerediscussing,Mr.Smithcamein.*when可表示可表示“如果如果”。如：。如：Dontbeafraidofaskingforhelp_itisneeded.(2003全国）全国）A.UnlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when*while可表示可表示“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”。如：。如：1)_modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.(2004浙江）浙江）A.Wh
5、ileB.SinceC.AsD.If* _Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(2004江苏）江苏）A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unlesswhen和和while（并列连词）（并列连词）while表示对表示对照的意思；照的意思；when表示表示“这时，突然这时，突然”1)Idoeverysinglebitofhousework_myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.(2004广西）广西）A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as2)Hewasabouttotel
6、lmethesecret_someonepattedhimontheshoulder.(2002上海）上海）A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3)Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.(2004北京春）北京春）A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before4)Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark_shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.(2004上海）上海）A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.before(2)till和和unti
7、l如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到直到为止为止”。如：。如：Iworkedtill(until)hecameback.1)Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislistenerscuriosity_hereachestheendofthestory.(2003上海）上海）A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until2)Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(2004
8、辽宁）辽宁）A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示否定式的主句表示“直到直到才才”。如：如：Ididntgotobeduntil(till)hecameback.3)-Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?-Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.(2003春）春）A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when放在句首表示强调时一般用放
9、在句首表示强调时一般用until。如：。如：Untilhereturns,nothingcanbedone.4)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.(1995全国全国)A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize*如果如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成有时不能译成“在在之前之前”，而要译成，而要译成“就就”、“才才”等。如：等
10、。如：ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.(3)before“在在之前之前”BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay.1)Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup_Icouldanswerthephone.(2000全国）全国）A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before2)Hemadeamis
11、take,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.(2003北京）北京）A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as3)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(2004福建）福建）A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when4)Itwasevening_wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(2004天津）天津）A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before(4)byt
12、hetime,eachtime,everytime,immediately,themoment,theinstant,theminute,soonafter,shortlyafter都可以作为都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：连词，引导时间状语。如：Bythetimehewasfourteen,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmathematics.Eachtimehecame,hewouldcallonme.Youmustshowhiminimmediatelyhecomes.IrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.注意：注意：时间状语从句中谓语动词
13、不能时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。过去时表示将来时。-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes,Igaveittoher_Isawher.(2001全国春）全国春）A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once时间状语从句：时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas,once,themome
14、nt,immediately,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,bythetime,everytime,lasttime等。等。ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime_wemeetthemagain.(2007安徽安徽)A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.whenHewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonths_hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.(2007江西江西)A.whenB.beforeC.since
15、D.thatItisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife_weveactuallyhadthatlesson.(2007天津天津)A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when-Wheresthatreport?-Ibroughtittoyou_youwereinMr.Blacksofficeyesterday.(2007北北京京)A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.beforeImsorryyouvebeenwaitingsolong,butitllstillbesometime_Briangetsback.(2008北京北京)A.beforeB
16、.sinceC.tillD.afterIusedtolovethatfilm_Iwasachild,butIdontfeelitthatwayanymore.(2008辽宁辽宁)A.onceB.whenC.sinceD.althoughThereweresomechairsleftover_everyonehadsatdown.(2008四川四川)A.whenB.untilC.thatD.whereNancyenjoyedherselfsomuch_shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.(2008福建福建)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
17、1.我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。(assoonas)2.她一来到教室，就开始读英语。她一来到教室，就开始读英语。(assoonas)IlltellhimthenewsassoonasIseehim.Assoonasshecameintotheclassroom,shebegantoreadEnglish.Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingthewordsinbrackets.Exercises3.我刚一到家天就下雨了。我刚一到家天就下雨了。(nosoonerthan)Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegan
18、torain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.4.他刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。他刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。(hardlywhen)Hehadhardlyfinishedthetestwhenthebellrang.Hardlyhadhefinishedthetestwhenthebellrang.5.5.他一来，你就可立即离开。他一来，你就可立即离开。(immediately)6.6.我一见到你，就认出你来了。我一见到你，就认出你来了。(themoment)Youmayleaveimmediatelyhecomes.Irecognizedyouthemom
19、entIsawyou.7.7.每次见面，他都向我问候，说每次见面，他都向我问候，说“你好！你好！”(eachtime/everytime)8.8.到到1818岁的时候，她已大学毕业了。岁的时候，她已大学毕业了。(bythetime)Hegreetedwith“hello!”eachtimehesawme.Bythetimeshewas18,shehadalreadygraduatedfromtheuniversity.Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidntcometoschooltoseemethenextday.
20、Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidnt.避免重复避免重复,减少累赘减少累赘EllipsesLookatthefollowingsentences,saywhichoneisbetterandwhy.省略句省略句:为了避免重复为了避免重复, ,省省略句中的一个或几个成分略句中的一个或几个成分, ,这种语法现象称为省略。这种语法现象称为省略。1.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.2.Seenthemoviebefore?Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Haveyouseenth
21、emoviebefore?连接紧密，结构紧凑连接紧密，结构紧凑强调重点，突出信息强调重点，突出信息Addwordswhichhavebeenleftoutandrewritethesentences.3.Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobin1998.4.-Whatdidyoudoyesterday?-Justslept.Nothingelse.Johnwasthewinnerin1994andBobwasthewinnerin1998.-Ijustslept.Ididnothingelse.简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1.在对话中在对话中-Howisyourmother
22、today?-(Sheis)Muchbetter.2.在祈使句中在祈使句中（You)Openthedoor,please.3.在感叹句中在感叹句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.表示讲话人的表示讲话人的意见意见和和看法看法(It)Soundsfinetome.(Itsa)Pityyoucouldntcome.5.提问提问(Isthere)Anythingwrong?(Haveyou)Foundthebike?6.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺店铺、住宅住宅、教堂教堂或或上下文已暗示或明确指上下文已暗示或明确
23、指出过的出过的事物事物Athermothers(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.7.前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现时可以单纯使用不定式符号时可以单纯使用不定式符号toI.-Willyougowithme?-Well,Idliketo(gowithyou).II.-Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?-No,wecantaffordto(gototheseaside).并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。省略。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)hone
24、st.2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。掌握全句的完整意义。Marycan(speakEnglish)andMaryoughttospeakEnglish.惯用的省略结构惯用的省略结构1.无动词祈使句，无主句祝愿句，这无动词祈使句，无主句祝愿句，这类句子往往用感叹号。类句子往往用感叹号。IfonlyIcouldrememberhisname!2.固定句型固定句型How/Whatabout+n./pron./-ing。Whataboutsomemoremilk?3.Whynot+省去
25、省去to的动词不定式。的动词不定式。Whynotgoatonce?复合句中的省略复合句中的省略1.主句中的省略主句中的省略1)主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语。(Itsa)Pityyoucouldntcome.2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。句。-ShallIgotoplay?-Ifyoulike(youcangotoplay).2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略1）由）由which,when,where,how和和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去去,只保留引导词。只保留引导词。Plea
26、sepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idontcarewhich(youpassme).2)在在Imafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等开头的作答句中，后面跟等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与与not分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语分别用于肯定或否定宾语时，宾语从句可省去。从句可省去。-Doyouthinkitwillrain?-Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).3.状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略1）状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以）状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。作句尾省略。Comingswimming?Youdo
27、nthaveto(comingswimming)ifyoudontwantto(comingswimming).2)有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。下主句。Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).3)以以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。部或部分省去。Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(2002
28、全国全国)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为方式或让步等，连词为when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。等。2.Whatsurpris
29、edmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.(2004湖北湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich关系代词在限制性定语从句中关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略。以省略。3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(1999上海上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,liste
30、nto,overhear,observe和使役动词和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时后作宾语补足语时,不定不定式省略式省略to。4.-Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?-Notatall._.(1995全国全国)A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Idbehappyto动词动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及及beglad(pleased,del
31、ighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留只保留to不定式符号。不定式符号。5.-Youhaventlosttheticket,haveyou?-_.Iknowitsnoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.(2004江苏江苏)A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,Imafraidso替代词替代词so/not用于避免重复前面所说过用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词词beli
32、eve,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等及等及Imafraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so搭配，否搭配，否定时定时hope与与guess只用只用Ihopenot和和Iguessnot形式，而形式，而think,believe,suppose等词等词可有两种否定形式可有两种否定形式，即：，即：Inot.或或Idontso.6._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(1994上海上海)A.WereB.ShouldC.Wo
33、uldD.Will在书面语中在书面语中,当条件从句有当条件从句有were,had,should时省略时省略if,把它们提至把它们提至句首句首,形成倒装句式。在含有建议、形成倒装句式。在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should+V，should可以省略。可以省略。7.-Letsgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.-_Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?(2004重庆重庆)A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,IdliketoD.Whynot?省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按
34、照省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整问话或答语的具体内容补充完整,做好做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有：英语中常见句式的省略有：1.Itis(that)强调句式中强调句式中that部部分省略。分省略。2.(Itis)Nowonder(难怪难怪)3.(Isthere)Anythingelse?4.(Youd)Betterdo5.havesomedifficulty(in)doing,preventsb.(from)doingsth.等词组中等词组中8.-Where
35、didyouseehimlastnight?-Itwasinthehotel_hestayed.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./补全强调句式补全强调句式that部分：部分：Itwasinthehotel（wherehestayed）thatIsawhimlastnight.hotel后为定语从句。后为定语从句。1.-WasMartinsorryforwhatheddone?-_.Itwasjustlikehim!(2007安徽安徽)A.Nevermind B.AllrightC.NotreallyD.Notsurprisingly2.-Wehavebookedaroomforto
36、dayandtomorrow.-_,sir.(2007全国全国)A.ImsureB.MypleasureC.ItsallrightD.Illcheck3.Weallknowthat,_,thesituationwillgetworse.(2007全国全国)A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith4.-Dad!Tomsbrokenaglass!(2007四川四川)-_.Accidentswillhappen.A.NowayB.Doesnt
37、matterC.NotroubleatallD.Dontmentionit5.IfJoeswifewontgototheparty,_.(2007全国全国)A.hewilleitherB.neitherwillheC.heneitherwill D.eitherhewill6.-Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?-Yes._,Imgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.(2008安徽安徽)A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible1.Shelikessin
38、gingandshelikesdancing.2.Isthisthedriverthatyoutalkedaboutyesterday?3.ThemanwhoissittingbythewindowisMr.Smith.4.Hecouldnotdecidewhethertobuythecarornottobuythecar.5.Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.Changethesentencesintoellipticalsentences.Practice6.Youcandoitifyouwanttodoit.7.Myfatherplannedalltheseh
39、ousesandmyfatherbuiltallthesehouses.8.HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.9.Heworkedhardbuthisbrotherdidnotworkhard.10.Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper,grandpanoddedfromtimetotime.11.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.12.Thereferencebookswhichwereorderedlastmonthhaventarrivedyet.13.Wetestedthedepthofthewaterandthetemperatureofthewater.14.Althoughheisverybusy,hewilldoitforus.15.Youmayleaveifyouwishtoleave.同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
