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1、GrammarGrammar Read the sentences and underline the v-ed forms.1. Encouraged greatly, they worked even harder.2. Given better attention, these flowers could have grown better.Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words given in brackets.1) Spoken by fewer and fewer people these days, the Naxi la
2、nguage may disappear in the future. (because) Because it is spoken by fewer and fewer people these days, the Naxi language may disappear.2) Seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny streets. (when) When it is seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little
3、bridges and tiny streets. 3) Passed from father to son, the music has not changed for many years. (because) Because it is passed from father to son, the music has not changed for many years.Summary: the functions of v-ed form as adverbials.过去分词过去分词(past participles) 或过去分或过去分词短语词短语(past participial p
4、hrases) 作作状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表状语是英语中常见的语言现象，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。伴随情况等。 (1) 作时间状语。如：作时间状语。如：Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。Heated, liquids can be changed into gases. 液体被加热会变成气体。液体被加热会变成气体。 如如: Discussed many times, the proble
5、ms were settled at last. 在讨论了多次之后在讨论了多次之后, 问题终于解决了。问题终于解决了。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。 相当于相当于when引导的状语从句引导的状语从句.如果两个动作如果两个动作同时发生同时发生, 可在分词前用可在分词前用when, while等使其等使其时间意义更明确时间意义更明确水加热到水加热到100度就沸腾。度就沸腾。 (when it is)1. Water boils, heated to 100C.2. When
6、 shot in the leg, he continued to fire back with his gun.(he was)当他的腿被击中时他仍然用枪还击当他的腿被击中时他仍然用枪还击。(2) 作原因状语。如作原因状语。如:Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。在农场再呆两天。Brought up in the countrysid
7、e, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大由于在农村出生并长大, 他对生物很感兴趣。他对生物很感兴趣。 相当于相当于as, since, because引导的从句引导的从句, 这类状语这类状语多放在句子前半部分。多放在句子前半部分。因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。(As/Because it has been) (Because he was)由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到。由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到。1. _ Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is
8、 nowhere to be found.2. Bitten by the snake, the man was in danger.(3) 作条件状语。如：作条件状语。如：Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长这些种子能长得很快。得很快。相当于相当于if, unless引导的从句引导的从句。1。_Punished by the parents
9、, he wont come again.(If he is)他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。2. _ Given more time and money, we would have done the work better.如果当时给更多的时间和金钱，我们会做得更好如果当时给更多的时间和金钱，我们会做得更好。If we had been(4) 作让步状语。如：作让步状语。如：Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑尽管被许多人嘲笑, 他还是继续他的研究。他还是继续他的研究。
10、Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged. 相当于相当于though, although引导的从句。引导的从句。1. Tired, he went on working. (Although he was) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。2. _Laughed at by other boys, he still continued to complete it.尽管遭到其他男孩的嘲笑，他仍然坚持完成尽管遭到其他男孩的嘲笑，他仍然坚持完成了那件事。了那件事。(Although he
11、was )(5) 表方式或伴随情况。如：表方式或伴随情况。如： Followed by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. 被一些官员跟随着被一些官员跟随着, 拿破仑视察了他的军队。拿破仑视察了他的军队。He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里他静静地站在那里, 被感动得热泪盈眶。被感动得热泪盈眶。作状语表示方式或伴随情况时作状语表示方式或伴随情况时,过去分词过去分词可用并列句代替，可用并列句代替，如如:The hunter left his house, followed by h
12、is dog. (= He was followed by the dog.) 2. _Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep.(He was) 她走出房间，后面跟着他的小女儿。她走出房间，后面跟着他的小女儿。1.She walked out of the house, _followed by her little daughter.他专心于工作，废寝忘食。他专心于工作，废寝忘食。( and she was )and注意注意(1) 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语须与过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语保持一致，它们之间存句子的主语保
13、持一致，它们之间存在着被动关系。如：在着被动关系。如：Given better attention, the trees could grow better. 若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。得更好些。(2) 有时有时, 为了明确时间、条件、让步或为了明确时间、条件、让步或原因等原因等, 分词前面可加连词分词前面可加连词when, if, unless, once, although等。如：等。如：Sugar, when mixed with water, dissolves quickly. 糖与水混合很快就溶解。糖与水混合很快就溶解。Although
14、tired, I must go on working.我虽然累了，但必须继续干。我虽然累了，但必须继续干。(3) 如果分词的逻辑主语与所修饰的句子的主如果分词的逻辑主语与所修饰的句子的主语不一致，而有自己的逻辑主语，这种结语不一致，而有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构构称为独立主格结构(the absolute construction)。即：即：逻辑主语逻辑主语+ done.+ done.如：如： The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了考试结束了, 我们开始放假。我们开始放假。More time given, we should
15、 have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。Practice1. _by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 提示：根据提示：根据by 可以判断要用被动形式。可以判断要用被动形式。答案：答案：B2. _who she was, she sa
16、id she was Mr. Johnsons friend.A. AskingB. AskedC. To be askedD. When asking提示提示:分词短语作状语分词短语作状语,因为因为ask与句子的主与句子的主语语(she)之间有被动关系之间有被动关系,所以用过去分词。所以用过去分词。答案：答案：B3. The dog, _,will be made a good watchdog.A. to train properlyB. being trained properly C. properly to trainD. trained properly提示提示:过去分词短语作条件
17、状语，相当于过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。看门狗。答案：答案：D4. My cousin came to see me from the country, _me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. broughtB. bringingC. had been brought D. had brought提示提示:动词动词ing短语形式作状语，表示主动，短语形式作状语，表示主动，即表示句子的主语所做的事。根据句意可判即表示句子的主语所做的事。根据句意可判断我的表兄弟给我带来了一满篮子水果，所
18、断我的表兄弟给我带来了一满篮子水果，所以要用动词以要用动词ing形式作状语。形式作状语。答案：答案：B5. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.A. objected to having B. were objected to have C. objected to have D. were objected to having提示提示:object to doing sth.是固定搭配，其中是固定搭配，其中to为介词，意思是为介词，意思是“反对反对(做做)
19、”。句意：。句意：比赛取消了，因为大多数人反对在没有标准比赛取消了，因为大多数人反对在没有标准球场的情况下举行比赛。球场的情况下举行比赛。 答案：答案：A6. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.written B. to be written C. being written 答案：答案： A用过去分词用过去分词 written 作后置定语表示被动意作后置定语表示被动意义，而且表示该动作已经完成。义，而且表示该动作已经完成。 7. Mo
20、st of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 答案：答案： A invited 表示表示“已经被邀请来的已经被邀请来的”， invited to the party 是过去分词短语作定是过去分词短语作定语，修饰语，修饰 the people 。 8. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A.are bought
21、B. bought C. been bought D. buying 答案：答案： B过去分词短语作定语表示被动意义。过去分词短语作定语表示被动意义。 A 项为谓语形式，项为谓语形式， C 项是不正规的分词项是不正规的分词形式，形式， D 项表示主动意义。项表示主动意义。 9. The old man walked in the street, _. A.followed by his son B.followed his son C. and following his son D. and followed by his son 答案：答案： A 因为因为 the old man 与与 f
22、ollow 之间是被动关之间是被动关系，而系，而 followed 表示的动作是由表示的动作是由 by 后面后面的的 his son 完成的，所以答案为完成的，所以答案为 A 。 10. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A.Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 答案：答案： C过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。“ Founded in 1636, ”可转换为可转换为“ A
23、s Harvard was founded in 1636, ” 11. Because of my _ English, I cant make myself _. A. broken; understand B. broken; understood C. break; understood D. breaking; understanding 答案：答案： B第一个空填第一个空填 broken 作定语，修饰作定语，修饰 English ，第二个空填，第二个空填 understood ，作，作宾语宾语 myself 的补足语，表示被动意义。的补足语，表示被动意义。 12. All thin
24、gs _，the plan trip will have to be called off Abe considered Bconsidered Cconsidering Dhaving considering答案：答案： B13. _, the bus started at once. A. the signal was given B. the signal giving C. the signal given D. when the signal given答案：答案： C14. _, i had to buy a new one. A. my dictionary losing B.
25、my dictionary having been lost C. my dictionary had been lost D. because my dictionary lost答案：答案： B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.know give invite lose visit 1 When _in spring, the hills are covered with flowers.2 _as one of the loveliest places in China, Yunnan is now visited by many tourists.3. _in the tiny streets, we decided to ask for help.4._into a Naxi home, you should accept with pleasure.5. If _something you dont want to eat, just refuse politely.visitedknownLost Invited given
