纺织贸易实务课件

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1、Chapter 6Payment of GoodsIn International Trade, the most frequently used In International Trade, the most frequently used meansmeans(工具)(工具) of paymentof payment include include currenciescurrencies(货币)(货币), , bill of bill of exchange (draft)(exchange (draft)(汇票汇票), ), promissory notepromissory not

2、e(本票)(本票) and and checkcheck(支票)(支票). .In International Trade, In International Trade, the the methodsmethods(方式)(方式) of of settlementsettlement are are remittanceremittance(汇付)(汇付), , collectioncollection(托收)(托收) and and letter of creditletter of credit(信用证)(信用证). . 6.1 Means of payment6.1.1 Bill o

3、f Exchange / Draft (6.1.1 Bill of Exchange / Draft (汇票汇票) )n nDefinitionDefinition:A Bill of Exchange, also called Draft, is defined as “an A Bill of Exchange, also called Draft, is defined as “an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to unconditional order in writing, addressed by

4、 one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand”, or at a fixed or whom it is addressed to pay on demand”, or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain i

5、n money, to, or to the determinable future time, a sum certain in money, to, or to the order of a specified person, or to a bearer.order of a specified person, or to a bearer.(汇票是一个人向(汇票是一个人向另一个人签发的,要求其在某个确定的时间,对某人或某另一个人签发的,要求其在某个确定的时间,对某人或某指定人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件书面支付命令。它指定人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件书面支付命令。它是贸易中最常用的结

6、算工具。)是贸易中最常用的结算工具。)nThe operation process of draft includes: The operation process of draft includes: to to drawdraw(出出票票):包包括括两两个个行行为为,一一是是制制作作汇汇票票,在在汇汇票票上上填填写写受受票票人人即即付付款款人人、付付款款金金额额、受受款款人人等等事事项项,并并签签名名;二是将汇票交给受款人。二是将汇票交给受款人。presentationpresentation(提提示示):指指受受款款人人或或持持票票人人(HolderHolder)将将汇汇票票提提交交付付

7、款款人人,请请求求其其付付款款或或承承兑兑的的行行为为。汇汇票票提提示示后后,付付款款人人见见票票,如如果果是是即即期期汇汇票票则则应应立立即即付付款款;如如是是远远期期汇汇票票,付付款人应办理承兑手续,并于汇票到期日付款。款人应办理承兑手续,并于汇票到期日付款。acceptanceacceptance(承承兑兑):指指付付款款人人承承诺诺对对远远期期汇汇票票承承担担到到期期付付款责任。款责任。paymentpayment(付款):指持票人提示后,或付款人承兑后,(付款):指持票人提示后,或付款人承兑后,立即或在汇票到期日支付票据金额。立即或在汇票到期日支付票据金额。endorsementen

8、dorsement(背背书书):指指汇汇票票的的持持票票人人(背背书书人人)将将收收款的权利转让给他人。款的权利转让给他人。recourserecourse(追追索索):如如果果付付款款人人拒拒绝绝付付款款或或拒拒绝绝承承兑兑,此此汇汇票票被被拒拒付付(dishonourdishonour)。此此时时持持票票人人可可以以有有权权向向其其前前手手直直至至出出票票人人进进行行追追索索。持持票票人人行行使使追追索索权权前前,应应该该取取得得拒拒绝证明、退票理由书和其他合法证明。绝证明、退票理由书和其他合法证明。nThe Parties of Bill of ExchangeThe Parties o

9、f Bill of ExchangeDrawer (Drawer (出票人出票人) :) :签发汇票的人,在进出口贸易中通常签发汇票的人,在进出口贸易中通常是出口商或其委托的银行。是出口商或其委托的银行。DraweeDrawee(受票人)(受票人): :即付款人(即付款人(payerpayer),是接受支付命),是接受支付命令应付款的人,通常是进口商或其指定的银行。令应付款的人,通常是进口商或其指定的银行。PayeePayee(受款人)(受款人): :即受益人(即受益人(beneficiarybeneficiary), ,指领受汇票指领受汇票所规定金额的人,可以是出票本人,也可以是其指定的所规

10、定金额的人,可以是出票本人,也可以是其指定的银行,或是第三人。银行,或是第三人。nClassification of Bill of ExchangeBanks DraftBanks Draft( (银行汇票银行汇票):):出票人是银行,付款人也是银行。出票人是银行,付款人也是银行。Commercial DraftCommercial Draft( (商业汇票商业汇票):):出票人是企业或个人,付款出票人是企业或个人,付款人可以是企业、个人或银行。人可以是企业、个人或银行。 Clean DraftClean Draft( (光票光票):):指不附带商业单据的汇票。银行汇票指不附带商业单据的汇票

11、。银行汇票多是光票。多是光票。Documentary Draft Documentary Draft (跟单汇票)跟单汇票): :指附有包括运输单据在指附有包括运输单据在内的商业单据的汇票。跟单汇票多是商业汇票。内的商业单据的汇票。跟单汇票多是商业汇票。按付款日期不同,汇票可分为按付款日期不同,汇票可分为即期汇票即期汇票和和远期汇票远期汇票。汇票上付款日期有四种记载方式:汇票上付款日期有四种记载方式:(1)at sight(1)at sight(见票即付)(2)At.days after sight(2)At.days after sight(见票后若干天付款) At.days after d

12、ate At.days after date(出票后若干天付款) at a fixed day at a fixed day(定日付款)若汇票上未记载付款日期,则视作见票即付。见票即付的汇票为即期汇票。其他三种记载方式为远期汇票。 按承兑人的不同,汇票只可分成按承兑人的不同,汇票只可分成商业承兑汇票商业承兑汇票和和银行承兑汇票银行承兑汇票。Commercial acceptance bill: Commercial acceptance bill: 远期的商业汇票,经企业或远期的商业汇票,经企业或个人承兑后,称为商业承兑汇票。个人承兑后,称为商业承兑汇票。Bankers acceptance

13、bill: Bankers acceptance bill: 远期的商业汇票,经银行承兑后,远期的商业汇票,经银行承兑后,称为银行承兑汇票。银行承兑后成为该汇票的主债务人,称为银行承兑汇票。银行承兑后成为该汇票的主债务人,所以银行承兑汇票是一种银行信用。所以银行承兑汇票是一种银行信用。 6.1.2 Promissory Note (本票) nDefinitionDefinition: A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another, signed by the make

14、r, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money, to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer.(指出票人签发的以自己为付款人于见票日或指定到期日向受款人或其指定人或持票人无条件支付一定金额的书面承诺。)进出口贸易中一般由企业或个人出票所签发的本票,称为商业本票。本票的出票人即为票据的当然主债务人,无需承兑。6.1.3 Check (支票)n n Definition Definition

15、:a check is an unconditional order in writing a check is an unconditional order in writing addressed by the customer (the drawer) to a bank (the addressed by the customer (the drawer) to a bank (the draweedrawee) signed by that customer authorizing the bank to pay ) signed by that customer authorizi

16、ng the bank to pay on demand a specified sum of money to or to the order of a on demand a specified sum of money to or to the order of a named person or to bearer (the payeenamed person or to bearer (the payee). (). (支票是银行存款户对支票是银行存款户对银行签发的,以银行为付款人,向某人或其指定人或持票人见票即银行签发的,以银行为付款人,向某人或其指定人或持票人见票即付一定金额的无

17、条件书面支付命令。付一定金额的无条件书面支付命令。) )支票的出票人必须保证在付款银行有存款,且不少于票面金额。支支票的出票人必须保证在付款银行有存款,且不少于票面金额。支票是以银行为付款人的即期汇票,可以看作汇票的特例。票是以银行为付款人的即期汇票,可以看作汇票的特例。n n Classification of checkCrossed checkCrossed check( (划线支票划线支票):):是在支票正面划两道平行线的支票。划线支票与一般支票是在支票正面划两道平行线的支票。划线支票与一般支票不同,划线支票非由银行不得领取票款,故只能委托银行代收票款入帐。使用划线不同,划线支票非由银

18、行不得领取票款,故只能委托银行代收票款入帐。使用划线支票的目的是为了在支票遗失或被人冒领时,还有可能通过银行代收的线索追回票支票的目的是为了在支票遗失或被人冒领时,还有可能通过银行代收的线索追回票款。款。 Certified checkCertified check( (保付支票保付支票):):是指为了避免出票人开出空头支票,保证支票提示时付款,是指为了避免出票人开出空头支票,保证支票提示时付款,支票的收款人或持票人可要求银行对支票支票的收款人或持票人可要求银行对支票“保付保付”。保付是由付款银行在支票上加。保付是由付款银行在支票上加盖盖“保付保付”戳记,以表明在支票提示时一定付款。支票一经保

19、付,付款责任即由银戳记,以表明在支票提示时一定付款。支票一经保付,付款责任即由银行承担。出票人、背书人都可免于追索。付款银行对支票保付后,即将票款从出票行承担。出票人、背书人都可免于追索。付款银行对支票保付后,即将票款从出票人的帐户转人一个专户,以备付款。人的帐户转人一个专户,以备付款。 Bankers checkBankers check( (银行支票银行支票):):是由银行签发,并由银行付款的支票,也是银行即期汇票。是由银行签发,并由银行付款的支票,也是银行即期汇票。银行代顾客办理票汇汇款时,可以开立银行支票。银行代顾客办理票汇汇款时,可以开立银行支票。Check payable to o

20、rder(Check payable to order(记名支票记名支票): ):是在支票的收款人一栏,写明收款人姓名,如是在支票的收款人一栏,写明收款人姓名,如“ “限付人限付人”(Pay A Only)”(Pay A Only)或或“ “指定人指定人” ”(Pay A Order)(Pay A Order),取款时须由收款人签章,方可支,取款时须由收款人签章,方可支取。取。 Check payable to bearer(Check payable to bearer(不记名支票不记名支票): ):又称空白支票,支票上不记载收款人姓名,只又称空白支票,支票上不记载收款人姓名,只写写“ “付

21、来人付来人” ”(Pay bearer)(Pay bearer)。取款时持票人无须在支票背后签章,即可支取。取款时持票人无须在支票背后签章,即可支取。6.2 Methods of settlement6.2 Methods of settlementThe Models of Payment in International Trade RemittanceMail Transfer (M/T)Telegraphic Transfer (T/T)Demand Draft (D/D)CollectionDocument Against payment (D/P)D/P at SightD/P a

22、fter SightDocument Against Acceptance (D/A)Letter of Credit6.2.1 Remittance(汇付)Commercial Credit nRemittance: (指进口商或付款人委托一家银行,由这家银行通过其业务渠道,将款项交给收款人或出口商,即付款人通过银行将货款汇交收款人的结算方式。)n Four Parties involved: remitter(付款人) beneficiary/payee(收款人) remitting bank(汇出银行) paying bank(汇入银行)nRemittance is mainly use

23、d for payment in advance (预付货款) , an account sale (赊销) for small quantity of goods, commission, compensation(索赔款), etc. n n Types of RemittanceMail Transfer (MT)the buyer will hand over the payment of the goods to the remitting bank that will authorize its branch bank or correspondent bank in the co

24、untry of the beneficiary by mail to make payment to him. Telegraphic Transfer (TT)the buyer will hand over the payment of the goods to the remitting bank which will authorize its branch bank or correspondent bank in the country of the beneficiary by telegraphic means to made the payment to him. Mail

25、 transfer is cheap but time-consuming, while telegraphic transfer is more expensive but much faster.Demand Draft (DD)the buyer will come to the local bank to buy a bankers bill and then deliver it to the seller or beneficiary by mail. When the seller of beneficiary receives it, he will come to the b

26、ank designated by the bankers bill for cash.n n Procedure of RemittanceRemittanceRemittance6.2.2 Collect(托收)n nCollect: Collect: 托收指出口商完成货物装运后,开具以进口商为付款人托收指出口商完成货物装运后,开具以进口商为付款人的汇票,连同有关交易票据(如提单、发票和保险单等)委托当的汇票,连同有关交易票据(如提单、发票和保险单等)委托当地银行通过它的国外分支行或代理行向进口商收取货款的方式。地银行通过它的国外分支行或代理行向进口商收取货款的方式。nFour Parti

27、es involved: principal(委托人) payer(付款人) remitting bank(托收行/汇出行) paying bank(代收行)Commercial Creditn n Main types of collectionCollectionCollectionClean bill of collectionClean bill of collection( (光票托收光票托收) )DocumentaryDocumentaryCollectionCollection(跟单托收)(跟单托收) Document against acceptanceDocument aga

28、inst acceptance(D/A)(D/A)(承兑交单承兑交单) )Document against payment after sightDocument against payment after sight(D/P)(D/P)(远期付款交单远期付款交单) )Document against payment at sightDocument against payment at sight(D/P)(D/P)(即期付款交单即期付款交单) )(1 1)Clean bill collection:Clean bill collection: 指出口商在收取货款时,仅凭汇票,不随附指出口商

29、在收取货款时,仅凭汇票,不随附任何装运票据。任何装运票据。(2 2) Document against acceptanceDocument against acceptance(D/AD/A)(承兑交单):指出口人)(承兑交单):指出口人装运货物之后,开具装运货物之后,开具远期汇票连同装运单据远期汇票连同装运单据交给当地托收行,通过它交给当地托收行,通过它向进口商提示,由进口商承兑远期汇票之后,即可取得装运单据,提向进口商提示,由进口商承兑远期汇票之后,即可取得装运单据,提取货物,等到汇票到期日再付清货款。取货物,等到汇票到期日再付清货款。(3 3)Document against paym

30、ent Document against payment at sightat sight (D/P) (D/P)(即期付款交单):指(即期付款交单):指出口商装运后,开具出口商装运后,开具即其汇票,连同装运提单即其汇票,连同装运提单交给银行托收,进口商交给银行托收,进口商见票后须立即付款,付款后领取装运单据。银行只有在进口商付清货见票后须立即付款,付款后领取装运单据。银行只有在进口商付清货款,才可将装运单据交与进口商。即通常所说的款,才可将装运单据交与进口商。即通常所说的“ “一手交钱,一手交一手交钱,一手交单单” ”。(4 4)Document against payment Docume

31、nt against payment after sightafter sight (D/P) (D/P)(远期付款交单):(远期付款交单):指出口商装运后,开具指出口商装运后,开具远期汇票连同装运单据远期汇票连同装运单据交给当地托收行,通过交给当地托收行,通过它向进口商提示,由进口商承兑远期汇票后,即可取得装运单据,提它向进口商提示,由进口商承兑远期汇票后,即可取得装运单据,提取货物,等到汇票到期日再付清货款。取货物,等到汇票到期日再付清货款。Procedure of D/A Loads the Goods & Draws a time draftPaymentSends the Docum

32、entary BillPresents the Bill and Documents for Acceptance, after that, takes back the draft & gives the shipping documentsMakes Payment when time falls due. NotifyReturnProcedure of D/P after Sight Loads the Goods & Draws a time draftPaymentSends the Documentary BillPresents the Bill & Documents for

33、 Acceptance.Makes Payment when time falls due.Hands over the DocumentsNotifyReturnProcedure of D/P at SightLoads the Goods & Draws a time draftPaymentSends the Documentary BillPresents the Bill & DocumentsMakes PaymentHands over the DocumentsNotifyReturn6.2.3 Letter of Credit 6.2.3 Letter of Credit

34、n nL/CL/C:信用证是开证行根据开证申请人的请求和指示向受:信用证是开证行根据开证申请人的请求和指示向受益人开立的在一定金额和一定期限内凭规定的单据承诺付益人开立的在一定金额和一定期限内凭规定的单据承诺付款的书面文件。款的书面文件。nSix Parties involved: applicant(开证申请人) opening bank/issuing bank(开证银行) advising bank/notifying bank(通知银行) beneficiary(受益人) negotiating bank(议付银行) paying bank/drawee bank(付款银行)Bank

35、Creditn n Type of L/CType of L/C Documentary L/C (Documentary L/C (跟单信用证跟单信用证) ):受益人根据信用证的规定,在付款、:受益人根据信用证的规定,在付款、承兑和议付时除开具汇票以外,还要随附商业单据。国际贸易中使用承兑和议付时除开具汇票以外,还要随附商业单据。国际贸易中使用的信用证绝大多数为跟单信用证。的信用证绝大多数为跟单信用证。 Transferable L/CTransferable L/C(可转让信用证):(可转让信用证):可转让信用证是指信用证的受益可转让信用证是指信用证的受益人(第一受益人)可以要求信用证中特

36、别授权的银行,将该信用证全人(第一受益人)可以要求信用证中特别授权的银行,将该信用证全部或部分转让给一个或数个受益人(第二受益人)使用的信用证。部或部分转让给一个或数个受益人(第二受益人)使用的信用证。 Revolving L/CRevolving L/C(循环信用证):(循环信用证):一种信用证规定该信用证的使用方法一种信用证规定该信用证的使用方法是带有条款和条件,使其不许修改信用证,而能够更新或复活。这种是带有条款和条件,使其不许修改信用证,而能够更新或复活。这种信用证就是循环信用证。信用证就是循环信用证。 Reciprocal L/CReciprocal L/C(对开信用证):(对开信用

37、证):对开信用证是以交易双方互为开证申对开信用证是以交易双方互为开证申请人和受益人、金额大致相等的信用证。请人和受益人、金额大致相等的信用证。 Back to back L/CBack to back L/C(背对背信用证):(背对背信用证):背对背信用证是指一个信用证的背对背信用证是指一个信用证的受益人以这个信用证为保证要求一家银行开立以该银行为开证行,以受益人以这个信用证为保证要求一家银行开立以该银行为开证行,以这个受益人为申请人的一份新的信用证。也称转开信用证。这个受益人为申请人的一份新的信用证。也称转开信用证。 Acceptance L/CAcceptance L/C(承兑信用证):(

38、承兑信用证):信用证规定开证行对于受益人开立信用证规定开证行对于受益人开立以开证行自己为付款人或以其他银行为付款人的远期汇票,在审单无以开证行自己为付款人或以其他银行为付款人的远期汇票,在审单无误后,应承担承兑汇票并于到期日付款责任的信用证。误后,应承担承兑汇票并于到期日付款责任的信用证。 Negotiation L/CNegotiation L/C(议付信用证):(议付信用证):议付行议付或购买受益人在信用证议付行议付或购买受益人在信用证项下交来的汇票项下交来的汇票/ /单据,只要这些汇票、单据与信用证条款相符,就单据,只要这些汇票、单据与信用证条款相符,就将被开证行正当付款,这种信用证即为

39、议付信用证。将被开证行正当付款,这种信用证即为议付信用证。 Confirmed L/CConfirmed L/C(保兑信用证):(保兑信用证):一份信用证上除了有开证银行确定的一份信用证上除了有开证银行确定的付款保证外,还有另一家银行确定的付款保证,这样的信用证就是保付款保证外,还有另一家银行确定的付款保证,这样的信用证就是保兑信用证。保兑行对信用证所负担的责任与信用证开证行所负担的责兑信用证。保兑行对信用证所负担的责任与信用证开证行所负担的责任相当。任相当。 n nProcedure of L/CBuyer/ApplicantSeller/BeneficiaryIssuingBankAdvisingBank

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