2012新课标同步导学英语[外研·全国卷I]必修5课件:1-英汉对照

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1、 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American Englishthe British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol.As a tourist,you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York,or maybe you

2、will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American) 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishChips or French fries?But other words and expressions are not so well known.Americans use a flashlight,while for the British,its a torch.The British queue up;Americans stand in line.So

3、metimes the same word has a slightly different meaning,which can be confusing.Chips,for example,are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain;in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets.The British call these crisps.The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of

4、the Atlantic. 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishHave or have got?There are a few differences in grammar,too.The British say Have you got.?while Americans prefer Do you have.? An American might say My friend just arrived,but a British person would say My friend has just arrived.Preposition

5、s,too,can be different: compare on the team,on the weekend (American) with in the team,at the weekend (British)The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (Ill see you Monday;Write me soon!) 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishColour or color?The other two areas in whic

6、h the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.American spelling seems simpler:center,color and program instead of centre,colour and programme.Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.The accent,which is most similar to Br

7、itish English,can be heard on the East Coast of the US.When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishAfter all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between

8、them.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishTurn on the TVSome experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together.For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have

9、 developed steadily.Since the 1980s,with satellite TV and the Internet,it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch.This nonstop communication,the experts think,has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.But it has also led

10、 to lots of American words and structures passing into British English,so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishHowever,if you turn on CNN,the American TV network,you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with d

11、ifferent accentsAmerican, British, Australian, and even Spanish.One of the bestknown faces,Monita Rajpal,was born in Hong Kong,China,and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi,as well as English.This international dimension suggests that in the future,there are going to be many “Englishes”,not just tw

12、o main varieties.But the message is “Dont worry.” Users of English will all be able to understand each otherwherever they are. 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English词,词,词词,词,词英英式式英英语语和和美美式式英英语语在在很很多多方方面面都都有有所所不不同同。首首先先最最明明显显的的(obvious)是是在在词词汇汇方方面面。有有数数百百个个不不同同的的单单词词在在大大西西洋洋彼彼岸岸是是不不使使用用的的,或或者者

13、是是有有不不同同的的意意思思。其其中中有有些些单单词词是是熟熟悉悉的的美美国国人人在在freeways上上驾驾驶驶automobiles,给给automobiles加加gas;英英国国人人在在motorways上上驾驾驶驶cars,给给cars加加petrol。作作为为游游客客,在在伦伦敦敦你你要要乘乘坐坐underground,而而在在纽纽约约则则是是subway,或或者者你你更更愿愿乘乘坐坐taxi(英式英式)或者或者cab(美式美式)游览游览(get around)城市。城市。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishChips还是还是F

14、rench fries?但但是是其其他他一一些些单单词词和和表表达达方方式式没没有有这这么么广广泛泛地地为为人人所所知知。美美国国人人把把手手电电筒筒称称为为flashlight,而而英英国国人人叫叫它它torch。英英国国人人排排队队用用queue up,而而美美国国人人用用stand in line。有有时时,同同一一个个单单词词在在意意义义上上有有一一点点细细微微的的差差别别,这这会会让让人人感感到到很很困困惑惑(confusing)。比比如如chips这这个个词词在在英英国国是是油油炸炸的的薯薯条条,在在美美国国却却指指小小包包装装出出售售的的非非常常薄薄的的薯薯片片。英英国国人人把把

15、这这种种东东西西称称为为crisps。英英国国人人知知道道而而且且喜欢的薯条在大西洋对岸被称为喜欢的薯条在大西洋对岸被称为French fries。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishHave还是还是have got?在在语语法法上上,英英式式英英语语和和美美式式英英语语也也有有一一些些区区别别。英英国国人人说说Have you got.?而而美美国国人人却却更更喜喜欢欢说说Do you have.?美美国国人人可可能能会会说说My friend just arrived,但但是是英英国国人人会会说说My friend has just

16、arrived。 介介 词词 (preposition)的的 用用 法法 也也 有有 所所 不不 同同 : 比比 较较(compare)一一下下on the team,on the weekend(美美式式)和和in the team,at the weekend (英英式式)。英英国国人人用用介介词词的的地地方方美美国国人人有有时时候候可可能会省略能会省略(omit)(Ill see you Monday;Write me soon!) 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishColour还是还是color?另另外外两两个个(variety种

17、种类类)不不同同(differ)之之处处是是拼拼写写和和发发音音。美美式式英英语语的的拼拼写写好好像像更更简简单单一一些些:用用center,color和和program代代替替centre,colour和和programme。自自从从400年年前前第第一一批批移移民民(settler)的的到到来来,很很多多因因素素影影响响了了美美式式英英语语的的发发音音。在在美美国国东东海海岸岸能能够够听听到到跟跟英英式式英英语语非非常常接接近近(be similar to与与相相似似)的的口口音音。 当当爱爱尔尔兰兰作作家家萧萧伯伯纳纳讲讲那那句句名名言言(famous remark)“英英国国和和美美国

18、国是是被被同同一一种种语语言言分分开开的的两两个个国国家家”的的时时候候,他他显显然然想想到到了了它它们们的的差差别别。但但是是这这些些真真的的那那么么重重要要吗吗?不不管管怎怎么么说说,在在这这两两个个are two nations divided by a common language,he was obviously thinking about the differences.But are they really so important? 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English国国 度度 里里 , 语语 音音 也也 肯肯 定定

19、存存 在在 着着 许许 多多 音音 变变 (variation of pronunciation),正正如如英英美美两两国国语语音音存存在在音音变变是是一一样样的的。一一个个伦伦敦敦人人要要听听懂懂来来自自格格拉拉斯斯哥哥的的苏苏格格兰兰人人讲讲话话可可能能比比听听懂懂一一个个纽纽约约人更难人更难(more difficulty)。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English打开电视机打开电视机很很多多专专家家相相信信这这两两种种语语言言正正越越来来越越接接近近。一一个个多多世世纪纪以以来来,大大西西洋洋两两岸岸的的交交流流持持续续地地(stea

20、dily)发发展展。自自从从20世世纪纪80年年代代以以来来,随随着着卫卫星星电电视视(satellite TV)和和因因特特网网的的使使用用,只只要要轻轻轻轻打打开开开开关关(at the flick of a switch),就就可可能能听听到到英英式式英英语语和和美美式式英英语语。专专家家们们认认为为,这这种种不不间间断断的的交交流流使使英英国国人人和和美美国国人人相相互互理理解解起起来来更更加加容容易易。但但是是这这也也导导致致(lead to)许许多多美美式式英英语语单单词词和和结结构构(structure)融融入入英英式式英英语语,以以至至于于现现在在有有些些人人认认为为英英式式英

21、英语语将将会会消失。消失。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English然然而而,如如果果你你打打开开美美国国电电视视网网络络节节目目CNN,你你会会发发现现新新闻闻播播报报员员和和天天气气预预报报员员操操着着不不同同的的口口音音美美国国的的,英英国国的的,澳澳大大利利亚亚的的,甚甚至至西西班班牙牙口口音音的的。其其中中最最熟熟悉悉的的脸脸孔孔之之一一,慕慕妮妮塔塔让让治治派派出出生生于于中中国国香香港港,从从小小到到大大说说的的是是汉汉语语、旁旁遮遮普普语语和和英英语。语。这这种种国国际际性性的的广广泛泛使使用用表表明明,在在未未来来将将有有很很

22、多多种种英英语语,不不仅仅仅仅是是这这主主要要的的两两种种。但但是是,可可以以预预言言“不不用用担担心心。”英英语语的的使用者们都会彼此理解使用者们都会彼此理解无论在哪里。无论在哪里。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishFor Americans things are a little bit easier,thanks to the work of Noah Webster,a teacher who graduated from Yale Un

23、iversity in 1778.As a young man he had fought against the British in the American War of Independence,and he felt that written English in the newly independent United States should have a distinctive “American” look.So he began his work on American English.His first book,The Elementary Spelling Book

24、,suggested simplifying the spelling of English words.The book was extremely popular.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year,making it one of the most popular school books ever. 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American EnglishMany of the suggestions were quickly adopted.Center instead of c

25、entre,program instead of programme,and flavor instead of flavour.Others,however,such as removing silent letters like the s in island or the final e in examine,were not.Webster is best known for his American Dictionary of the English Language,which first appeared in 1828.It introduced lots of new Ame

26、rican words,with information about their pronunciation and use,and,of course,the new spelling.The British criticised the dictionary,but it quickly became a standard reference book in the States.Today,Websters dictionary is still the number one dictionary for American students. 工具工具工具工具Module 1 Briti

27、sh and American English简化拼写的人简化拼写的人在在英英语语里里单单词词的的拼拼写写不不总总是是代代表表单单词词的的发发音音。因因此此人人们们说说/raIt/raIt/但但是是拼拼写写为为right(combinations of letters),write,甚甚至至是是rite。字字母母组组合合(比比如如ough)可可能能有有许许多多种种方方式式的的发发音音。而而且且一一些些单词似乎是字母过多。单词似乎是字母过多。对对美美国国人人来来说说,事事情情(单单词词拼拼写写)稍稍微微简简单单些些,这这多多亏亏(thanks to)了了一一位位叫叫诺诺亚亚韦韦伯伯斯斯特特的的人

28、人,他他是是一一位位教教师师,于于1778年年毕毕业业于于耶耶鲁鲁大大学学。他他年年轻轻的的时时候候曾曾在在美美国国独独立立战战争争中中与与英英国国人人交交过过战战,并并且且认认为为在在刚刚独独立立的的美美国国,书书面面英英语语应应该该有有与与众众不不同同的的美美国人的特色国人的特色(distinctive “American” look)。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English因因此此他他开开始始从从事事他他的的美美式式英英语语的的工工作作。他他的的第第一一本本书书,初初级级拼拼写写书书,提提出出了了简简化化英英语语单单词词的的拼拼写写。

29、这这本本书书相相当当受受欢欢迎迎。到到19世世纪纪50年年代代为为止止,该该书书以以每每年年一一百百万万册册的的速速度度销销售售,成为有史以来最受欢迎的学习用书之一。成为有史以来最受欢迎的学习用书之一。其其中中许许多多建建议议很很快快被被采采纳纳。center代代替替了了centre,program代代替替了了programme,flavor代代替替了了flavour。然然而而其其他他的的都都没没有有采采纳纳,比比如如直直接接删删掉掉不不发发音音的的字字母母,像像island中中的的s或或examine中中最最后的后的e。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and Americ

30、an English韦伯斯特因为他编的韦伯斯特因为他编的美式英语词典美式英语词典而闻名,这本书最而闻名,这本书最初在初在1828年问世。书中介绍了许多新的美国单词,有其相关的年问世。书中介绍了许多新的美国单词,有其相关的发音和用法,当然也有新的拼写法。英国人批判发音和用法,当然也有新的拼写法。英国人批判(criticise)了这本了这本词典,但是在美国,它很快成为标准参考书词典,但是在美国,它很快成为标准参考书(standard reference book)。如今,韦伯斯特词典仍然是美国学生的首选词典。如今,韦伯斯特词典仍然是美国学生的首选词典。 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全 工具工具工具工具Module 1 British and American English同学们同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全来学校和回家的路上要注意安全

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