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1、$LetterToABstudent By LYY & LSM 2021/6/161$LetterToABStudentReadingReflectionPutyourgradeinperspectiveAcctuallyEnjoyyourcampuslifeTheauthorThetextcomprehensionThestructuralanalysis2021/6/162$AbouttheauthorYes,ImRobertOliphant!Im-AnAmericanprofessorAwriter,AcolumnistAndevenanexecutivedirector(常务董事)20
2、21/6/163$ In 1938, I graduated from Washington andJeffersonCollege.Abouttheauthor2021/6/164$ Later, I became an English professor at CaliforniaState University at Northridge, which is one of thenationslargestpublicuniversities.Abouttheauthor2021/6/165$Abouttheauthor Moreover , I was also a visiting
3、professor(客座教授) of EnglishandLinguistics(语言学)atStanfordUniversitywhereIhadstudiedmedievallexicography(中世纪词典学)andgotaPh.D.(博士学位).2021/6/166$AbouttheauthorAPianoforMrs.Cimino“OscarWildesEarnest:AChamberOperaforEightVoicesandChorus.”“KeynesianPedagogy:AnorthodoxyinSearchofaDustbin(1986)”；“StalkingtheSo
4、ftOption:SomeNotesonOverinflatedGradingStandards(1980)”；“TowardaTheoryofReadingSequence(1973)”andsoon.2021/6/167$LetterToABStudentReadingReflectionPutyourgradeinperspectiveAcctuallyEnjoyyourcampuslifeTheauthorThetextcomprehensionThestructuralanalysis2021/6/168$TextcomprehensionAdecent(得体的，正派的)grade(
5、inthepast).Itisconsideredthat“GentlemansC”asanaveragegrade(平均等级)isseriouslybehindthetimes(过时，落伍),todays“average”gradeisa“B”.Afewyearsago,the“GentlemansC”prevailed(流行，盛行)inuniversities.Gentlemansagreementn.君子协定Gentlemanshipn.绅士的身份、品格GentlemansC Paragraph12021/6/169$TextcomprehensionGradeDescription4-
6、pointEquivalent100-pointASuperior4.096-100A-Superior3.790-95B+Good3.387-89BGood3.083-86B-Good2.780-82 Paragraph1Americangradingsystem2021/6/1610$TextcomprehensionGradeDescription4-pointEquivalent100-pointC+Satisfactory2.377-79CSatisfactory2.073-76C-Satisfactory1.770-72DPoor1.065-69FFailure0.00-64 Pa
7、ragraph1Americangradingsystem2021/6/1611$TextcomprehensionZero-sumgame（零和游戏/博弈）：Asituationinwhichifonepersongainsanadvantageformit,someoneelseinvolvedinitmustsufferanequivalentdisadvantage.博弈论的英文名为gametheory，直译就是“游戏理论”。游戏者有输有赢，一方所赢正是另一方所输，游戏的总成绩永远是零。“零和游戏”之所以广受关注，主要是因为人们发现，在社会的方方面面都有与“零和游戏”类似的局面，胜利者
8、的光荣后面往往隐藏着失败者的辛酸和苦涩。Positivesumgame正和游戏(“双赢”或“多赢”)Negativesumgame负和游戏(没有赢家)Zero-sumgame Paragraph22021/6/1612$TextcomprehensionThephrasespecificallyrefersto“thesevendeadlysins”:pride,covetousness(贪婪),lust（色欲）,anger,gluttony（暴食）,envyandsloth（懒惰）.Eachofthesevendeadlysinshasanoppositeamongcorresponding
9、sevenholyvirtues.Inparallelordertothesins,thesevenholyvirtuesarehumanity,charity,chastity,patience,temperance,kindnessanddiligence.Deadlysins Paragraph22021/6/1613$Textcomprehension Paragraph2YouvegrownupinasocietywherewinningisnotthemostimportantthingitstheonlythingParaphrase:Winningisofprimaryimpo
10、rtance;nothingcouldbemoreimportantthanwinning.胜利不是最重要的，而是唯一重要的。2021/6/1614$Textcomprehension Paragraph2YouvegrownupinasocietywherewinningisnotthemostimportantthingitstheonlythingExplanation:Thisisaspecialtypeofnegation.Theauthorisnotnegatingtheimportanceofwinning;rather,withthesentencethatfollowsthe
11、negativeone,theauthorgivestheutmostemphasistotheimportanceofwinning.2021/6/1615$Textcomprehension Paragraph2Tolose,tofail,togounder,togobrokeinthefuture.Paraphrase:Beingunsuccessfulinoneslifeandcareerandfinanciallydisadvantagedisregardedasshamefulorevensinfulbecauseinthisworldpeopletendtothinkthaton
12、lythosewhoaresuccessfulnowcanbesavedfromevilinthefuture.失利失败，倾家荡产是很可怕的过错，因为在当今世界，人们认为眼下的兴隆发达预示着将来必能从困境中脱身。2021/6/1616$Textcomprehension Paragraph3putsthinperspectivetakesthatfacevalueExplanation:putsthinperspective:tojudgetherealimportanceofsthbyconsideringitinrelationtootherthings正确对待takesthatfacev
13、alue:toacceptsthforwhatitappearstobe从表面上看2021/6/1617$Textcomprehension Paragraph4Lackingmoreprecisemeassurementtools,wemustinterpretyourBmasteryofthesubject.没有更为精准的测量工具，我们至多只能把你的成绩当做一个相对模糊的标记，它仅代表着你对这门学科的掌握程度，只是一个值得质疑的评价。Itmeansthatwecantfindmoreexactwaystoassessyourgrade.SoyourBjustshowshowwellyoub
14、ehaveinthissubject,notsoclearly.Paraphrase:2021/6/1618$Textcomprehension Paragraph5Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevalued.Explanation:Certainly,itissoeasytotranslate,butalsosohardtodo.Weputithere,justbecauseitseemslikeamotto,right?Wisheveryoneherecantryhimselfassaidinthesentenseand
15、thenbevalued.2021/6/1619$Textcomprehension Paragraph5YourBisapricetagonagarmentthatisquiteseparatefromtheliving,breathinghumanbeingunderneath.Explanation:Yes,thisisametaphor(隐喻).Asyoucansee,theauthormake“apricetag”ametaphorfor“yourB”.Youknow,priceisnotalwayscorrespondtovalue.Andthereisacontrast,too.
16、你的B成绩就如外套上的价格标签，它的价值与你于其下作为一个活生生的人的价值是完全没有关联的，没可比性的。2021/6/1620$Textcomprehension Paragraph6getoutoftheserviceLookatthenotesinpage126;refertoitandthereisnothingmoretotell.2021/6/1621$Textcomprehension Paragraph6Thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeing.Explanation:Youknowwhat,Ilikethiskindofsente
17、nces-Actually,itsnotlikeasentence,rather,itslikeaphrase,orsomekeywords.Putitinthebeginningofyourparagraph,Iguessyourcompositionwillbecool！Ofcourse,Imnotsureiftheteatherwillgiveyoupoints2021/6/1622$Textcomprehension重视，强调，特别注意makeapointofdoingsth坚持做某件事Example：Gouptothemafterclass,ormakeapointofdroppin
18、ginduringofficehours.课下或者在办公时间内，只要花一点心思，你就能做的到。makeapointof Paragraph72021/6/1623$TextcomprehensionGI(pl.GIsorGIs)isanAmericansoldier,especiallyanenlistedone(现役军人).GI-BillortheGI-BillofRightsisthepopularnamefortheServicemensReadjustmentActof1944,whichprovidedUSWorldWarIIveteranswithspecialassistance
19、.1944年，退伍军人权利法案(ServicemensReadjustmentAct，或GIBill“大兵法案”)出台。根据这一法案，政府资助二次大战的退伍军人接受大学教育，旨在帮助退伍军人更好地适应平民生活。此外，政府还为退伍军人提供医疗,卫生,住房等方面的优惠政策。这些军人学生就称为GI-Billstudents。GI-Billstudents Paragraph72021/6/1624$Textcomprehension Paragraph7那些学生只是在不久以前脱下军装，变成普通人。他们曾经是下士、中士、轰炸机驾驶员、中尉、上尉、指挥官、少校或者中校.menwhohadbutrecen
20、tlyputawaytheiruniformsandidentitiesevenalieutenantcolonel.2021/6/1625$Textcomprehension Paragraph7.menwhohadbutrecentlyputawaytheiruniformsandidentitiesevenalieutenantcolonel.Explanation:Here“menwhohad.andidentities”referstoformerGIs,who,liketheauthorhimself,hadtakenofftheirarmyuniformsandchangedth
21、eiridentitiesfromservicementocivilians.Manyofthesemenhadbeenofficersofvariousranks.2021/6/1626$Textcomprehension将军 general 上尉 captain中将 lieutenant 中尉 1st lieutenant少将 major general 少尉 2nd lieutenant准将 brigadier 上士 1st sergeant上校 colonel 中士 sergeant中校 lieutenant colonel 下士 corporal少校 major 列兵 private
22、Militaryrank（军衔）2021/6/1627$Textcomprehension Paragraph7Theyenjoyedhiscompanygreatly,ashetheirs.Explanation:Well,payattentiontothepinkpart.Wereadit,andweknowit,butwejustdontwriteit.Idontlikecomplexsentencesandgarmmars,nomatterinreadingorwriting.Makeyourremarksconcise;thatsmyopinion.2021/6/1628$Textc
23、omprehension Paragraph7Ahardtest.Atestonwhichheusuallyflunkedabouthalfofthem.Explanation:终于知道“挂科”怎么写了吧挂别人，是flunkhim，被人挂呢？2021/6/1629$Textcomprehension Paragraph8.shiftingsuddenlyfromafriendlygeartoacoerciveone.他突然从友善的样子变成严酷的模样儿。2021/6/1630$Textcomprehension Paragraph8Explanation:Theword“gear”origina
24、llymeansadeviceinavehiclewhichcontrolstherateatwhichtheenergybeingusedisconvertedintomotion(排挡).Inoursentence,theshiftingofgearreferstothechangeintheinstructorsmannerofdealingwithhisstudents.Whendrinkingwiththestudentsinthepub,hewaseasy-goingandfriendly;butintheclassroom,hebecamesternandsevere.2021/
25、6/1631$Textcomprehension Paragraph9Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,Warfare,sickness,disasterspublicandprivatethesearethelargercoordinatesoflife.尽管社会阶级和教育背景不同，但是人们都由相同的物质构成，被恐惧、快乐、痛苦、和成就这些人类共同的纽带联系在一起。承认这一点非常重要。战争、疾病、公共灾难、私人困难这些都是生活中的更大坐标集合。2021/6/1632$Textcomprehension Paragraph9Paraphrase:I
26、tisimportanttoseethefactthatalthoughtheydifferintheirclassstatusandeducationalbackground,humanbeingsareessentiallythesame.Firstofall,theyare,biologicallyspeaking,constructedinthesameway,andthentheyallsharethefeelingsoffearandjoy,andalsothecommonexperienceofsufferingandachieving.Thiscommonalityhasbou
27、ndthemtogether.Allofthemwillregardwars,diseases,anddisasters,bothprivateandpublic,asunfortunatebigeventsintheirlifetime.2021/6/1633$Textcomprehension Paragraph9Itisturethattheselabels,withtheresultandresponsibility.在这个如此复杂的社会的运行过程中，这些社会标签的确是必须的，因为它们能让我们知道怎样的人能被他人信任去做怎样的事，结果，我们就是靠这些东西来作区分的成绩、学位、等级与责任
28、等等。2021/6/1634$Textcomprehension相较于你毕业后将要面对的无数未知的道路，现在的学术工作仅仅是一条狭窄的被严格规划的公路。.academicworkisanarrowyouwillencounterafteryouleaveschool. Paragraph2021/6/1635$TextcomprehensionExplanation:Ametaphor(隐喻)again.Andacontrast,too.Thesentenceclearlyshowsuswestillhavealotofthingstolearnafterschool.Sowhatdeterm
29、inesyourfutureisnotjustyourtodaysBgrade,butyourattitudesandperformancestomorrowwhenmeetinguncertainties.academicworkisanarrowyouwillencounterafteryouleaveschool. Paragraph2021/6/1636$LetterToABStudentReadingReflectionPutyourgradeinperspectiveAcctuallyEnjoyyourcampuslifeTheauthorThetextcomprehensionT
30、hestructuralanalysis2021/6/1637$Structuralanalysis purposeofwriting:toputyourdisappointment in perspectiveby considering exactly whatyourgrademeansanddoesntmeanintroduction distinction between the studentas a performer in the classroomand the student as a humanbeing perspective:thewayweshouldregardg
31、radesParagraphs68Paragraphs25Paragraphs910Paragraph12021/6/1638$StructuralanalysisThetextisneatlystructured.Apartfromthefirstparagraph,whichintroducesthetopicofthelettertherestofthetextfallsclearlyintothreeparts.keyword:disappointmentMain idea: Grades do not meaneverything.Para252021/6/1639$Structur
32、alanalysisPara68Para910keyword:perspectiveMainidea:Inacomplexsocietylikeours,labels are necessary but theyshouldbekeptinperspective.key:thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeingMain idea: Getting a B in classdoes not mean one will alwaysbeaBperformerinlife.2021/6/1640$LetterToABStudentReadingRefl
33、ectionPutyourgradeinperspectiveAcctuallyEnjoyyourcampuslifeTheauthorThetextcomprehensionThestructuralanalysis2021/6/1641$Putyourgradeinperspective Wewillshowyouancompositionwrittenaboutthetextbysbd,asakindofrevieworsummaryorreflection.Skinitquickly.OK,letsgo!2021/6/1642$Putyourgradeinperspective The
34、 author tried to convince the students that grade does not mean everything and may not reflect the level of the students intelligence, yet he affirmed the importance of grade. How to evaluate grade is absolutely a hard core for education. In China, though we have been highlighting the importance of
35、education for all-round development(全面发展),it is still common that the teachers, as well as 2021/6/1643$Putyourgradeinperspective the students, tend to care more about grade.Besides, parents are forcing their children to gain higher scores, regardless of the fact that their kids are getting more and
36、more tired of this fierce battle. In order to achieve a “good” performance, the students get totally absorbed in study, which usually means their whole job is to recite, recite, and recite, crazily! Just like a reciting machine. Does this really make any sense? 2021/6/1644$Putyourgradeinperspective
37、Some parents hire tutors for their children. This is natural, and I can understand that they are for the benefits of their kids. But what drives me crazy is that they chased to study so hard that their entire schedule is full all the time; they are not available even for a minute. Grade is such a ma
38、gic spell（符咒）.2021/6/1645$Putyourgradeinperspective Those who graduate from grade-oriented（以成绩为重的） education, most of them, I should say, are bookworms; they kind of lack common sense and social skills. I think all of us should bear this in mindgrade is significant, which is a truth that I would not
39、 reject. However, it is not the only norm（标准，规范） that we use to value the students. Just like the author said, 2021/6/1646$Putyourgradeinperspective “your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your character. Courage, kindness, wisdom, good humorthese are the important char
40、acteristics of our species.” If we do not eliminate the wrong idea from the root, there will never come the day when the students are rightly assessed.2021/6/1647$LetterToABStudentReadingReflectionPutyourgradeinperspectiveAcctually。EnjoyyourcampuslifeTheauthorThetextcomprehensionThestructuralanalysi
41、s2021/6/1648$Actually You know,there are two facts.One is that,the competition is,indeed,extremely furious today.And another is,we are not so immature as the author imagine.Yes,we do care about grades,but I believe nobody of us is still a slave for it.We are motivated by scholarships, but we are als
42、o engaged in all kinds of activities . We spend time in libraries and self-study rooms, but we also celebrate festivals or birthdays in KTVsbulabulaActually, I believe most of us can find the balance of grade and fun in our precious campus life, RIGHT? 2021/6/1649$LetterToABStudentReadingReflectionP
43、utyourgradeinperspectiveAcctuallyEnjoyyourcampuslifeTheauthorThetextcomprehensionThestructuralanalysis2021/6/1650$Enjoyyourcampuslife! Iguessyouhavereadthetext2inthisunit,CollegePressuresEconomic,parental,peerandself-enduredpressures.Forgetaboutthem!Iwish,sincerely,allofyou:AhappyfaceandblueskyeverydayAtrueloveandpermanentfriendshipAcolorfulandamazingcampuslife 2021/6/1651$ By LYY & LSM Congraduations!Wefinallyfinishedthispart!2021/6/1652$ By LYY & LSM now,timeforwordsCominghiahiahia.2021/6/1653$Thanks! By LYY & LSM 2021/6/1654$ 结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！
