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1、学习必备欢迎下载阅读表达解题技巧句子翻译I. 命题特点要求考生在理解全句、全段或全文的基础上，把语法、词汇的意思和上下文结合起来理解，并译成通顺的句子。句子往往是结构较为复杂的或者包括一些特定习语的句子。该题型主要特点如下：难点：该考题读起来相对简单，难点在于汉语表达的准确性。重点：词义的选择及引申，对原文理解的深度和语言的准确表达。突出简单翻译技巧，如词、词组的省略及补译，译出it, they, this, that 等代词的真正代表的含义，词义选择、引申、词性转换，长句的拆分与逆序翻译法等。考生应针对这些特点认真做好适当的准备。设题形式：问题设置常用: Translate the unde
2、rlined sentence in the paragraph into Chinese.II. 答题技巧善于分析句子结构，变抽象英语为具体汉语通过分析句子的结构，把主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等分析出来，把长句变短句、从句变分句，结构上的难题往往迎刃而解。然后针对各成分，采用不同的译法翻译出来。表达抽象则要求考生吃透原文的意思，用具体的中文进行表达，这对考生往往具有更大的挑战性。例如： You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply.
3、 译文：用简短的话回复冗长的电子邮件完全不失礼节。/用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。total exhaustion 筋疲力尽farsightedness 远见卓识careful consideration 深思熟虑perfect harmony 水乳交融 feed on fancies 画饼充饥 with great eagerness 如饥似渴lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网wait with great anxiety 望穿秋水make a little contribution 添砖加瓦on the verge of destruction 危在
4、旦夕从上面的例子不难看出，英语表达往往比较抽象，汉语表达则比较具体。切忌逐字逐句一一对应的翻译，尽量进行意译，即是在忠于原文意思的基础上，符合中文的表达习惯，或者视情况直译和意译相结合。抓住重点的关键词句，要注意句首状语、副词、介词短语等，译文要通顺，合乎英语的习惯，书写要规范、认真。大部分考生在开始做翻译时就养成了一种坏习惯：一边读句子， 一边思考每一个单词分别是什么汉语意思。在没有完整理解英语句子的情况下，就直接做了“ 字字对等 ” 的翻译，或者，在读完之后，并没有理精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎
5、下载解句子，就马上在自己积累的词汇中找与看到的英语词对应的汉语来表达。如果碰到不认识的生词就束手无策。这样的译文，不仅扭曲了英语原文的意思，汉语句子本身也晦涩难懂。例如： Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. 译文：即使是最老道的作家也不可能描述出不同面孔的区别所在。既要忠实原文，又要符合汉语表达习惯根据汉语习惯，通过适当调整英语单词的意义顺序。如：后置定语可以翻译在其中心词前；定语从句如果易于表达、信息量不大可以
6、提到先行词前，如果信息量大，放在先行词前表达起来就很累赘，就可以考虑独立成一句话；表示时间、条件、原因等的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后来翻译。总之，在整个翻译的解题过程中，我们一定要注意分析、理清句子结构，在准确理解的基础上，用符合汉语语言习惯的句子来翻译，唯有这样才能做到“ 准确、通顺、完整” 。另外，要坚持长句短说的表达方法。例如：Researchers have established that when people are mentally, bio-chemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effe
7、ctively in cognitive (认知的 ) areas such as attention and memory. 译文：研究人员已证实，当人们动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化。这种变化可以使头脑在一些认知领域（如注意力、记忆力领域等）里更加有效地进行活动。掌握一词多义，灵活翻译英文意思，注意对陌生单词和短语结合上下文进行合理的猜测，注意词义的精选和引申。词典对词的定义和解释是死的，而实际运用中的语言是活的。从原文角度来说，这种活用是词义和用法的引申，翻译的时候要准确理解这种引申，译者就需要进行推理。例如：I am not quite sure of his having said
8、it. 我不能确定他是否说过这话。This is the surest guarantee that we shall be successful. 这是我们取得成功最可靠的保证。He made a sure step out of the mud.他从泥淖中跨出稳健的一步。She had a sure grasp of the subject.她对这门学科的知识掌握的很牢固。He is very sure in his beliefs. 他的信仰十分坚定。5 个 sure分别译成了 “ 确定 ” 、“ 可靠的 ” 、“ 稳健的 ” 、“ 牢固 ” 和“ 坚定 ” 。如果都译成大家熟悉的“ 确
9、信的 ” 、“ 肯定的 ” ，中文译文岂不成了天书？原文词义稍有引申，译文就要进行适当的推理。再例： In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor. 此句中“ land”根据上下文可以翻译为“国家”。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载适当的增词或减词。例如： While both groups did better than chance
10、 would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. 译文：尽管两组表现得比我们预料的要好，但是每组几乎一半参加者作出了两次或两次以上的错误选择。翻译下列句子：1. As we worked together, learning how to read built Marie s self-confidence, which encouraged her to continue in her studies. 当我们一起学习时，学习怎样识字建立了Ma
11、rie 的自信心，鼓励着她去继续努力。2. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might die out. 恐惧和痛苦因此成为两大卫士。没有他们，人类和动物就可能会灭亡。3. Make your notes more accurate by answering any questions you had when writing your notes in class. 你可以通过回答你在课堂上做笔记时遇到的疑难问题来使你的笔记更加准确无误。4. These problems have be
12、en getting worse, not better, so many people see no hope for the future of the city. 这些问题已经变得越来越糟糕了，而不是更好了，因此很多人对未来的城市不抱什么希望。5. If they are placed too near a house, the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming, and the plant dies. In the
13、southern United States and in 如果它们靠房子太近，来自房间的热量辐射会妨碍树叶的冷却，这样露珠就不会形成。6. Some think this may leave the child less able to interact well with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with brothers or sisters. 有人认为，这会使独生子女与同龄人交往的能力不如那些从小与兄弟姐妹一块长大的孩子。7. With the Spring Festival, people can
14、find back the warm, family atmosphere often seen in days gone by. 在春节，人们可以找回往日岁月常见的那种温馨和谐的家庭气氛。8. Researchers expect such attitudes make people more stressed on the job ，and stress as you know, can challenge your immune system研究者认为 ,这样的态度会使人们对工作感到更有压力，而你知道，压力会对你的免疫系统提出挑战。9. Around the country, conce
15、rns about limited budgets for public schools sometimes lead to objections to investing in green schools. 在全美国，对公立学校有限的预算的担心有时会让人们反对投资“绿色学校”。10. The newsreader tells the news in sign language with the words appearing on the screen. 播音员用手语播报新闻，同时有文字出现在屏幕上。11. To young people, the benefits of giving ou
16、t some personal information to reach out to friends outweigh the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载risks. 对年轻人来说，把一些个人信息发送给朋友所带来的好处胜过其(可能产生的 )危害。12. Before we practice gratitude, we are in the dark and there appears to be very little to be grateful for. 在感恩之前，我们不知道要感激什么
17、，似乎没有什么值得感激的。13. Traditional education fails to teach students the skills of problem solving, critical thinking and effective communication, which they need to succeed in the 21 st century 传统教育未能教给学生解决问题、批判性思维和有效交流的技能，这些是他们在二十一世纪要取得成功所必需的。14. Kindness is a quality that isn t often rewarded in our sc
18、hools, so we must make a strong effort to acknowledge it at home. 宽容是一种通常在学校里无法获得的素质，因此我们必须努力在家庭中培养这种素质. 15. At graduation your idea of a good friend was the person who was crying on the inside but managed the biggest smile one could give as they congratulated you. 在毕业时，你对好朋友认识/理解是这样的：他们是虽然内心痛苦，但在向你
19、祝贺时，总能尽力给你最灿烂微笑的人。16. Each day will bring with it new frontiers, in our homes and in our business, if we will only recognize them. 只要我们用心体会，每天都可能在家庭或事业中发现新的领域。17. The TV programme also shows what good exercise it can be to ballroom dance and what hard work is involved in learning the dances and perf
20、orming them properly. 这个电视节目也表明跳交谊舞是多么好的锻炼，同时也表明学习这种舞蹈并恰当地表现出来需要付出怎样的努力。18. However , if a generation of genetic monsters ( 转基因怪物 ) were created , it would show that the whole point of sport has been lost . 然而，如果一代转基因怪物被造出来，那将表明体育运动彻底失去了意义。19. Assuming that you plan to build a wooden jump rather tha
21、n just pack some earth together for a dirt jump, you will need lots of plywood(胶合板 ), which can be expensive to buy. 假如你计划建造一个木制的跳台，而不是把一些泥土简单堆积成一个泥制的跳台，你需要很多胶合板，这些胶合板是很昂贵的。20. It is not just your knowledge that determines your mark, the tools you use do as well. 不仅是你所学的知识来决定你的分数，在考试中你所用的工具也对你的分数有影响
22、。21. Some professors use lectures to discuss material not found in the reading on which they will base an exam. 有些教授在讲课时会讨论书中没有但却与考试有关的内容。22. Courage is keeping in the face of disappointment and looking at defeat not as an end but as a new beginning. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4
23、页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载勇气就是在面对失望时保持积极心态，不是把失败看作结束而是崭新的开始。23. Moreover, passengers who suffer during car journeys can cause stress and anxiety to the driver, who may therefore lose concentration and cause an accident. 而且，乘客们旅途中的不良反应能给司机带来压力和焦虑，司机可能因此注意力分散而导致交通事故。24. Given enough time, you ll score better and
24、 better on intelligence tests as you age. 只要给你足够的时间，你在智力测试中的分数会随着你的年纪的增长越来越好。25. In January 1998, he was selected out of more than 1,500 elite ( 优秀的 ) pilots as a member of the astronauts of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), together with Yang Liwei, Nie Haisheng and Zhai Zhigang. 他于 1998 年 1月，与杨利伟
25、、聂海胜、翟志刚一起从1500 名优秀的飞行员中胜出，成为了人民解放军宇航员。26. The Olympic Games are seen as the greatest test of an athletes ability and are supposed to celebrate the spirit of fair play. 奥运会被人们看作是对运动员能力的最大检验，也是对公平竞争的庆典。27. However, some interviewers might not appreciate the way you decorate yourself or possibly, the
26、positions you are applying for would require more reserved personalities, which, to some interviewers, can be revealed from your appearance. Therefore, the more discreet solution would be to 然而，有些面试者也许不欣赏你刻意“装饰”自己的方式，或者可能你所申请的岗位本来应该需要更加收敛的个性，这在一些面试者看来，可以通过你的外表反映出来。28. If you think about it, it is almost impossible to brush away dirty things that hide your white teeth, with a brush that has worn out bristles ( 毛). 假如你思考一下，就会意识到使用刷毛损坏的牙刷，清除隐藏在洁白牙齿后的污垢几乎是不可能的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页
