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1、高考总复习一轮用书英 语选修8Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe课程解读课程解读话题The Conquest of the Universe(征服宇宙）语法Review of noun clauses(复习名词性从句）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的2.witness v.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历3.burst v.爆炸4.view v.看，观察5.acknowledge v.承认；认为6.random adj.任意的；随机的7.defeat n.失败8.accuse v.指责9.swear v.起誓
2、保证10.latter n.(刚提及的两个人或物之中的）后一个，第二个11.division n.部分12.foresee v.预知；预见13.aid n.帮助14.broad adj.丰富的；广泛的15.sympathy n.同情；同情心16.consistent adj.一致的；吻合的17.dignity n.尊贵；尊严18.acute adj.剧烈的；激烈的19.stable adj.稳定的；安定的20.supreme adj.最高超的；最优的21.consult v.咨询；请教22.accustomed adj.习惯的accustom v.习惯23.assume v.假定，假设assu
3、med adj.假设的assumption n.假设24.patience n.耐心patient n.&adj.病人&有耐心的，忍耐的25.devotion n.忠诚devote v.奉献课程解读课程解读重点短语1.become accustomed to习惯于2.at the very beginning of在一开始的时候3.accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.指责某人（做）某事4.be consistent with和一致5.pray for祈祷，祈求6.set in motion使某事开始7.in spite of不管8.a series of一系列的；一连串的e
4、 to ones aid来帮某人10.make it成功；及时到达，赶上重点句型1.and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.绿色可能是水和冷冻气体的混合物。2.little did he know what impact he was going to make.他根本不知道他将要造成多大影响。3.Incredible as it may seem,both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapa
5、ble assumption that.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们作出一个设想知识要点知识要点要点一要点一 单词单词1.assume vt.假定（设）；承担；呈现假定（设）；承担；呈现归纳拓展(1)assume that假定，认为assume.to be.认为如何；假定如何assume the duty承担责任assuming that假定（作状语）(2)assumption n.假设on the assumption that假定；假设make an assumption that假定；认为知识要点知识要点例句：So we think it is re
6、asonable to assume that they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒就住在这些山洞里。We assumed the statement to be true.我们假定这种说法是真的。Assuming that/On the assumption that the proposal is accepted,when are we going to get the money?假定这个建议被采纳，我们何时能拿到钱？知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】We must _ him to be
7、innocent until he is proved guilty.A.pretendB.believeC.assumeD.think【解析解析】考查动词assume的用法。assume sb. to be.“假定某人”。句意为：我们必须假定他是清白的直到他被证明有罪。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点2.burst v.(burst、burst)（使（使)爆裂，（使）破裂；突然爆裂，（使）破裂；突然发作，冲，闯发作，冲，闯n.（强烈感情的）突然爆发；爆炸；破裂（强烈感情的）突然爆发；爆炸；破裂归纳拓展burst in突然闯进来；打断burst into突然闯入（住宅）；突然起来burst in
8、to tears/laughter/flames=burst out crying/laughing/burning突然哭/笑/燃烧起来burst forth突发；忽然出现知识要点知识要点例句：The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.飞机坠毁失火了。Reading the story,he burst into laughter/out laughing.读了那个故事，他大笑起来。The police burst in and looked around.那个警察闯入房间，向四周看了看。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】One minute sh
9、e burst into _ and the next burst out _ .A.crying;laughterB.tears;laughingC.tears;laughterD.crying;laughing 【解析解析】考查burst into+n.=burst out+v.ing“突然起来”。句意为：前一分钟她突然大哭起来，后一分钟她又突然大笑起来。故正确答案答案为B。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点3.acknowledge vt.承认，告知（收到信件、礼物等）；承认，告知（收到信件、礼物等）；感谢感谢归纳拓展acknowledge n./pron./v.-ingthat从句sb./
10、sth.as/to be.It is universally acknowledged that.是大家所公认的acknowledge sb.向某人打招呼；对某人表示谢意acknowledge sb.s letter向某人表示信已收到知识要点知识要点例句：He never acknowledges his mistakes/that he has made mistakes.他从来不承认自己的错误。Having been asked many times,he acknowledged it to be the fact.经多次盘问，他承认那是事实。It is universally ackn
11、owledged that Taiwan is part of China.台湾是中国的一部分是大家所公认的。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】We _ receipt of your cable No.123 sent this morning concerning the sample.A.attributeB.knowledgeC.acknowledgeD.promise【解析解析】句意为：兹确认，今早我方已收到你方关于123号样品的电传。acknowledge“告知收到，确认”，符合题意。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点We _with a present for your timel
12、y aid when we were in trouble.A.attributedB.knowledgeC.acknowledgedD.promised【解析解析】句意为：我们送上一份礼物以感谢你们在我们困难时提供的及时援助。acknowledge“感谢”。本题缺少谓语，排除名词B项；A项“把归因于”；D项“许诺”，均不符合语境。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点4.swear vi.&vt.发誓，起誓，宣誓，咒骂发誓，起誓，宣誓，咒骂归纳拓展swear sth.against sb.宣誓承认（某一陈述）属实以反对某人swear by以名义起誓；深信swear sb.to do sth.使某人发
13、誓做某事swear to do sth./that-clause保证做某事swear at诅咒，咒骂例句：Rich tripped over the dog and swore at it.里奇被狗绊了一跤，就咒骂起它来。He has sworn to return the money he owed me.他发过誓会归还欠我的钱。I swore what I said was true.我发誓我所说的都是真的。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】When Johnson was suspected，he _ by his honour that he was innocent.A.curse
14、dB.swallowedC.arguedD.swore【解析解析】句意为：当约翰逊被当作嫌疑犯时，他以自己的名誉发誓自己是清白的。swear by“以名义起誓”。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点5.consult v.咨询，请教，磋商，会诊咨询，请教，磋商，会诊归纳拓展（1）consult sb./sth.about sth.（为获取资料，得到指点等）请教（别人），查阅（书）等consult with sb.与某人商量（事情）；与某人磋商consult a doctor about ones illness找医生看病consult reference books/the dictionary/a
15、 map翻阅参考书/查词典/查阅地图（2）consultant n.顾问consultation n.咨询，商讨，协商知识要点知识要点例句：I consulted a doctor about my headache.关于我的头痛病，我咨询过医生。I consulted the telephone book for his address.我查阅电话簿找他的住址。At last，the two sides consulted with each other to settle the problem.最终，双方协商解决那个问题。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The new workers
16、 can _ veteran workers about skill problems.A.consultantB.consultC.ask forD.require【解析解析】句意为：关于技术问题，新工人可以向老工人请教。consult sb. about sth.请教别人。A项意为“请教者，查阅者，顾问”，C项应用ask sb.about sth.，D项不合句意。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1.in spite of尽管，虽然尽管，虽然归纳拓展（1）in spite of后接n./pron./v.- ing形式，不接从句，同介词despite。（2）in spite
17、 of若其后加从句，需用the fact that引导，意为“不管这个事实”。（3）in spite of oneself不由自主地；身不由己地注意：in spite of=despite是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词作让步状语；although/ though/ as是从属连词，后跟句子作让步状语。知识要点知识要点例句：In spite of feeling tired,I decided to your aid.尽管我很累，我还是决定来帮你。The house will certainly sell, in spite of the fact that its overpriced.尽
18、管要价过高，那房子肯定将售出。In spite of the hot weather they still run in the playground.尽管天气很热，他们仍然在操场上跑步。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】_ the cold weather, the volunteers came to clean the street as usual.A.In spite ofB.ThoughC.AlthoughD.Regardless of【解析解析】句意为：尽管天气寒冷，志愿者们还是像往常一样来清扫街道。in spite of+n.“尽管”;though和although意为“尽管
19、，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，但是though不能置于句首，although只能跟句子；regardless of“不管，不顾”，与题意不符。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点2.become accustomed to习惯于习惯于归纳拓展(1)become/get accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(表动作)be accustomed to (doing) sth.=be used to (doing) sth.习惯于(表状态)(2)accustom vt.使习惯于，使适应accustom oneself/sb.to (doing) sth.使自己/某人习惯于；养成习惯知识
20、要点知识要点例句：Soon,he became/got accustomed to the hot weather in the south.很快，他就习惯南方炎热的天气了。Im accustomed to the school life here now.现在我习惯这儿的学校生活了。It took him a while to accustom himself to the idea.他过了一段时间才习惯这个想法。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Im not _ up so early yet,but I have to _ myself to it.Yeah.Just as the s
21、aying goes,“An early bird catches the worm.”A.used to getting;adoptB.accustomed to getting;accustomC.used to get;adaptD.accustomed to get;accustom【解析解析】空一考查be accustomed to doing和be used to doing的用法，意为“习惯于做”，故排除C、D两项；空二考查accustom oneself to sth.“使自己习惯于某事”，若A项中的adopt改为adapt也为正确答案，adapt oneself to“使某人
22、自己适应某事”，而adopt是“采纳，采取”之意。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点3.make it成功；及时到达，赶上；能参加成功；及时到达，赶上；能参加归纳拓展make it big大获成功make it through熬过，挺过make it to及时赶到make it+time就定为某时间吧；看表是时候make it up to sb.给某人补偿make it up with sb.和某人和解；和某人言归于好知识要点知识要点例句：If we run,we should make it.如果跑着去了的话，我们应该还能赶得上。Cheng Long has made it big in act
23、ion movies.成龙在动作电影上获得了极大的成功。Frank wondered how to make it through the hard days.弗兰克不知道如何熬过那些艰难的日子。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Im afraid you cant _ to the village in an hour;you must allow for the icy road.A.get itB.take itC.make itD.leave it 【解析解析】考查短语make it“到达，做到，成功”的用法。句意为：我担心你在一个小时之内到不了那个村庄；你必须考虑到路面滑。【答案答
24、案】C知识要点知识要点It is useless _ to persuade him to get rid of that habit.He cant make.A.trying;itB.to try;thatC.trying;thatD.in trying;it【解析解析】Its useless doing sth.是固定用法，“做某事是无用的”；空二考查固定短语make it“成功，做到”。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点三要点三 语法语法复习名词性从句复习名词性从句.1.若从句在句子中起名词的作用，我们称之为名词性从句，按其句法功能，名词性从句分为四大类：主语从句（在复合句中作主语）；
25、表语从句（在复合句中作表语）；宾语从句（在复合句中作宾语）；同位语从句（在复合句中作名词的同位语）。知识要点知识要点2.名词性从句的引导词：分类词形词义作从句的成分连接词that/whether (if)是否/连接代词who (ever)（无论）谁主格主、表、宾whom (ever)（无论）谁宾格宾which (ever)（无论）哪一个（些）主、宾、表、定what (ever)（无论）什么，东西主、宾、表、定连接副词when什么时间状where什么地方状how怎样，如何状why为什么状知识要点知识要点.1.that引导的名词性从句：（1）that引导名词性从句，在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接
26、作用。（2）that引导名词性从句时，只有在宾语从句中可以省略，在其他从句中一般不省略；但若动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的不能省略；that引导的从句如果作介词宾语，一般只用在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后。例句：My deskmate told me (that) he watched a football match last night,but that（不可省略）it was very discouraging.我的同桌告诉我昨天晚上他看了一场足球赛，但是这场足球赛很令人失望。知识要点知识要点2.whether/if引导的名词
27、性从句：（1）在主语从句中，从句置于句首时，必须用whether引导，置于句中时有时可以和if交换，但习惯上多用whether。例句：Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否来这里还不清楚。（2）在宾语从句中，whether和if一般可互换。注意在下列情况下whether不可用if代替：whether与or not连用时；whether从句作介词宾语时。（3）表语从句中，表“是否”讲，通常用whether引导，而不用if。知识要点知识要点3.当that/if/whether引导的名词性从句是由and或but连接的两个并列分句时，则在and或but后还需用tha
28、t/if/whether引导且不可省略。例句：No one knows whether it will be fine tomorrow and whether he will come to work.没有人知道明天是否会是个好天，他是否会来上班。4.当that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而把主语从句放到句子后面去。例句：It was natural that they should have different views.他们持有不同观点是很自然的。知识要点知识要点.wh-疑问引导词在名词性从句中都作成分1.It makes no difference where （地点
29、状语） we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。注意：wh-疑问从句作主语，常用it作形式主语。2.Ill give you whatever （宾语） you want.你想要什么我都给你。3.This is where （宾语） the problem lies.这就是问题所在。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】What was it that caused the party to be put off？_ the invitations.A.Tom delayed sendingB.Tom delayed to sendC.That Tom del
30、ayed sendingD.Tom delaying sending【解析解析】句意为：是什么导致派对延期呢？汤姆推迟发出邀请所致。答语的完整形式应为“That Tom delayed sending the invitations caused the party to be put off.”，that引导主语从句，delay后面要跟动名词作宾语。D项中Tom应改为Toms以构成动名词的复合结构，否则不能作主语。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点_ the flight to Shanghai will be delayed is _ Im especially worried about.A
31、.Whether；whatB.Whether；thatC.When；whatD.How；that【解析解析】句意为：去上海的航班是否会延误正是我所特别担心的事情。根据语境应用whether表示“是否”，而what引导的表语从句作is的表语，且what作worried about的宾语。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Can you make sure _ the gold ring？A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC.where Alice has putD.where has Alice put【解析解析】make sure后是宾语从句，从句
32、要用陈述语序，故排除B、D两项；put动作是发生在过去，而不是过去的过去，故排除A，答案为C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点People all across the country were praying _ it would not rain on August 8the day of Chinas biggest party.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether【解析解析】考查宾语从句。句意为：全国人民都祈求八月八日中国最大的盛会的日子，不要下雨。分析句子结构可知，此句不缺少成分且意义完整，故答案为A，that只起连接作用。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Its a rule in this library that the most interesting book will be given to _ comes first.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.no matter who【解析解析】选whoever，既作to的宾语，又作comes的主语。此题很容易误选A，如用anyone,其后必须加关系代词who构成定语从句。【答案答案】CThank you !同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
