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1、Math QuestionsIf he gives me a cookie, I will have twice as many as he. If I give him a cookie, we will have the same number of cookies. How many cookies do I have? How many cookies does he have? 代代词词代 词 概 说n n代词的分类（P82）n n代词 VS. 限定词（P83）Key to 1-17n n1 5BABABn n6 10ABBACn n11 15CDDAAn n16 17AD人称代词和
2、物主代词（书本）n n人称代词的形式（P84）n n物主代词的形式（P87）n n人称代词：主格 VS. 宾格n n物主代词：形容词型 VS.名词型n n人称代词的泛指：we, you, theyn n特殊的人称代词：she, it人称代词用法补充n n人称代词作同位语（pron. n.）n n两个以上的人称代词并用时：n n单数：按2、3、1人称排列n n复数：按1、2、3人称排列n n表示不祥之事、承认错误或自我批评时，说话人一般把自己放在他人之前n n人称代词在数、格上的前后一致uuIt is I that / who love you. uuIt is me that / whom h
3、e loves. It is wrong to tell a lie. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. It is uncertain who will come.l lShe found it difficult to convince him.l lI took it for granted that he knew me.it人称代词 it 的用法补充n n强调句型中的 itn n作形式主语的 itn nIt + v. + 其他 + n n作形式宾语的 itn n主语+ +it +其他+to dodoing从句take, findmake
4、, believethink, considerto dothatUse pronouns clearly!n nTom wrote to Joe while he was on vacation.n nWhile Tom was on vacation, he wrote to Joe.n nWhile Joe was on vacation, Tom wrote to him.He likes you better than me.He likes you better than I.He likes you better than (he likes) me.He likes you b
5、etter than I (like you). His house is larger than I.反身代词和相互代词n n反身代词的形式：P89n n相互代词：each other, one another反身代词的用法n n主语与宾语为同一人时，宾语须用反身代词n nDont overwork yourself.n n They ought to be ashamed of themselves.n n加强语气、表示强调n nI myself used to make the same mistake.n nYoud better go there yourselves.n n含有反身
6、代词的惯用语（PP90-91）n nI havent been myself for weeks. Now Im quite myself.含有反身代词的惯用语补充l lMake yourself at home, please.l lThe door opened of itself.（自动，自行）l lPoor Jane has been almost beside herself with toothache.（得要命、发狂）l lShe prides herself on knowing French. （= be proud of = take pride in）l lHe busi
7、ed himself (in) tidying up his desk.l lHe often absents himself from classes.l ldress oneself in, devote oneself to, apply oneself to, come to oneself .指 示 代 词n n指示代词的形式：n n第一类（课本P92）：this, that, these, thosen n第二类（其他指示代词）：so, such, the samen n第一类指示代词的基本用法：PP93-94第一类指示代词的其他用法（PP94-95）n nthat与those可用
8、以代替前面所提过的名词，以避免重复（但this和these不可以）；that和those后面一般必须有后置修饰语，但不可有前置修饰语。n n可数名词单数或不可数名词：thatn n可数名词复数：thosen nthat用于某些成语中（P95）第一类指示代词的其他用法n nthis与that可用以代替前面所提过的句子或从句，以避免重复n nI did not go. This / That made him very angry.n n但指下文要叙述的事情时只能用this，不能用thatn n. and that + 修饰语（adv.）：“，而且”n nCall him, and that at
9、 once.n nHe makes mistakes, and that very often.第一类指示代词的其他用法n nthis = the latter, that = the formern nHealth is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. (this = wealth; that = health)n nthose who = people whon nGod helps those who help themselves.第二类指示代词的用法l l- It looks like rain.-
10、I hope so.l lI may have offended, but such was not my intention.l lHis parents believed that he was a clever boy, but he wasnt such in fact.l lThe same might be said of this problem.在think, believe, suppose, guess, hope后的so，指代前面提过的that从句 (I dont think so. / I hope not.)指示代词such指代前面提过的短语或从句指示代词the sa
11、me指代与前面提过的同样的事物疑问代词和连接代词主格所有格宾格（人） 谁whowhosewhom人、物 （什么）whatwhat人、物 （哪一个）whichwhich格用法疑问代词和连接代词的用法 （PP96101）n nDo you know where he lives?n nI really dont know what to do.n nWhat do you suppose he will give you?n nWho do you think came to see me?连接代词用于从句中，注意词的顺序疑问词 不定式do you say (think, believe, ima
12、gine, guess, suppose .)关 系 代 词 格主格所有格宾格人whowhosewhom事物whichwhose (of which)which人物thatthat先行词限定性限定性 VS. 非限定性非限定性 (P104)n nHe has two sons who live in Beijing.n nHe has two sons, who live in Beijing.他有两个住在北京的儿子。他有两个住在北京的儿子。(He may have more than two sons.)他有两个儿子，都住在北京。他有两个儿子，都住在北京。(He has only two so
13、ns.)that vs. whichn nthat 不能用于非限定性定语从句不能用于非限定性定语从句n nwhich 用于非限定性定语从句中可代表句中的用于非限定性定语从句中可代表句中的一部分，甚至全部一部分，甚至全部 （对比：（对比：as）n n限定性从句中，多用限定性从句中，多用that，有些情况只能用，有些情况只能用thatn n先行词前有序数词或最高级修饰时先行词前有序数词或最高级修饰时n n先行词前有先行词前有 the only, the very, the same, all 等词修饰时等词修饰时n n先行词是由先行词是由no, any, every等词组成的复合词时等词组成的复合
14、词时n n以疑问词以疑问词who, which, what开头的疑问句，为开头的疑问句，为避免重复避免重复n n限定性从句中，紧跟介词时只能用限定性从句中，紧跟介词时只能用which (P104)不 定 代 词n n两类不定代词的形式（P107）n n合成不定代词的用法（PP107-109）合成不定代词用法补充n nsomething, anything, nothing, everythingn nsomething和anything的区别与some 和any的区别一样；修饰这几个词的adj.应后置n nsomebody, anybody, nobody, everybodyn n这些词都看
15、作单数，后面跟单数名词；指代它们的代词常用he, he/she, they (口语)n nIf anybody is listening, I hope he will say so.n nNobody came, didnt they?n n每个人都应在饭前洗手。n nsomeone, anyone, no one, everyonen n上述词只能指人，而分写的some one, any one, every one 既可指人，也可指物n n合写 VS. 分写n nsomebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody,
16、everyone之后不可接of短语，如果要接，必须将其分写n neveryone every one of usn nIs there any one of your friends there?合成不定代词的习惯用语n nsomething of 若干、多少、有些n nanything but 并不，根本不n nnothing but 只不过，只有n nsomething like 有点像n nor something 类似n nmake somebody of a name for . 使成名n nMr. Smith is an engineer or something.n nShe i
17、s nothing but a dancer.n nHe was anything but pleased when he heard this.兼作代词和限定词的词n nsome, any, no (PP109 111)n nmany, much, few, little (PP112 114)n nall, each, none (PP115 117)n nboth, either, neither (PP117 119)n nother, another (PP119 120)n none, several (PP121 122)every VS. eachn nevery 用于三个（以
18、上）“每一个”；each 用于两个（以上）“每一个”n neach hand VS. every fingern nevery 强调整体，each 强调个体。n nEvery student in our school works hard.n nEach student may have one book.n nevery 在句中只作定语，each 可充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。n nEvery / Each room is clean and tidy.n nEach went his way.n nThe teacher had a talk with each of them.n n
19、They each gave him some advice.n n当前面有 nearly 或 almost 修饰时，多用everyn nNearly every student works hard.n nevery 可以用于下列词组中，each 则不能n nevery other dayn nevery three weeksn n否定词 not 不与 each 连用，但可以与 every 连用，表示部分否定n nNot every student goes to school by bus.all / both; either / any; neither / none含义二者三者（以上
20、）全部bothall全无neithernone任一eitheranyall VS. bothn nall 既可指复数，也可指单数，指人时一般都用复数，指事或整个事物时用单数。both 则只能指复数。n nBoth / All are present.n nAll I know is that he just came back from America.n nall和both与否定词连用，都表示部分否定n nAll of the books are not English books.n nBoth of us are not teachers.other VS. another功能含义单数复
21、数作主语、宾语、定语作定语作主语、宾语特指the otherthe other (boys)the others泛指anotherother (boys)othersl lThe Smiths have two bicycles. One belongs to Mr. Smith. _ bike belongs to Mrs. Smith.l lMr. Smiths bicycle was run over by a truck and destroyed. He needs to get _ one.l lThere are three books on my desk. Two of th
22、em are dictionaries. _ one is a telephone directory. l lThe puppy chewed up my telephone directory, so I went to the telephone company to get _ phone book.l lThere are three colors in the U.S. flag. One of the colors is red. _ are white and blue.l lMany people like to get up very early in the mornin
23、g. _ like to sleep until noon.l lThere are four seasons. Spring and summer are two. _ are fall and winter.l lJack has two suits. One is blue, and _ is gray.l lJack has only two suits, a blue one and a gray one. His wife wants him to buy _ one.l lIf you really hate your job, why dont you look for _ o
24、ne? You dont have to be a dishwasher all your life. There are lots of _ jobs in the world.another 的习惯用法n none after another 一个接一个地n none sort / way or another 某种类型、某种方式n none thing . another 一回事另一回事no one VS. nonen nno one只能指人，none可用于指人或物。n nno onenobody，语气比none强，后面不接of构成的短语；none通常与of连用作主语n nno one作
25、主语时，谓语动词用单数；none后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词单复数均可。n nNo one was in the classroom.n nNone of the money on the desk is mine. n nNone of us speaks / speak Japanese.n n用于简短回答时，none用来回答how many或how much问句；no one或nobody用来回答who问句；而nothing则用来回答what问句；n n How many fish did you catch? None. n n How muc
26、h water is there in the bottle? None.n n Who will go to the party? No one. / Nobody.n n Whats in your hand? Nothing.one 的用法的用法n n不定代词one可用来泛指“人们”、“任何人”，所有格形式为ones (英) 或 his (美)；n nOne cant make an omelet without breaking eggs. 有所得必有所失。 n nOne should take care of ones / his health.n none可用来代替上文出现过的同种
27、类单数可数名词；其复数形式为ones，可用来代替上文出现过的同种类复数可数名词；n nA good writer is one who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.n nI dont know whether small oranges are sweeter than big ones.one, the one, thatn nthat 只能代替事物，不能代替人；one 既可代替人也可代替事物。n none代替前面出现的名词表示不确指；that, the one 代替前面出现的名词，指代谈话双方都知道的事物，即“特指”。n n
28、that 不能有前置修饰语，但须有后置修饰语；one一般可有前置修饰语，也可有后置修饰语。n none, the one 都只能指代前面出现的单数可数名词，复数可数名词则用ones, the ones；that既可指代单数可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。n nthat代替前面提到的事物，必须是这一名词在第二次出现时有后置修饰语；如果前面提到的是复数名词，则用those来代替。Im looking for a house. Id really like one with a garden. (指代不确定的单数可数名词)The sweater he wears today is different
29、from that / the one he wore yesterday. (当指代的是谈话双方都确知的事物，而且该名词是有后置修饰语的单数可数名词时，that = the one)Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. (指代不可数名词)The bikes they made this year are better than those / the ones they made last year. (当指代的是谈话双方都确知的事物，而且该名词是有后置修饰语的复数可数名词时，those = the ones)9、静夜四无邻，
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