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1、“情态动词情态动词havedone”重点讲解重点讲解如果他学习努力， 他就会通过期末考试了。 Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheFinalexamination.一、在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，而主句中则用而主句中则用“情态动词现在完成情态动词现在完成时时”，即would/could/should/mighthavedoneA.couldhavestayB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestay1.- I stayed at
2、 a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. 答案A,本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：IfyouhadstayatahotelwhileinNewYork,youcouldhavestayedwithBarbara.表达了与过去事实相反的情况。A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid2.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfordiscussion,otherwise,she_somethingshewouldregretlater.答案D 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟
3、语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况。二、二、musthavedone表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，测判断，语气较强，意思是意思是“一定一定、肯定、肯定”昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今早地面是潮湿的。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen1. I didnt hear the phone. I _
4、 asleep. 答案B关键词是didnt，说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断。 A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen2. - I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice. - On, it _ my brother, Peter. 答案B 本句的意思是：我昨天向你家里打的电话。这是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用must have done结构 三、三、may/ might have done 也用于也用于对已已
5、经发生生过的情况的肯的情况的肯 定推定推测判断，但判断，但语气稍弱，气稍弱， 意思是意思是“可能，或可能，或许”。她没能及时到达那儿。她可能没赶上汽车。 She didnt get there in time. She may have missed the bus. 他今天没来上课，他可能病了。He didnt come to school today. He might have been ill.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will 1. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back t
6、o sleep again.2. The window was broken. Tom _ have done that, for he was a little naughty. A. could B. might C. should D. ought to 四、如果四、如果对过去情况推去情况推测判断的句判断的句 子是疑子是疑问句和否定句，只能用句和否定句，只能用cancould和和cant,couldnt。例如：。例如：他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。He cant have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.Hecanthavegoneabro
7、ad;Isawhimanhourago.他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。- Can he have passed the exam?- No, he cant have. He didnt work hard. 他通过考试了吗？不，他不可能通过考试。他学习不努力。 1.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourney.A.cantbeB.shouldntbeC.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen根据They were already
8、five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.一句中的时态，应该是对过去情况的推测判断，因为车上已经有5位人了，在带上我一个，可以断定这一定是一次不舒适的旅行。所以，本句表达的是对过去否定的推测判断，应该用cant/ could have done来表达。故答案选D。2.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterday,sohe_yourlecture.A.couldnthaveattendedB.neednthaveattendedC.mustnthaveattendedD.should
9、nthaveattended 根据句意“我妹妹昨天在大剧院见过他”，所以，一定是对过去已经发生的否定的判断，答案选A。3. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用could have done，答案选C。 4. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting. (1995 上海) A. m
10、ustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken 本句表达的是过去已发生情况否定的推测判断，应该用couldnt have done，故答案选D。五、含有五、含有must/may/might表示对过去情况推测表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，若句中带有判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分用过去时间；明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分用过去时间；若没有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分用现在若没有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分用现
11、在完成时形式。例如：完成时形式。例如：He must have been living here for years, hasnt he?他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？You cant have slept well last night, did you?你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？A.mustntB.haventC.cantD.didnt1: Great changes must have taken place in the village in the past few years, _ they?巩固练习巩固练习含有must表示推测判断的句子，其反意疑问句的动词形式应与must后动
12、词时态保持一致。可以理解成如果不表示推测判断，该句应该说成：Great changes have taken place in the village in the past few year. 变成反意疑问句后应该说成：Great changes have take place in the past few years, havent they? 所以，该题选B。A.didntB.hasntC.mustntD.cant2. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, _ he?巩固练习巩固练习本句中must后的动词形式应为did，所以，
13、反意疑问句的动词应为didnt。故答案选A。 六、六、should/oughttohavedone表示表示“本来应该做的，而实际上没有做的事情本来应该做的，而实际上没有做的事情”，其否定形式则表示其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情已经做了不该做的事情”，含有责备的意思。例如：含有责备的意思。例如：The flowers have died. I should have watered them often.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给他们浇水的。（其实没浇水） You ought not to have told them the truth.你本不应该告诉他们真相的。（其实你告诉他们了
14、） 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? （99 上海）上海）A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 本句的意思是：昨天的聚会很有意思，你本来应该来的，可你为什么没来？表示“本应该做，而实际上没有做的事情”应该用should/ ought to have done。答案D。 2. Oh, I am not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken
15、 just now. (2002 上海春上海春)A.shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 本句的意思是：我胃不舒服，我刚才不应该吃那么多油炸鸡。其实你吃了所以应该选C。3. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (NMET 2001)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 本句表达的意思是：你不应该一句话
16、没说就离开家。含有责备的意思，做了不应该做的事情，答案选B。4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving（04广西卷）广西卷） 本句表达的意思是：怀特先生应该八点半就到会了，但是他没有出现。应该出现而没有出现，答案选A。七、七、neednthavedone表示表示“做了本来不必做的做了本来不必做的事情事情”，通常不用于肯定句。例如：，通常不用
17、于肯定句。例如：Its only five minutes walk. We neednt have taken a taxi.只有5分钟的步行路程，我们本不必乘出租车的。 It is warm today. You neednt have worn your coat.今天天气暖和，你本来不必穿大衣的。 1.He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money.A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt 巩固练习巩固练习 该句的意思是：他不穷，你本不必借给他钱。答案选B. 。2.There was plenty of t
18、ime. You _ have hurried.A. wont B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt 巩固练习巩固练习 该句的意思是：时间充裕着呢，你不必慌忙。答案选C。 - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.- Thanks. you _ it. I could manage it myself. ( 05福建福建 31题) A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 该句的意思是：凯萨琳,我已经帮你打扫屋子了，其实你没有必要
19、做的，我自己能处理的。八、八、can/couldhavedone表示表示“本来能够做而本来能够做而实际实际上没有做的事情上没有做的事情”。例如：。例如：Youcouldhavecomeherealittleearlier.你本来可以早点来到这儿的。She could have earned a lot of money.她本来可以挣一大笔钱的。 1.I _ here in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him for some time.A. shouldnt have come B. must
20、 have comeC. neednt have come D. could have come 巩固练习巩固练习这句话的意思是：我本来可以按时来这儿的，但是遇到一位老朋友，说了会话，所以没能及时来这儿。答案选D。 2.They _ have finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard. A. must B. could C. should D. might 巩固练习巩固练习 该句的意思是：他们本来可以做天完成工作的，但是昨天雨下的太大，所以没能完成。答案选B He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. (05 山山东)A. could B. would C. must D. need 本句表达的意思是：他买了个位置，其实他可以免费进入的。Thankyou!
