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1、Chengbeizhongxue 李小英定语从句定语从句 概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代在复合句中修饰名词或代词词 的句子的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl, 叫做叫做定语从句定语从句1.The man is a farmer.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子: : The man who is speaking at the meeting
2、is a farmer.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词关系副词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法: :当先行词是物时当先行词是物时, , 用用which 或或that引导引导. .These are the trees which were planted la
3、st year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时, , 用用who, whom, whose, that引导引导.who, whom, whose, that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语Whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher
4、.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意: : 关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略. . The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visi
5、t is a teacher.下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that1.1.当序数词或形容词最高级当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先修饰先行词时。行词时。 eg. Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.2. 当先行词是指物的当先行词是指物的 little,few,much,any,all,anything,something,nothing,none,the one, everything, 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。 egeg. Everything we saw in the film was OK. Everything we saw
6、in the film was OK.egeg. All that I can do has been done. . All that I can do has been done. 3.3.当先行词被当先行词被all,little,few,much,any,every,noall,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰等修饰时时 egeg. I have eaten all the food that is left. I have eaten all the food that is left.4. 4. 当先行词是当先行词是There be There be 句
7、型中的主语且指物时。句型中的主语且指物时。 egeg. There is little work that is fit for you. There is little work that is fit for you. 没有什么工作适合你做。没有什么工作适合你做。5.当先行词同时包括人或物时。 eg. We often talk about the people and the things that we are interested in. 我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人或事。6.当主句是who或which时。 eg. Who is the girl that has black long
8、 hair? eg .Which is the pen that you bought?7.当先行词作主句的表语时。eg .China is not the country that used to. 中国不再是过去那样的国家。eg .Its a sunny day that we are longing for. 这就是我们所渴望的晴天。8.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。eg. This is the very beautiful girl that Im looking for. 这正是我一直在寻找的漂亮女孩.eg. Tha
9、ts the only thing that I can do now.eg. You are the last person that I meet here. 你是我在这儿遇见的最后一个人。1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4.
10、My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a litt
11、le boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who lives next door is a teac
12、her.修饰物体时关系代词修饰物体时关系代词修饰物体时关系代词修饰物体时关系代词thatthat和和和和 whichwhich的区分的区分的区分的区分使用使用thatthat的情况：的情况：1 1、当先行词是、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, nothing, something, anything, all, eacheach等不定代词时。等不定代词时。egeg. Do you have anything that is important to tell . Do you have anything that is important to t
13、ell me?me?2 2、当先行词被当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, eachall, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。等修饰时。 egeg. I have some books that are very good. I have some books that are very good.3 3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。egeg. This is the first book that I bought myself. This is the first
14、 book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4 4、当先行词被、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。等词修饰时。egeg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. This is the very book that
15、 I lost yesterday.5 5、当先行词又有人又有物时当先行词又有人又有物时。egeg. I wont forget the things and the persons that . I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.I saw.只能使用只能使用whichwhich的情况。的情况。1 1、非限制性定语从句中、非限制性定语从句中。egeg. Mary has a book, which is very precious. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2 2、在介
16、词之后在介词之后。egeg. This is a house in which lives an old man. This is a house in which lives an old man.3 3、当主句中的主语被当主句中的主语被thatthat修饰时修饰时。egeg. That dog which I found in the street belongs . That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.to Mary.修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词that that 和和和和who,
17、whomwho, whom的的的的区分区分区分区分。当主句中的主语是当主句中的主语是whowho时，只能用时，只能用thatthat。egeg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who who 或者或者whomwhom。egeg. I have a son, who is really lovely and . I have a son, who is really l
18、ovely and interesting.interesting.There are 40 students in the class, most of whom There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.are boys.关系代词关系代词whosewhose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词句中充当定语，修饰先行词。egeg. She is the girl whose English sounds very . She is the girl whose Eng
19、lish sounds very beautiful.beautiful.Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. white and black. 关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词when, where, whywhen, where, why的用法以及与关系代的用法以及与关系代的用法以及与关系代的用法以及与关系代词的区分。词的区分。词的区分。词的区分。关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句关系副词在定语从句
20、当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词句子加上特定的关系副词。egeg. I wont forget the time when I got married. I wont forget the time when I got married.Have you still remember the days when we stayed Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?together?This is the pla
21、ce where we had a good time.This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Is this the house where MrMr Smith lives? Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.I dont know the reason why he wont join us.Do you know the reason why he didnt come to Do you know the reaso
22、n why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?sweep the classroom?关系副词关系副词when, wherewhen, where和关系代词和关系代词that, whichthat, which的区分。的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用wherewhere，有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whenwhen， 有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which。这主要看两点：一是定语这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定
23、语从句中的谓语动词是否是从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：This is the park that we visited last year.This is the park that we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.This is the park where we held a birthday party.She wont forget the days that she spent on the She wont
24、 forget the days that she spent on the island.island.She wont forget the days when they stayed She wont forget the days when they stayed together.together.Thats the date when we went to the college.Thats the date when we went to the college.Thats the date that she wont forget for ever.Thats the date
25、 that she wont forget for ever.I like the time when we lived together.I like the time when we lived together.I like the time that we had together.I like the time that we had together.关系副词关系副词when, where, why when, where, why 和介词和介词+which+which之间的关之间的关系。关系副词系。关系副词when, where, whywhen, where, why可以用适当
26、的介词可以用适当的介词+which+which来替代。如：来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+whichwhere=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。egeg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I . 1. I wont forget the date when( on which)
27、 I was born.was born.2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.is the room which I lived in.3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today.havent
28、come today.4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. they lived in Tianjin. Consolidation exercisesConsolidation exercises. .Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative prono
29、uns.1. This is the only book _ I got last year.1. This is the only book _ I got last year.2. Is this the book in _ you are interested?2. Is this the book in _ you are interested?3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.4. Rose still rememb
30、ers the trees and teachers_ exist 4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist ( (存在存在)in the mother school.)in the mother school.5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful.5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful.6. Do you have any money _is used to build the 6. Do you
31、have any money _is used to build the factory?factory?7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father.7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father.8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. 8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. Exercises : Exercises : Fill in the blanks with a
32、ppropriate relative pronouns Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time?you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ t
33、hey stayed for a night. 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home.home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I t
34、old him last 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day.day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in JiningJining. .thatw
35、herewherethatwhenthatwhenthatExercises : Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time?you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we
36、lived before? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his 5. Tom has
37、 forgotten the day _ he left his home.home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day.day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ sh
38、e spent in 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in JiningJining. .thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthatComprehensive exercises.Comprehensive exercises.Fill in the blanks with the suitable relative pronouns or the Fill in the blanks with the suitable relative pronouns or the relative adverbs.rela
39、tive adverbs.1. Is this the room _ we spent our childhood?1. Is this the room _ we spent our childhood?2. This dictionary is the second one _ I bought in the 2. This dictionary is the second one _ I bought in the shop.shop.3. I still remember the date _ I went to Nanjing for 3. I still remember the
40、date _ I went to Nanjing for the first time.the first time.4. Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons _ 4. Tom is thinking about the grass and the persons _ he saw in the yard.he saw in the yard.5. There are 100 old men in the street, some of _ are 5. There are 100 old men in the street, som
41、e of _ are drinking tea.drinking tea.6. Do you know the days _ you spent on English?6. Do you know the days _ you spent on English?7. All the books _are on the shelf belong to Mary.7. All the books _are on the shelf belong to Mary.8. Are you satisfied with the park _ you visited last 8. Are you satisfied with the park _ you visited last time?time?9. _ we all know, the building will soon be destroyed. 9. _ we all know, the building will soon be destroyed. 10. I have the same book _ she has.10. I have the same book _ she has.
