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1、定语从句定语从句一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作在句子中作定语定语)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why二、用法二、用
2、法: :Thesearethetreeswhich / that wereplantedlastyear.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhich先行词是先行词是物物Thesearethestudentswho / that wonthefirstplacelastyear.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themani
3、sspeakingatthemeeting.合并合并作主语作主语whom作定语从句的宾语作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.合并合并作宾语作宾语that可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语.Thewoman_theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略可省略Theman_isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.who / thatwhom / that/ who /-whose作定语从句的
4、作定语从句的定语定语(whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，也可以指物).Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.合并合并Iknowthegirl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.Iknowthegirl.Itscoverisyellow.合并合并2.which,that的的用法用法which作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatisma
5、deinChina.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略3.whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时,可用可用ofwhich代替代替,但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the +n + of whichHe lives in the room whose window faces south.=Helivesintheroom,_facessouth.thewindowofwhichHe lives in the room. Its windows faces south. the windows of the room faces south. The house, _ was
6、 destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. whose roofA.the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 房子的屋顶房子的屋顶=the roof of the house先行词先行词the roof of which(which/ that/-)who/ thatwhosewhich/ thatwho, that, whom, which, whose1.I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical mus
7、ic.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player.4.Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.5.Here is the man _ you want to see.whom/that/who/-1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereany
8、thingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what 考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,no,something,anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wa
9、ll. A. which B. that C. where D. it6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰先行修饰先行词前有序数词词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最形容词最高级高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或或
10、者者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用who,which，而用而用that。 1.先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。4. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人
11、和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who,which，而用，而用that。只用只用that的情况的情况:考点一考点一:that与与which的区别的区别（7 7）主主句句是是there there bebe结结构构，先先行行词词为为物物的定语从句用的定语从句用thatthat。如：如： ThereisabookonthedeskThereisabookonthedeskthat that belongstoFrankbelongstoFrank. . He He brought brought
12、 two two cats cats yesterday. yesterday. Now Now I I can can see the two see the two thatthat are playing in the garden are playing in the garden. . （6 6）被修饰词为数词时，只用）被修饰词为数词时，只用thatthat。如：如： 只用只用that，不用，不用which 1. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C thi
13、s D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面2,介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this3.一个句子,两个定语从句,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newlyopen to us.A. that B. which C.where D.as只用只用who，不用，不用that1. 1. 当先行词是当先行词是one, ones, anyone,
14、 thoseone, ones, anyone, those表人时表人时Do you know the one _ gave me the book?Is there anyone _ is absent today?whowho只用只用who，不用，不用that2. 2. 有两个定语从句时，当代指人时，一个已经有两个定语从句时，当代指人时，一个已经用了用了that, that, 另一个宜用另一个宜用whowhoThe girl that you met yesterday is an English teacher _ teaches well.who3. 3. 在在there be the
15、re be 句型中句型中 先行词为人先行词为人There are many young people _ are for him.who4 4 当当先先行行词词是是I I，youyou，hehe，theythey等等时时（常常用于谚语之中）。如：用于谚语之中）。如： HeHewhoplayswithfirewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.getsburned. HeHewhodoesntreachtheGreatWallwhodoesntreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueisnotatrueman.man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉
16、。不到长城非好汉。只用只用who，不用，不用that考点五考点五:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行先行词词保持一致。保持一致。1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who am not fit for this job 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C.
17、that has written D. that have written A 4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class. ! A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing C 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑
18、关系注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。此时关系代词只能用此时关系代词只能用which或或whom;不可不可用用that或或who代替代替The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.合并两个简单句合并两个简单句=The man abou
19、t I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，常用不能省略，常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置主体，不作前置Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ?Thisistheboywithwhomhetalked
20、.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前介词提前).指指人只用人只用whom,指物只用指物只用which1.The song, _ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.2.He is the hero _ we are proud.3.This is the college _ well visit a famous actor.4.The earth _ we live is a big round ball.5.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.in whic
21、hwith whomin whichon whichExerciseof whomCan you lend me the book the other day ?Awhich you talkedBthat you talkedCabout that you talkedDyou talked aboutThere are two thousand students in our school, are girls.Atwo-thirds in which Btwo-thirds in themCtwo-thirds of them Dof whom two thirdsI have boug
22、ht two ball-pens, writes well.Aneither of themBnone of themCneither of whichDnone of whichHe built a telescope he could study the skies.Aby it Bthrough which Cwith that Din which主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人whothatwhom（优先）（优先）whothatwhose（of whom）指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物指人和物thatthatwhose（一）引导定语从
23、句的关系代词（一）引导定语从句的关系代词关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）关系副词与介词（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代关系代词的替代whenwhen可用可用in/on/at/during+which代替代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.whenwhichwhere where可用可用in/on/at/to + which代替代替1.
24、This is the room.2. I live in the room.This is the room in which I live.wherewhich.32whywhy可用可用for+which代替代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.ThisisthereasonforwhichIwaslateforschool.whywhich.33关系关系代词代词和关系和关系副词副词的区别的区别关系代词关系代词在定语从句中在定语从句中作主语、宾语作主语、宾语关系副词关系副词在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语 I will
25、 never forget the day _ I first went to school. 状语状语 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. 宾语宾语 The house _ we visited is being repaired now. 宾语宾语 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. 状语状语when(which/that)(which/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is t
26、hat he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable. 宾语whythat which-如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语主语、宾语或定语则则选择选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语状语，则选，则选择择关
27、系副词关系副词。使用要点使用要点1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。 The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped. 2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时， 常可常可省略省略,且且that前不能有介词。前不能有介词。 This is the girl with whom he works.3. 关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。 I have come to explain the reason why
28、I was absent from the meeting. The people whomwhothat you met in the campus are from Australia.（作宾语）（作宾语）1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?DIsthisthefactory_wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。述句式。Exercises2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissent
29、encecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,scene时，时，一般用一般用where,最佳最佳选择则是选择则是inwhich3.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyCShewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A4.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB5.
30、Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、whatB6.IdontlikeEnglish,_Iamnotinterested.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayisjustenoughtoget.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayissmall.A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whoseADCD7.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybe
31、sttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD8.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD9.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB10._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB11
32、.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allD18.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatC12.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC13.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookst
33、ore,five _wereEnglishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichA名词/代词/数词+of+ which /whom引导非限定性定语从句14.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD1.Under the big tre
34、e are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two.2.My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4.The weather turned out to be very good, that was out of our expect.5.I will do all what I can to help you.whomwhosewhichthat 6.Im going t
35、o work in the hospital where needs me.7.Cathy is the only one of us who have been to America.8.Is that factory which your father once worked in?whichhasthe one1.This is the scientist _ name is known all over the country. 2.I have found a man _ can help you.3.Which statement _ is made according to th
36、e passage is right?4.Is there anything more in this article_ you think is wrong?5.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into mouth. A. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whomDACCB6.The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring _ he had lost on the train.7.The man _ is shaking hands
37、with the headmaster is a policeman.8.The famous basketball star _ you wish to see has come.9.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons _ none of us has ever heard of.BAECA. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whomCACEBA. who B. which C. that D. whose E. whom10.This the best film
38、_ I have ever seen.11.Those _ break the law must be punish.12.This is the only answer _ we think is right.13.I know the student from _ you borrowed the dictionary.14.That is the factory in _ they once worked. 1. The boy _ is standing near the door is my brother . that/who(主语)2. I like the book _ you
39、 lent to me.that/which(宾语) 3. China is no longer the country _ it was.that/which(表语) 4.They planted the flowers_didnt need much water.which/that(主语) 5.The dictionary_ my father bought for me is very useful to me.which/that(宾语) 6. The teacher _ went to see me yesterday is Mr. Zhang. 7. Here is the ma
40、n _you want to see.whom/that/who(宾语)who/that(主语)thatThe Yellow Mountain _ Ivisited last summer holiday,is a feast for the eyes.which/that/-The building _ l live was torn down. where/in whichTheboymadegreatprogressinthemid-termexamination,_madehisparentsveryhappy.whichThepictureswillremindsmeofthehap
41、pydays_wespentinourschool. which/that/-Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintheschool_westudy.where/in whichThe teachers _ I traveled to Detian Waterfallsare my colleagues.with whomJohnCutisgaveusaspeech,_inspiredusalot. which I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. 状语 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. 宾语 The house _ we visited is being repaired now. 宾语 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. 状语when(which/that)(which/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable. 宾语whythat whichx
