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1、选修7Module 6 The Worlds Cultural Heritage课程解读课程解读话题The Worlds Cultural Heritage(世界文化遗产）功能Expressing place,condition and concession(地点、条件、让步的表达法）语法Subjunctive and adverbial clauses of place,condition and concession(虚拟语气及地点、条件、让步状语从句）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.maintain v.保持；维持；保养2.recommend v.建议3.estimate n.估计；估
2、算4.enlarge v.（使）增大；（使）扩大promise n.折中；妥协6.undertake v.许诺做某事；同意做某事7.honour v.给予荣誉8.preserve v.保护，保存preservance n.保护9.existence n.存在exist v.存在10.contribute v.促成contribution n.贡献11.assistance n.帮助，援助assist v.帮助，协助12.guidance n.指导，引导guide v.指导13.absence n.缺乏，没有absent adj.缺席的课程解读课程解读重点短语1.apart from除之外2.g
3、o through经历；通过；完成3.remind sb.of sth.使某人想起4.at the mercy of.受支配；任凭摆布5.in return作为报答，作为回报6.be honoured for因而受到尊敬7.in case 以防，免得8.as long as只要重点句型1.The site is extremely expensive to maintain and it will cost between three and five million yuan to repair it.这个地方维护起来极其昂贵，而整修将花费三百万到五百万元的数目。2.Some areas a
4、re almost completely covered in weeds,causing serious damage.有些地方几乎全被杂草覆盖，结果造成了严重的破坏。知识要点知识要点要点一要点一 单词单词1.preserve v.保护，维护，保存；保留，维护保护，维护，保存；保留，维护的原的原状状归纳拓展（1）preserve.from.保护免于be well preserved保养得好，保存得好（2）preserver n.保护者；保存者；禁猎地的管理人员；防护用品例句：It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public or
5、der.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。The purpose of the organization is to preserve endangered species from extinction.这个组织的目的就是保护濒危物种不致灭绝。Is your grandmother 70?Shes remarkably well preserved.你祖母有70岁了吗？她真会保养啊。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Its difficult to _ ones self-respect in that job.A.preserveB.conserveC.reserveD.remain【解析解
6、析】句意为：做那样的工作保持自尊是很难的。preserve “保持，维持”。conserve “保存，保护”；reserve “保留，预定”；remain “仍旧是”。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点2.contribute v.捐助；捐赠，贡献；促成某事物；撰稿，捐助；捐赠，贡献；促成某事物；撰稿，投稿投稿归纳拓展（1）contribute to sth.促成某事物；有助于contribute (sth.) to/towards sth.向捐赠，向投稿（2）contribution n.捐款；捐助；贡献；投稿make contributions to.对作贡献（3）contributor n.
7、贡献者；捐助者，投稿者知识要点知识要点注意：contribute to与make contributions to中的to为介词，其后要跟名词、代词或动名词来作宾语。例句：Most people contributed something towards the new church buildings.大部分人都为教堂的新建筑捐献了点东西。Im sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.我肯定你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。He contributed an article to our school paper y
8、esterday.昨天他给我们校报投了一篇文章。He has made great contributions to the space development program.他对太空发展计划有很大的贡献。【链接训练链接训练】知识要点知识要点Everyone is encouraged to _ food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the big earthquake.A.constructB.contributeC.supplyD.distribute【解析解析】contribute food or clothin
9、g “捐献食物或衣服”。distribute 意为“分配，分发”；supply意为“提供，供应”，常用 supply sth.to sb.结构；construct 意为“建造”。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点3.recommend vt.推荐，介绍；建议，劝告推荐，介绍；建议，劝告归纳拓展(1)recommend sth.to sb.=recommend sb.sth.向介绍，向推荐recommend sb.to do sth.劝告某人做某事recommend doing.建议做recommend sb.as.推荐某人当recommend+that-clause建议It is/was+reco
10、mmended that.有人建议知识要点知识要点(2)recommend，suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，advise，insist，require，order，command等词所接的宾语从句以及它们对应的名词所接的表语从句、同位语从句，再加上它们的过去分词所在的“It is/was+过去分词+主语从句”等结构中的谓语动词必须用（should） do的虚拟语气形式。例句：The manufactures recommend changing the oil after 500 km.制造商建议在行驶500千米之后再更换机油。He recommende
11、d me to follow my mothers advice.他劝我听取我妈妈的建议。He recommended that I （should） buy new tyres.他建议我买新车胎。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】I recommended _ an English-Chinese dictionary，which I thought would be of great help to his studies.A.buyingB.boughtC.to buyD.he bought【解析解析】本题考查recommend的搭配用法，即recommend+doing“建议做”。【
12、答案答案】A知识要点知识要点The headmaster recommended that we _ to school on time for the afternoon English reading.A.had comeB.would comeC.comeD.came【解析解析】考查recommend意为“劝告，建议”时，后跟that从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should）do的形式，故正确答案答案为C。句意为：校长建议我们下午应按时到校上英语阅读课。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点4.undertake vt.承担，担任，从事；许诺，保证；着手，承担，担任，从事；许诺，保证；着手，开
13、始开始归纳拓展undertake a task/project承担一个任务/项目undertake to do sth.undertake that. 承诺/答应干某事例句：She undertook full responsibility for the new changes.她为新变化承担全部责任。I undertook to teach the children English.我答应教孩子们英语。I cant undertake that you will make a profit.我不能担保你会获利。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The engineer _ to desi
14、gn and build a beautiful and strong bridge for our village.A.was undertookB.has undertookC.has undertakenD.undertaking【解析解析】句意为：这位工程师已答应为我们村设计并建造一座漂亮坚固的大桥。undertake to do sth.“答应/许诺做某事”。此处需要谓语结构，排除D;undertake的过去分词应为undertaken。故C项最佳。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点5.mercy n.宽容；怜悯；仁慈宽容；怜悯；仁慈归纳拓展at the mercy of受支配，任由摆布
15、have mercy on/upon sb.宽恕、怜悯某人show mercy to sb.宽恕、怜悯某人beg for mercy乞求/请求宽恕without mercy毫不留情地，残忍地例句：The boat was at the mercy of the rapid river.那条船任由湍急的河流摆布。We must show no mercy to our enemies.我们绝不怜悯我们的敌人。Its a mercy she wasnt hurt in the accident.她在事故中未受伤真幸运。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The child was abandone
16、d in the forest,where he was _ the mercy of wild beasts.A.onB.byC.inD.at【解析解析】at the mercy of.“任由支配，摆布”，这是一个固定短语。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点promise n.妥协；折衷；妥协（或折衷）方案妥协；折衷；妥协（或折衷）方案vi.妥协；折衷妥协；折衷归纳拓展（1）make compromises with做出让步；与妥协reach a compromise on sth.就某事达成妥协（2）compromise with sb.on sth.就某事同某人妥协be compromise
17、d by被危害（连累）例句：In any relationship,you have to make compromises.在任何关系当中，你都得做出让步。After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise on trade.双方经过长时间商谈终于就贸易方面达成了妥协。They were unwilling to compromise with the military.他们不愿与军方妥协。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The short-answer test is a kind of _ between th
18、e composition and selection types.A.mixtureB.connectionC.compoundD.compromise【解析解析】compromise“妥协、折中办法”，其余三项后面须接介词of。句意为：简答题是作文题和选择题折中的产物。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点7. ignore vt. 不理睬；不顾；忽视不理睬；不顾；忽视归纳拓展（1）ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/不知道某事（2）ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；（对某事）缺乏认识be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道某事（3）ignorant adj. 无
19、知的，愚昧的；没有学识的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事/对某事无知be ignorant that.不知知识要点知识要点例句：He ignores the doctors advice and goes on smoking.他不顾医生的劝告而继续吸烟。I tried to tell her but she ignored me.我打算告诉她，可是她不理我。He is in ignorance of Latin.=He is ignorant of Latin.他不懂拉丁文。知识要点知识要点同类辨析ignore，overlook 与 neglect（1）ignor
20、e 指“有意识地置之不理、不顾”。（2）overlook 指“漏看，忽略”。（3）neglect 可表示故意或无意地“疏忽、忘记”，后面可跟不定式。【链接训练链接训练】The best way to deal with an impolite person is to _ him.A.ignoreB.neglectC.omitD.overlook【解析解析】 ignore sb.“不理睬某人”，符合题意。neglect “忽略”；omit “省略”；overlook “忽略”。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1.apart from除了除了以外（都）以外（都）(相当于相当于
21、except/except for)；除了；除了外（还）；此外；加之外（还）；此外；加之(相相当于当于besides)归纳拓展set sb./sth.apart使显得独特two miles apart相距两英里take sth.apart将拆卸开tell A and B apart分辨出A与B知识要点知识要点例句：Apart from the price,the dress doesnt suit me.姑且不论价格，这件衣服不适合我。Apart from his school work,he takes interest in anything.除了学校的功课外，他对任何事都有兴趣。The
22、boy enjoys taking the old radio apart.这个小男孩喜欢拆卸那个旧收音机。I cant tell these two pictures apart.我对这两张图片无从区分。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】_ its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.A.Other thanB.Apart fromC.Except forD.Rath
23、er than【解析解析】other than不同于；apart from表示“除之外，还有”，相当于besides/in addition to；表示“除之外”用except/but;except for.除之外，表示“排除与主体不一致的次要的成分”；rather than“而不是”。根据句意，选B。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点2.go through经历（困难、痛苦等）；仔细检查；顺利经历（困难、痛苦等）；仔细检查；顺利完成；（法律、议案等）被正式通过或接受；用光，消完成；（法律、议案等）被正式通过或接受；用光，消耗某物耗某物归纳拓展go against违背go with伴随；与相配go
24、 in for喜欢，爱好go by（指时间）过去，消逝go down倒在地上；（船等）沉没；（日、月）落下；（价格、温度）减低，下降go ahead走到前面；继续前进；进展；干吧，说吧知识要点知识要点例句：The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.自从父母去世后，这个可怜的小女孩遭受了许多苦难。My application for a visa went through at last.我的护照申请最后终于被批准了。Lets go through the whole thing again from the
25、 beginning.我们再从头开始完整地练习一遍。We have gone through all the money that we had.我们已用完了所有的钱。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Remember to _ the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine.A.get throughB.pass throughC.go throughD.get along【解析解析】get through“（使）通过，（电话）接通”；pass through“穿过”；go through“经历，经受，仔细检
26、查”；get along“与相处”。根据句意，选C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点Why didnt you call me this morning?I _ call you.I called you all the morning,but I couldnt _.A.did;get overB.do;get itC.didnt;get togetherD.did;get through【解析解析】get over“克服”；get it“明白”；get together“聚会”；get through“打通(电话)”。do/does/did用于肯定句中表示强调，意为“的确”。答句句意为：我真
27、给你打电话了。但是打了一上午就是打不通。根据句意，选C。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点3.in return作为回报，作为报答作为回报，作为报答归纳拓展in return for. 作为对的回报on ones return某人一回来（就）return address回信地址例句：I wish I could do something for you in return.但愿我能为你做点儿事来报答你。She gave us food and clothing and asked for nothing in return.她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。On his return fro
28、m Germany,he was promoted to Colonel.他从德国一回来就被晋升为上校。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give oxygen to us _ .A.in caseB.in turnC.in returnD.in addition【解析解析】句意为：有些植物吸入我们呼出的二氧化碳，又呼出氧气。in return“作为报答”。in case“万一，如果”；in turn“依次，轮流”；in addition“此外，另外”。【答案答案】C知识要点知
29、识要点4.remind.of使想起，使记起使想起，使记起归纳拓展remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某物remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.+that-clause使某人想起，提醒某人例句：That reminds me of a short story by Lu Xun.这使我想起鲁迅写的一个短篇小说。They remind me that one can be strong only when united with the collective.他们使我想到，只有和集体结合才有力量。Please remind me to write a r
30、eply letter tonight.请提醒我今晚写封回信。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Do you know the girl with long hair?I dont think so,although she _ me of someone I know.A.remembersB.makesC.remindsD.suggests【解析解析】remind.of“使想起”。答句后半句句意为：尽管她使我想起了我认识的一个人。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点要点三要点三 句型句型Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds, cau
31、sing serious damage.有些地方几乎全被杂草覆盖，结果造成了严重的破坏。有些地方几乎全被杂草覆盖，结果造成了严重的破坏。归纳拓展causing serious damage是现在分词短语作结果状语。分词作结果状语，表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之后，与句子的主干之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，往往带有必然性。它须放在句子之后，用逗号隔开。例句：This kind of fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones.这种鱼能在两分钟内吃掉一个人，只留下一堆骨头。The train was held up by t
32、he snowstorm, thus causing the delay.这列火车由于暴风雪而被阻挡，因此晚点了。知识要点知识要点同类辨析现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别：现在分词作结果状语时，表示的是自然而然或顺理成章的结果，即：有了A这一情况必然会产生B这一结果；而不定式和only连用作结果状语时，用来表示出乎意料的，令人不愉快的结果。例句：Many trees were blown down,blocking the roads.很多树被大风刮倒了，结果阻塞了道路。（树被刮倒在地，必定阻塞道路）He hurried to the station only to be told the
33、train had already left.他匆忙赶往车站，结果却被告知火车已经开走了。（火车开走了是他所没有想到的、不愿意看到的结果）知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Though it is very hot,I am busy writing materials for my students,only _ once in a while to have some water.A.stoppingB.to stopC.stopD.stopped【解析解析】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意为：虽然天很热，但我忙于为我的学生写资料，只是偶尔停下来喝些水。根据句意，应该用现在分词作状语。“
34、only+不定式”表示的是一种未预料到的结果，常常含有使吃惊或失望的意思。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点四要点四 语法语法1.虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气表示所说的话不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况，或是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。(1)在条件状语从句中的用法英语中有两种条件句：真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示所提出的假设实现的可能性极小或与事实相反，在这种非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。具体形式和用法在前面的单元语法中我们已经详细地讲解，请自行回顾，查缺补漏。下面我们来重点讲一下虚拟语气在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句以及其他一些情况中的运用。知
35、识要点知识要点(2)用于宾语从句中的虚拟语气动词suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist,recommend后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语结构为“（should）+动词原形”。注意：suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“暗示，表明”时用陈述语气。insist表示“坚持要求”的时候，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气；表示“强调，坚持认为”时，用陈述语气。例句：I suggest we (should) set off right now.我建议我们现在就出发。He insisted that we (shoul
36、d) take up the matter at the meeting.他坚持要我们在会上谈这个问题。知识要点知识要点(3)用于主语从句中的虚拟语气在it is suggested，it is requested，it is desired，it was ordered，it was proposed，it is necessary，it is important，it has been decided等结构后的主语从句中，用虚拟语气，其谓语动词构成为“（should）+动词原形”。例句：It is requested that every teacher in our class (sho
37、uld) give a performance at the party.我们班级的每一位老师都得在晚会上表演一个节目。It is important that we (should) study both Chinese and English well when we are young.我们正值年轻，对我们来说学好汉语和英语是很重要的。知识要点知识要点(4)用于表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion，proposal，order，advice，request，idea等后面的表语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语构成为“（should）+动词原形”。例句：He gave order
38、s that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人。The proposal that he be invited was rejected.那项邀请他来的建议被否决了。知识要点知识要点(5)在wish和would rather后的宾语从句中，意为“但愿”，“希望”，“就好了”。其句型为：主句主语+wish/would rather+that+从句主语+did/were.（表示与现在事实相反的愿望）had done/been.（表示与过去事实相反的愿望）would/could/might+do.(表示与将来事实相反的
39、愿望)例句：I wish I were rich.但愿我很富有。I wish I hadnt told him that.要是我没告诉他那件事就好了。He would rather he hadnt lent Tom money last week.他宁愿自己上周没借给汤姆钱。知识要点知识要点(6)在as if/though引导的状语从句或表语从句中。例句：She always talks to me as if she were my sister.她总是以我姐姐的语气跟我说话。He walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg.他走得很慢，好像腿受伤的样子。
40、(7)在Its (high/about) time that.句型中，用虚拟语气。例句：Its time that you went to fetch your daughter from the kindergarten.是你去幼儿园接你女儿的时候了。Its high time that the weather should improved.天气真该好起来了。知识要点知识要点(8)if only引起的感叹句中的虚拟语气，表示愿望。例句：If only he were here!要是他在这儿就好了。If only I had not been ill last week!要是上周我没生病该多
41、好啊！(9)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,but for，otherwise,or，but等。例句：But for electricity/ If there were no electricity，there would be no modern industry.要是没有电力，就不会有现代工业。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】It is necessary that people，both young and old in China _ some English to adjust to the world
42、 of various cultures.A.learnB.will learnC.must learnD.have learned【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。“It is necessary （important,natural,strange）+从句”句型中，从句中的谓语动词要用“（should）+动词原形”形式。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点My suggestion is that we _ a few more assistants to help the engineer working busily on the machine.A.sendsB.sendingC.to sendD
43、.send【解析解析】proposal,suggestion,demand,requirement,advice等名词后面的表语从句要用虚拟语气。谓语动词的形式为（should）+动词原形。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点I _ to make an airline reservation in advance,but I _ .A.would call;didB.should have called;didntC.shall call;didntD.should have called;cant【解析解析】句意为：我本应该提前打电话订飞机票，但我没有。此句前半句使用虚拟语气，表示说话人的愿望。
44、后半句陈述事实，使用陈述语气。根据句意可知B项正确。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点If she _ medicine earlier,she _ ill now.A.takes;wont beB.took;wouldnt beC.had taken;wouldnt beD.had taken;wouldnt have been【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。这是错综时间条件句。从句与过去事实相反，故用had taken；主句与现在事实相反，故用wouldnt be。故选C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点2. 地点状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句地点状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句(1)地点状
45、语从句在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导地点状语从句的常用引导词有：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere等。地点状语从句相当于to/in/from the place（s） where.或in/to/from any place where.结构。注意：地点状语从句一般可以转化为定语从句，只要在where前加上to/in/from the place，便可变为定语从句。知识要点知识要点例句：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.
46、这座教堂建在一座罗马寺庙的旧址上。You can camp wherever you like.你愿在哪儿宿营就在哪儿宿营。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做上标记。where引导的地点状语从句除地点外，还可指处境等。例句：He said he was happy where he was.他说他在所在之处很愉快。知识要点知识要点(2)条件状语从句
47、在句子中作条件状语的从句称为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。引导条件状语从句的常用引导词为：if，unless，as/so long as，once，in case，on condition that，suppose/supposing（that），providing/provided（that），given （that）等。例句：In case anything important happens,please call me up.万一有重要事情发生，请打电话给我。Ill come on condition that my parents a
48、re invited,too.我的父母如果也被邀请，我就会来。注意：条件状语从句中通常不用将来时态，要用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时，一般过去时或过去完成时代替过去将来时。知识要点知识要点(3)让步状语从句在句子中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时可置于句中。让步状语从句通常由下列词或短语引导：though，although，even though，even if，as，whether.or （not）.，whether or not，whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever，whosever，whenever，w
49、herever，however等。知识要点知识要点例句：Youll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy.我不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。The quality will be the same,whichever of them you choose.无论你选择哪一个，它们的质量都是一样的。They will stand by you even if you dont succeed.即使你没有成功，他们也会支持你。注意：while和when也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。例句：While they are
50、my neighbors,I dont know them well.虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。He walks when he might take a taxi.他虽然可以乘出租车，却总是步行。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】We shouldnt ignore what happens _ it is difficult for us to accept some stories.A.even ifB.as ifC.on condition thatD.seeing that【解析解析】even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”；as if “好像”，引导表语从句或方
51、式状语从句；on condition that “条件是”；seeing that.“因为”。根据题意，选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Id like to live somewhere _ the sun shines all year long.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.in which【解析解析】句意为：我想生活在整年有阳光照射的地方。从句the sun shines all year long中只缺少地点状语，所以用where。somewhere是副词，但兼有名词的功能，后面可加定语，故选C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点According to the rule
52、s of the factory，you mustnt ask for leave _ you have a doctors note.A.unlessB.on condition thatC.thoughD.until【解析解析】句意为：根据工厂的规定，除非你有医生开的病例，否则不允许请假。unless意为“如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Young _ he is,he knows a great deal about advanced technology.A.asB.althoughC.soD.yet【解析解析】句意为：尽管他还小，但他对先进的技术知道得
53、特别多。young as he is=although/though he is young,as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点_ you go to the cinema or not,you must call me.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhetherD.No matter when【解析解析】句意为：不论你去不去看电影，一定要给我打电话。whether.or.引导让步状语从句，意为“不管都，不论是否”。whatever“无论什么”；whenever和no matter when皆为“无论何时”。【答案答案】CThank you !同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
