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1、Subjunctive mood 1课程章节It looks as if Harry Potter were a grown-up.Is he a grown-up?I wish every day were Sunday.Is every day Sunday?2课程章节 这种表示假定、想象、这种表示假定、想象、愿望等的非事实观念的语愿望等的非事实观念的语气就叫虚拟语气。气就叫虚拟语气。英语的语气分三大类英语的语气分三大类：陈述语气：用来叙述一件事实。陈述语气：用来叙述一件事实。祈使语气：表达说话人的请求或命令。祈使语气：表达说话人的请求或命令。虚拟语气：表示说话人的愿望虚拟语气：表示说话人
2、的愿望, ,假设假设, ,猜测或建猜测或建议议, , 而不是表示客观存在的事实。而不是表示客观存在的事实。3课程章节虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法:( 一一 ) 用于条件状语从句用于条件状语从句1 1、真实条件句和虚拟条件句、真实条件句和虚拟条件句真实条件句：真实条件句：If I have time, I shall(will) go to see you.If you move, Ill shoot you.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句: :If I were a bird, I would fly there.If I were a student, I would do i
3、t.4课程章节从从 句句主主 句句与现在与现在事实相事实相反反与过去与过去事实相事实相反反与将来与将来事实相事实相反反If +主语主语+动词过动词过去式（去式（be动词一动词一律用律用were)主语主语 + would /should/could/ might +动词原形动词原形If +主语主语+had+过去分词过去分词主语主语 + would/should/could/ might + have + 过去分词过去分词动词的过去式或动词的过去式或should/were to+动词原形动词原形主语主语 + would/should/could/ might + 动词原形动词原形2 2、虚拟语气在
4、条件句中的用法、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法5课程章节eg. If I were you, I should study English.If he had time, he would attend the meeting. If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.6课程章节（1 ）当条件状语从句的行为和主句表
5、示的行为所发当条件状语从句的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。间来调整。(混合时间条件句混合时间条件句)eg. If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句指过去从句指过去,主句指现在主句指现在) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.注注 意意7课程章节（ 2 ）从句省略）从句省略if , 用倒装句式用倒装句
6、式“were,had,should+主语主语”eg. Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.注注 意意8课程章节(3) 含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在介词短语或上下文含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在介词短语或上下文中，从句不表现出来。中，从句不表现出来。eg.I could never go to college without his help.But
7、 for (要不是要不是)your help, we should have failed.I would have visited you last week, but I was so busy.(= If I had not been so busy, )注注 意意(= If there were not his help)(= If it had not been for your help)But that I saw, I wouldnt have believed it.(= If I hadnt seen it) I was ill that day. Otherwise I
8、would have come.(= If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have come.)9课程章节(4)特殊结构的条件句特殊结构的条件句If it were not foreg. If it were not for his help, I could never go to college. If it had not been for your help, we should have failed.“如果没有如果没有 ”, 表示同现在事实相反的假设表示同现在事实相反的假设If it had not been for“如果当时没有如果当时没有
9、”, 与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设注注 意意10课程章节(5) If only (“要是要是多好呀多好呀”)引导的感叹引导的感叹句句eg. If only I had taken his advice!我要是听他的话就好了我要是听他的话就好了!If only I had wings!If only + +主语主语 + + 过去完成（与过去相反）过去完成（与过去相反）过去式（与现在或将来相反）过去式（与现在或将来相反）注注 意意(it would have been better)11课程章节(二）二）wish 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 从从 句句 动词的虚拟语气形式动词的虚拟语
10、气形式wish 引导的引导的宾语从句宾语从句1.1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: :过去式过去式(be(be多用多用were)were)2.2.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: :had+had+过去分词过去分词3.3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反: :would+would+动词原形动词原形eg. I wish everyone were active in the lesson. I wish I had done better in the mid-term exam. I wish (that) you would get a good job.12课程章节( 三三) 几种常用虚拟语气
11、的句型几种常用虚拟语气的句型: 句句 型型动词的虚拟语气形式动词的虚拟语气形式 1.1.动词动词+ +宾语从句宾语从句一个坚持一个坚持: :insist 坚持坚持(应该应该/做做)两个命令两个命令: :order,command三个建议三个建议: :suggest,propose,advise四个要求四个要求: :desire,demand,ask,require宾语从句中用宾语从句中用(should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形2.2.与上述动词相对应的名词如：与上述动词相对应的名词如：suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea,command,reque
12、st等后接的表语从等后接的表语从句句/同位语从句。同位语从句。表语从句表语从句, ,同位语从同位语从句中用句中用(should)+(should)+动动词原形词原形13课程章节( 三三) 几种常用虚拟语气的句型几种常用虚拟语气的句型: 句句 型型动词的虚拟语气形式动词的虚拟语气形式 3.It is/was+上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词(suggested, demanded等等）+ that 主语从句主语从句主语从句中用主语从句中用(should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形主语从句中用主语从句中用 (should)+(should)+动词原形动词原形4. It is/was+
13、 adj./n.如：如：important, necessary, natural,possible, strange, a pity/a shame,no wonder, desirable14课程章节注意注意: insist作作“坚持认为坚持认为”，“坚持说坚持说”解，解，suggest表表示示“表明表明”，“暗示暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。陈述语气。eg.Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.We insisted that she (should) go with us.Janes p
14、ale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.15课程章节(四四)as if / though引导的状语从句引导的状语从句注：注：as if /though 表示表示“有可能实现的事实有可能实现的事实”时，从句用陈述语时，从句用陈述语气。气。eg.It is so cloudy. It looks as if it is going to rain. 从从 句句 动词的虚拟语气形式动词的虚拟语气形式as if / though 引导的状语引导的状
15、语从句从句 1.1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: : 过去式过去式(be(be多用多用were)were)2.2.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: : had+had+过去分词过去分词3.3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反: :would+would+动词原形动词原形16课程章节（五）（五）It is time that句式的虚拟语气形式句式的虚拟语气形式 句句 型型 谓语动词的虚拟语气形式谓语动词的虚拟语气形式It is ( high )time ( that )动词过去式（动词过去式（be多用多用were）或）或should+动词原形动词原形(不能省不能省)eg.Its time that you should go to school.went17课程章节（七）虚拟语气在简单句中的应用（七）虚拟语气在简单句中的应用1 1）表示说话人谦虚，客气，使语气委婉。）表示说话人谦虚，客气，使语气委婉。It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to open the door?2) 2) 用于一些习惯表达法中。用于一些习惯表达法中。Would you like a cup of tea?May you be happy! May you succeed ! 18课程章节
