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1、必修4Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges课程解读课程解读话题A Trip Along the Three Gorges(一次三峡之旅）功能Talking about obligation,permission and prohibition(谈论义务、允许和禁止）语法Revision of modal verbs(复习情态动词）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.colleague n.同事2.downstream adv.向下游；随波而下3.trade vi.做生意4.detour n.迂路；绕行之路5.forbid vt.禁止6.mountainou
2、s adj.多山的7.immense adj.极大的8.fertile adj.肥沃的9.remote adj.遥远的10.scenery n.景色；风景11.surround vt.围绕；环绕surrounding adj.周围的；附近的surroundings n.环境12.narrow vi.变狭窄narrowly adv.勉强地；仅仅narrowminded adj.心胸狭隘的13.distant adj.遥远的distance n.距离，间距14.exploit vt.开发exploitation n.利用，开发15.varied adj.多变化的variety n.变化variou
3、s adj.各种各样的vary v.变化16.naturally adv.自然地natural adj.自然的nature n.自然课程解读课程解读重点短语1.at the edge of在的边缘2.be surrounded by.被所包围3.be heavy with有大量的4.in the distance在远处5.at least至少6.sail into驶入；顺利地前行7.rip off 敲竹杠；敲诈8.get a kick out of （俚语）从中得到乐趣重点句型1.He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching
4、 English at a teacher training college.他和一位同事将在一所教师培训院校教两年的英语。2.Nearly 100 million people live here,most of them in the east.将近1亿人住在这儿，多数住在东部。知识要点知识要点要点一 单词1. surround vt.（使）包围，环绕；围绕归纳拓展（1）surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.使某人（某物）包围某人（某物）be surrounded by/with sth./sb.被某物/某人所包围（2）surrounding adj.(作定语)周围的
5、；附近的surroundings n.（pl.）环境（同environment）in the surrounding area在周围地区知识要点知识要点例句：They have surrounded the town with troops.他们出动军队包围了该城镇。He likes to surround himself with beautiful things.他喜欢生活在美丽的环境中。The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.那所房子所处的环境很优美。After the explosion the army sealed o
6、ff the surrounding area.爆炸发生后军队封锁了周围地区。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The house _ big trees _ an old man,who is proud of it.A.surrounded by;belongs toB.surrounded with;belonging toC.is surrounded by;belongs toD.is surrounded with;belong to【解析解析】surrounded by是过去分词短语作定语，由后面的定语从句可知谓语动词应使用一般现在时，故选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Wh
7、en you move to a new place to live, you have to adapt yourself to the new _ as soon as possible.A.surroundingsB.situationsC.positionsD.livings 【解析解析】考查名词辨析。surroundings“环境”；situation“境况,处境”；position“位置”；living用作复数时，意为“活着的人”。句意为：当你搬到一个新的地方去居住，你必须使自己尽快适应新的环境。根据题意可知答案为A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点2. narrow v.（使变）狭
8、窄；使缩小（使变）狭窄；使缩小adj. 勉强的；险胜的；勉强的；险胜的；窄的窄的归纳拓展（1）narrow down减少，限制，缩小，变窄narrow.to.把局限在之内（2）a narrow escape死里逃生，险些遇险narrow majority/victory/defeat微弱多数/险胜/勉强击败（3）narrowly adv.仅仅；勉强地；差一点儿儿narrows n.海峡，江峡；（江、河、湖等的）狭窄处知识要点知识要点例句：In order to widen the road they had to narrow the pavement.为了拓宽道路只好将人行道弄窄。They
9、narrowed the search for the missing boy down to a few streets near the church.他们把寻找失踪男孩的范围缩小到教堂附近的几条街。Peter had a narrow escape from drowning when he fell overboard.彼得从船上掉入水中，险些淹死。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The gorge (峡谷) _ 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains.A.narrowsB.narrowedC
10、.narrows toD.narrow to【解析解析】句意为：当河水冲过两米高的山峰时，峡谷窄到了350英尺。narrow作动词用，意为“使缩小，使变窄”，后跟介词to。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点The final score of the basketball match was 9394.We were only _ beaten.A.nearlyB.slightlyC.narrowlyD.lightly【解析解析】考查副词词义辨析。nearly“几乎，将近”；slightly“稍微”；narrowly“仅仅，勉强地”，含有“差点儿，险些”的意味；lightly“轻轻地，轻易地”。句
11、意为：篮球比赛的最后比分是9394，我们差点输了。根据句意，选C。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点3. forbid vt.（forbade/forbad，forbidden，forbidding）禁止，不许；阻止；使避免发生）禁止，不许；阻止；使避免发生归纳拓展（1）forbid sb. to do sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.forbid sb.s doing sth. 禁止某人干某事forbid sb. sth.禁止某人某事forbid（doing）sth.禁止干某事（2）forbidden adj. 被禁止的The Forbidden City紫禁城知识要
12、点知识要点注意：forbid后跟动词时要用动词的-ing形式，而“禁止某人做某事”应用forbid sb. to do sth.，有类似用法的还有：allow, advise, permit, encourage等。例句：His father forbade him to use the dictionary.他父亲不允许他使用那本字典。They forbid walking in the field.他们不允许在田地里走。He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】We forb
13、id _ here.Who has permitted you _ here？A.smoke；smokingB.smoking；to smokeC.smoking；smokingD.to smoke；smoking【解析】第一空考查forbid doing sth.“禁止做某事”这一短语；第二空考查permit sb.to do sth.“允许某人干某事”这一结构。句意为：我们不许在这儿吸烟，谁允许你在这儿吸烟的？【答案】B知识要点知识要点Many students want to live outside the school,but the school _ them to do so c
14、onsidering their safety.A.stopsB.preventsC.discouragesD.forbids【解析解析】stop/prevent/discourage sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”；forbid sb. to do sth. 意为“禁止某人做某事”。根据句子结构，可知答案为D。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点4.view n. 景色；风景，景色；风景，(尤指尤指)自然美景自然美景vt.观察；观看；观察；观看；见解；认为；把见解；认为；把看成是看成是归纳拓展(1)in view of鉴于；考虑到in ones view依照的见解be i
15、n view在视野中come into view看得见have a good/bad/wonderful view of看得见/看不见/看得非常清楚(2)view.as把看作知识要点知识要点例句：Youll have a better view of the pianist if you stand up.你站起来就能更清楚地看到那位钢琴家。She waited until the whole island was in view and then took a photograph.她一直等到看见整个岛才拍了一张照片。In view of the weather,we will cancel
16、 the outing.因为天气关系，我们将要取消此次出行。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The school was built on a hill,so we had a very wonderful _ from the top.A.sceneB.sightC.timeD.view【解析解析】句意为：学校建在山上，因此我们从山顶上可以看到非常美丽的景色。view“风景”，尤指自然美景，符合题意。scene“现场；场面”；sight“视力，景象”；time“时间”，均与句意不符。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点The plan was _ favourably.A.viewingB.v
17、iewedC.to viewD.view【解析解析】view作动词用时，意为“认为，把看成是”。句意为：这项计划被认为是极好的。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1. at（the）least至少，最少，无论如何，反正至少，最少，无论如何，反正归纳拓展least of all尤其不；最不的not least相当重要；尤其，特别not in the least（=not at all）一点儿也不at（the）most至多，不超过(at least的反义词组)知识要点知识要点例句：He had been dead for at least a fortnight.他死了至少有两星
18、期了。Nobody need worry,you least of all/least of all you.谁也不必担心，尤其是你。The film caused a lot of hard feeling,not least among the workers whose lives it described.那影片招致许多人的反感，尤其是工人不满其中对工人生活的描写。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】There is much to do.So I think it requires _ two weeks.A.at lastB.at leastC.at mostD.not in the le
19、ast【解析】句意为：有很多工作要做。所以我想至少需要两周。at least“至少，最少”，符合题意。at last“最后”；at most“最多，至多”；not in the least“一点也不”。【答案】B知识要点知识要点Are you tired after climbing the mountain?_, on the contrary,I am very excited.A.At leastB.At mostC.Not in the leastD.At last【解析】句意为：爬山之后你感觉到累了吗？一点也不累，相反，我非常兴奋。not in the least“一点也不”，符合题
20、意。【答案】C知识要点知识要点2. get a kick out of从中得到乐趣归纳拓展（1）do sth. for kicks为了刺激做give sb./sth. a kick踢一脚（2）kick against抱怨；反对kick off（足球）开赛/球kick sth. off踢脱kick out撵走，开除知识要点知识要点例句：He gets a good deal of kick out of motor-racing.他从赛车中得到极大的乐趣。I dont expect to win when I betI do it for kicks.打赌时我并不想赢我是为了寻求刺激。He ki
21、cked against the treatment he was receiving.对他受到的待遇他表示抗议。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】完成句子我从集邮中得到乐趣。I get a kick out of collecting stamps.知识要点知识要点要点三 句型1. He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.他和一位同事将在一所教师培训学院教两年的英语。be to do表示安排或计划将要发生的动作知识要点知识要点同类辨析be to d
22、o，be going to与be about to（1）be to do表示按计划行事，可能这个计划不是主语的打算；be going to强调主语的主观安排。（2）如果事情不是人为的安排，那只能用will或be going to，不能用be to do。（3）be about to表示即将做某事，正要做某事，也可用来表示很可能发生的事或自然现象。一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用。知识要点知识要点例句：The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10:25 a.m.火车将于上午10：25到达北京。The books you borrowed are to be ret
23、urned before July 5th.你借的书应该在7月5日前归还。They are going to hold a meeting to discuss it.他们将要召开会议来讨论这件事。We were about to leave when it began to rain.我们正要动身，这时天下起了雨。归纳拓展be to do除了“表示安排或计划将要发生的动作”外，还可以表示“注定要发生某事”，表示可能性。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】用be about to do sth./be to do sth./be going to do sth.完成句子Look，it is going
24、 to rain.We are going to have a picnic tomorrow.I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.The meeting is to be held in the coming week.知识要点知识要点2. Nearly 100 million people live here,most of them in the east.差不多一亿人口住在此地，绝大多数在东部。归纳拓展（1）独立主格结构的构成方法：n./pron. +v. -ing/v.-ed/to do/n./adj./adv./prep
25、.phrase。独立主格结构可分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。它们同在句中作状语、同位语或定语。知识要点知识要点（2）独立主格结构在句法上独立于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系，但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境；独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语；独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。例句：School being over，the students left the c
26、lassroom and went home.放学了，学生们离开教室回家了。The weather being fine,we have made up our minds to go for a picnic.天气很好，我们决定去野炊。He stood at the window,the sun shining upon his face.他站在窗前，阳光洒在他的脸上。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】Mr. Smith has two sons, one of _ working as a bus driver now.A.whoB.whomC.themD.whose【解析】根据句式，后面用的是
27、独立主语结构，当句子的主语与名词的逻辑主语不一致时，分词必须有自己的主语。【答案】C知识要点知识要点Such _ the case,I couldnt help but _ him.A.being;supportB.is;to supportC.has been;supportingD.be;supported【解析】Such being the case 为独立主格结构，the case 为逻辑主语，cant help but 为固定短语，but 后接不带 to 的不定式。【答案】A知识要点知识要点要点四 语法复习情态动词(1)can与could表示能力。例句：A computer cant
28、 think for itself，it must be told what to do.计算机不能自己思考，它必须按照人们要求它的去做。表示推测，意为“可能；或许”，用于疑问句或否定句中。cant 后接一般式表示对现在情况的推测。知识要点知识要点例句：Can she be in the computer center?她有可能在计算机中心吗？No，she cant be in it.不，她不可能在里面。表示许可，可与may换用。例句:You can （may） go home now.你现在可以回家了。知识要点知识要点(2)will与would表请求、建议等，用would比用will更委婉客
29、气些。例句：Will you lend me your book?你能把书借我一下吗？用于表示意志或意愿。例句：I will never do that again.我不会再那么做了。would可表示料想或猜想。例句：What would she be going there？她或许去那里做什么吧？知识要点知识要点(3)must与have tomust表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为“必须”“应该”。其否定式must not （mustnt）表示“不应该；不允许；不准；禁止”。例句： Children mustnt speak like that to their parents. 孩子们不该那样和
30、他们的父母说话。表示推测，用于肯定句，意为“一定；必定”。 例句：He must be watering the flowers in his garden.他肯定正在花园里浇花。 You must have been to Hangzhou，havent you?你一定去过杭州，不是吗？知识要点知识要点have to表示“必须，不得不”，在这个意义上接近must。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to表示的是客观需要，have to有更多的时态。例句：I have to wait here because I have no umbrella with me.我必须在这里等因为
31、我没带伞。知识要点知识要点(4)shall，should与ought toshall常用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示“警告、命令、威胁、强制、允诺”等意思。用在第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或提出请示。例句：You shall do as I say.你得按照我所说的去做。Shall we start the meeting now?我们要现在开始开会吗？知识要点知识要点should除了表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，作“应当、应该”讲外，还可用在表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等的从句中，作“应该、竟然会”讲。例句：That he should speak to you like that
32、 is quite astonishing.他竟然那样对你说话，实在让人吃惊。ought to语气比should更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做某事”或者“按道理应该如何”的意思。例句：Students ought to attend class on time.学生应该按时上课。知识要点知识要点(5)may与might表示许可时，用于第一人称，意为“被允许做某事”；用于其他人称，则意指说话人允许“主语”做某事。例句：We may leave the hall as soon as the meeting is over.会议一结束我们就离开大厅。在用于请求许可时，may常可与can/could
33、换用。例句：Can/Could/May I use your pen？我可以用你的钢笔吗？表示可能性时，可用“may/might+动词原形”指现在或将来可能发生的动作情况。例句：He may know the secret.他可能知道这个秘密。（可能性大）Im afraid it might rain tonight.恐怕今晚会下雨。（可能性不大）知识要点知识要点(6)need与dareneed表示“需要”，“必需”。作为情态动词用于否定句或疑问句中。例句：You neednt answer him the question.你不必回答他这个问题。dare表示“敢”。作为情态动词用于否定句、疑
34、问句和条件从句中。例句：Dare you go home alone？你一个人敢回家吗？dare和need常作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定句和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。知识要点知识要点例句：No one dares to swim in that river after the boy is drowned.自从那个男孩被淹死后没人敢在那条河里游泳了。We need to unite with them.我们需要和他们团结在一起。The girl did not dare（to）go
35、home.这女孩不敢回家。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】Mr Buck is on time for everything.How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony （开幕式）？A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must【解析】此题考查情态动词表示推测。can表示推测，多用于疑问句，“可能会吗”，与how连用表示“怎么可能”。should用于推测表示按某种约定、义务或其他前提情况判断，意为“该了”；must表示推测只用于肯定句；may意思不合适。【答案】A知识要点知识要点The public transport in Bei
36、jing is very convenient now,so _ therebe any difficulty in travelling around the city.A.couldntB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt【解析】考查情态动词。should作为情态动词，可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常译为“可能，应该”。语意：现在北京的公共交通非常便利，所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。couldnt通常用来对过去发生的事情进行有把握的否定推测。【答案】D知识要点知识要点After the bell rings,which indicates the ending
37、 of the exam,you _ stay where you are until all your papers are collected.A.shallB.wouldC.willD.can【解析】本句是一条规定，而shall用于肯定句，主语是第二人称时，表示说话人对对方的要求、命令、警告等。句意为：铃声响就说明考试结束了，你要坐在座位上直到所有的试卷都被收走。【答案】A知识要点知识要点It _ be father at the door.It _ be the postman.Its time to deliver newspapers.A.mustnt；canB.cant；canC.cant；mustD.mustnt；must【解析】句意为：门口肯定不是父亲。那一定是邮递员。到送报的时间了。本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。cant表示“不可能”，根据后面的解释可推测出“门口不可能是父亲”。英语中根据一定现象对另一件事进行推测在肯定句中用must。【答案】CThank you !同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全
