2022年语法之定语从句教学设计

《2022年语法之定语从句教学设计》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年语法之定语从句教学设计（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。

1、学习必备欢迎下载语法：定语从句【课程标准】：1.掌握定语从句的基本知识2.掌握定语从句中各关系代词和关系副词的习惯用法【考试大纲】1.关系词的使用，特别是which, that, when, where 等2.介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用3.只用 that 的情况4.只用 which 的情况5.关系代词与关系副词的选用【课标与考纲解读】定语从句在高考中是从未间断过的语法点。主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择；由 whose, where, that,和“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句【教材分析】复合句是英语语言中重要的句子结构之一，定语从句是英语语法学习的一大难关，从句的学习

2、应加强对语法特征和语义特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思考能力。定语从句一直贯穿高中学习，此节课主要是复习定语从句的基本知识点和几个重点。【学情分析】在以前的学习中，学生们已经学过了定语从句这个语法项目。对这个语法有了一定的认识，本节的难点在于学生们对于介词 +关系代词以及关系代词和关系副词的区别难以区分，有所混淆。通过本课的学习，掌握定语从句的各种结构和用法，培养了学生的认知策略；通过定语从句的运用，培养了学生的交际策略，引导他们理解语言规则，熟悉各种语言现象。【重点.难点】1.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的不同功能，如that, which 和 where,when 的用法区别2.介词 +关系代

3、词的用法【教学设计】一关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词 ：指人：who whom 指物：which 指人，指物： that whose 归纳总结：1） 在定语从句中做定语时用_不可省略。whose + n= _ 2 .which; that 的区别观察例句，进行总结There is nothing that can prevent me from learning English. This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the only book I want to buy. They talked about the t

4、eachers and schools that they remembered. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载Which is the bike that you lost? 总结：下列情况下只能用that 引导定语从句，不能用which 1）当先 行 词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等 代词时 ，或 当先 行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much 等代词修饰时There se

5、ems to be nothing that is impssible to him in the world. 2）当先行词被序数词修饰或被形容词最高级修饰时3）当先行词被the only,the very 修饰时This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 4）当先行词前面有who,which 等疑问词或先行词是who 时Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 5）当先行词为人与物时Eg: Beacause of my poor memory, all _you told me has be

6、en forgotten. The only thing _ we can do is to give you some money. What is the first American film _ you have seen. 下列情况只能用which 引导定语从句，不能用that The book, which you bought for me, was lost. This is the house in which I lived when I was young. 1） 在非限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用which 不用 that. 注：限制性定语从句对先行

7、词起修饰作用;而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。友情提示 ：非限制性定语从句中有时所修饰的不是前面一个词而是整个句子。He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. 2)当动词短语中的介词提前时用which, 不用 that Eg. Anyway, that evening , _ I will tell you later , ended up staying at Rechel s place. A. it B. that

8、C. which D. when John said he had ben working in the office for an hour, _was true. A. he B.this C. which D. who She was educated at Beijing University, _she went to have her advanced study aborad. A after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 思考：介词应如何选择？4. 介词 +关系代词Great changes are taking

9、place in the city _ _ we live. This is our parents _ _ we depend when we are in trouble. Here is the money _ _ to buy a piano. Our factory produces half a million pairs od shoes every year, 80%_ _are sold aboard. 总结：在“ 介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用_,_.即：介词 +_/_ 在这结构中，介词的选择可依据下列几点：1）看介词和定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配。

10、2）看介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配。3）表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of 。4）看介词与定语从句中的形容词的习惯搭配。介词 +关系代词还可以出现在下列情况：I have many friends, some of whom are teachers. We saw an old man sitting in the street corner, in front of which was a hat. China has a lot of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 1） 用 “ 不定代词some/all/any +of which

11、/whom ” 结构引导的非限制性定语从句。2） 用 “复合介词 +whom/which ”结构引导的非限制性定语从句3） 用 “形容词最高级、比较级+ of which/whom ” 结构引导的非限制性定语从句友情提示 ：I have many friends, some of whom are teachers. _are teachers. _are teachers. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载Eg. 改正下句中的错误之处：1.This is the teacher to whom

12、we have learned a lot. 2. I live in a room ,the windows of that face south. 3.The old man had 3 sons, two of them died in the war. 4.The colorless gas(气体 ) which we cannot live is called oxygen. 5.There are 60 students in our class, all of who get on well with each other. 6.October1,1949 was the day

13、 which the People s Republic of China was founded. 思考：上面第六个句子中除了用on which 之外还可用别的词替换吗？填上下面句子并比较二关系副词引导的定语从句：when where why October1,1949 was the day _ _ the People s Republic of China was founded. October1,1949 was the day_ the People s Republic of China was founded. October1,1949 was the day _we wi

14、ll never forget. This is the school_ _ I used to work when young. This is the school_ I used to work when young. This is the school _ is famous in Zhangqiu. I don t know the reason _ _he is absent today. I don t know the reason _he is absent today. The reason _he told me is unbelievable. 归纳： 1）关系副词引

15、导的定语从句经常可以用“ _+_” 来代替2) 先行词表示时间，地点，原因时，引导词不一定就是when,where, why 要看他们在句中担当的成分。关系代词在句中作_,_,_.关系副词在句中作_. Eg: 词排序组句子：1.the teacher the reason for class late why didn t he was believe _. 2.I the place we met can t where forget for the first time _. 3.Jinan I my birthday the day when went to was _. 4.I thr

16、ee books the forst was given like I most which of _. 5.a computer spent bought I money my I all which on _. 三知识运用：请选你最喜欢的一个人（例如父母，同学，师长- ） ，用英语写三个定语从句，其中可以包括以下内容：对人物的简单介绍，喜欢该人物的理由例： The person whom I like is- She is a girl who is always - I can tell you the reason why - 高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句：精选学习资料 -

17、- - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载定语从句的考点之一正确区分关系代词that 引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用 whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that 与 which 指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如：（1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper? Well, _ is OK with me. A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D.

18、where ; something 选 A。（2）The wrong youve done him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 选 B。定语从句的考点之二正确区分关系代词(that 或 which)与关系副词when(表时间 )、where(表地点 )、why(表原因 )。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for whic

19、h)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that 或 which。 ）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是 reason就用 why 来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如：（3）He should stand near the stage _ he could watch and follow the play. A. where B. when C. that D. there 选 A。（4）Do you think the reason _ he gave i

20、s believable. A. for which B. which C. why D. what 选 B。（5）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 选 D。定语从句的考点之三当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如：（6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came

21、 out in the 16th century. A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written 选 D。（7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan. （8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office. 定语从句的考点之四定语从句中不能

22、再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如：（8）He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C. which I think it D. I think which is 选 B。（9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I wor

23、ked in five years agoAthat；where Bwhere；that Cwhere；where Dthat；that 选 D。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载（10） There are dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. that B. which C. where D. when 选 C。定语从句的考点之五对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词

24、构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词 +关系代词 。先行词指物，用介词 +which, 指人则用 介词 +whom, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：（11） This flower doesnt do well in soil other than the one_ it has been specially developedAfor which B that Cof which D where 选 A。（12） Anyway, that evening, _I will tel

25、l you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 选 D。定语从句的考点之六关系代词as的考查。关系代词as 引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as 引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which 则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As 引导的定性定语从句有正如 之意，而which 引导的没有。例如：（13） Our teacher set

26、us such a difficult maths problem _ we could not work out. A. that B. which C. as D. even 选 C。（14） Carl said the work would be done by October , _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 选 D。（15） _ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progres

27、s. A. It B. As C. That D. What 选 B。定语从句的考点之七解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如：（16） The teacher wanted to teach us _ he knew at this last lesson. A. all which B. all what C. of which D. everything which 选 B。（17） Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will

28、always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 选 B。（18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again. A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 选 C。（19） _is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach A. It B. What C. As D. Which 选 A （2

29、0） _is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 选 C。（21） _is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach. A. It B. What C. As D. which 选 B。虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载就能把握

30、定语从句的用法。【迁移运用】练习：1.We shouldn t spend our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. A. that B.which C. what D. whom 2.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 3.Have you seen the film Titanic , _leading acto

31、r is world famous. A. its B. it s C. whose D. which 4.The United States is made up of fifty states, one of _is seperated from the others by the Pacific Ocean. A. them B. those C. which D. whose 5. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _was beyond his wildest dram. A. which B. that C. wh

32、ere D. it 6.I drove to Jinan for the first air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 7. Rencently I bought an ancient vase, _was very reasonable. A. which price B. its price C. the price of whose D. the price of which 8.Some pre-school children go to a d

33、ay care center,_ they learn games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where 9. All the passengers and suitcases _were still waiting on the broken-down old bus had to be transferred to another long-distance bus. A. they B. who C. that D. which 10. Just like a voyageat sea, our life journey, _days

34、 are limited, is full of difficulties. 选择填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten. A. th

35、at B. which C. what D. as 4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily? A. when B. where C. which D. who 5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 6. Those _ want to go please sign their nam

36、es here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when 7. Where is the man _ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man _ you

37、are going to make friends is my father s neighbour.A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which 11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载C. the nurse is talking to D. wh

38、o the nurse is talking 12. The man _ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed 13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who 14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three question

39、s _ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you? A. that B. whom C. when D. whose 16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. that B. which C. whatever D. all 17. The foreign guests, _ were government offic

40、ials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 18. This is the very letter _came last night. A. who B. which C. that D. as 19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I. A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. t

41、he one 20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago. A. where B. / C. when D. what 21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago. A. where B. that C. which D. on which 22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island. A. which B. in which C. that D. / 23. Jack is pleased with _ you ha

42、ve given him and all _ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which 24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow? A. that B. which C. its D. whose 25. In the dark street, there wasn t a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form

43、whom 26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country? A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 29. Alice re

44、ceived an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. A. it B. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were 31. I live in the house _ windows face south.

45、A. which B. whose C. where D. in that 32. - What game is popular with them? - The _ most is tennis. A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it 33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had. A. which B. which time C. during which tim

46、e D. during which 34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when 35. Don t forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. when B. that C. at which D. where 36. I ve finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名

47、师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载A. that B. what C. which D. when 37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected. A. which B. as C. that D. it 38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn. A. What B. As C. That D. Which 39. The old man had three

48、 sons, all of _ died during World War . A. whose B. that C. whom D. who 40. I have bought two pens, _ write well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which 41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind? A. why B. which C. for that D. of which 42. He failed in the

49、exam, _ proves that he wasn t working hard enough.A. which B. what C. it D. that 43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed 44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam. A. It B. Which C. As D. That 45. He studied hard

50、and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected. A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what 46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me. A. when B. as C. w

51、hose D. what 48. He is absent _ is often the case. A. what B. which C. who D. as 49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city. A. that B. which C. what D. when 50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 51. I shall never forget those years _ I li

52、ved in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who 52. This is the only book _ I can find. A. that B. which C. it D. with which 53. I don t like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way

53、of which 54. That is one of those books that _ worth reading. A. is B. are C. has D. have 55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best. A. is B. are C. has D. have 56. There was _ to prevent the accident. A. something could do B. anything we could do C. nothing we couldn t d

54、oD. nothing we 英语定语从句常见错误例析一 . 误用关系词1. Ill never forget the days when we spent together on the farm. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载2. This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month. 分析：定语从句的先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是when 或 where .关系词的选择主要取决于定语

55、从句中的谓语动词。如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语，就用关系代词 that 或 which 作宾语。 如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物动词，就用关系副词。在句1 和句2 中，从句谓语动词spent 和visit 都是及物动词，而且后面又没有宾语，所以应分别将when 和where 改为 that 或 which . 二 . 宾语重复1. As we all know it ， the earth is round. 2. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carrie

56、d out the next month. 分析：如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，则谓语动词后面就不能再有宾语。在句1 中， 关系代词as 作从句谓语动词know 的宾语， 因此， it 就是多余的， 应去掉。 在句 2 中，关系代词that 在从句中作动词see 的宾语， 因此it 也是多余的，应去掉。三 . 缺少先行词或关系词1. Is this park where his father works ？2. I went to the village they grew up. 分析：定语从句前面必须有先行词和关系词。在句1 中，关系副词where 前缺少先行词，所以应在where 前面加上

57、先行词the one （代表this park ） 。 在句2 中，先行词the village 和定语从句之间缺少关系词，谓语动词grew up 为不及物动词，所以应在先行词the village 后面加上关系副词where . 四 . whose 的误用1. I live in a house whose the window faces south. 2. This is the student whoses parents died in the fire. 分析： whose 在定语从句中作定语时，应将其放到被修饰的名词前面，该名词前不能再有其他限定词。因此句1 中应去掉window

58、 前面的定冠词the .句 2 中的whoses 是错误的，因此应去掉“ s ”。五 . 忽略标点符号的作用1. The old man has three sons， all of them are workers. 2. Dont carry the pan out of the kitchen ， in that case you might have the house on fire. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载分析：在使用定语从句时，如果主句和从句之间用了逗号，就意味着逗号后面是

59、一个非限制性定语从句。如果关系词出现在介词的后面，则应为关系代词whom， whose （指人）或which （指物），不应该为that 或 them .因此句1 中的them 应改为whom ，句2 中的that 应改为which . 六 . 错认先行词1. I was the only one in the office that was invited to the party. 2. Do you remember one afternoon in America where a terrible earthquake took place？分析：一般来说，先行词后面紧跟着关系词，其次

60、再跟定语从句。但有时出于意思上的需要而在先行词和关系词之间插入了其他成分。在这种情况下确定哪一个是先行词，便是正确理解句子的关键。在句1 中，先行词是the only one 而不是the office .因此应将that 改为who ，以免引起误解。在句2 中，先行词是one afternoon 而不是America ，故应将where 改为when . 七 . 不注重固定搭配1. Such person like him cant be depended on. 2. He went to the same university which his brother did. 分析：当先行词

61、被such 或 the same 修饰时，其后的定语从句常由as 引导，因此， such as 和 the same as 是固定搭配。所以，应将句中1 中的like 改为as ；将句2 中的which 改为as . 八 . 主谓不一致1. I， who is your brother ， have the right to prevent you from doing that. 2. She is one of the students who has passed the exam this time. 分析：定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词在人称和数上保持一致。句1 中的先行词是I ，因此

62、定语从句中的谓语动词 is 应改为am .但当先行词是one of 后面的the students 时，定语从句的谓语动词常为复数形式；如果one 前面有the only ， the very ， the last 修饰，则说明先行词是one ，定语从句谓语动词常为单数形式。因此，句 2 中的 has 应改为have 或在one 前面加修饰语the only 或 the very . 九 . 与其它从句混淆1. This is the house in which he lives. 2. This is the house where he lives. 3. This is where h

63、e lives. 4. This is in which he lives. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页学习必备欢迎下载分析： 这四个句子中， 前三个句子是对的。第四个句子是错的，因为 in which 不能在此句中引导表语从句。由于 in which 前面缺少先行词，因此也不能认为in which he lives 是定语从句。十 . 误用as 和 which1. Bamboo is hollow ， as makes it very light. 2. Which we all know ， the

64、earth is round. 分析：as 和 which 用来引导定语从句时，它们之间的区别在于：引导定语从句的as 可以放到主句前面也可以放到主句后面，而引导定语从句的which 只能放到主句后面。as 引导的定语从句表示“ 正像 那样，正如 ” 。例如：as is often the case （这是常有的事），as we all can see （我们可以看得见），as is known to all （大家都知道），as has been pointed out （正如所指出的那样），as is announced （正如所宣布的那样）。因此句1 中的as 应改为which ， which 在意思上指前面整个主句的内容，如果用as ，无论从意思上看还是搭配上看都不对；句 2 中的which 应改为as . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页