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1、四六级复习资料ppt课件Stillwatersrundeep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深Wherethereislife,thereishope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望nTheprimarypurpose:Convincetheaudienceorreaderofthethesis.Thewritermustpaymoreattentiontotheneeds,concerns,andvaluesoftheaudiencethaninessaytoexpress.nWhilethepurposeofotheressaysistoinformortoentertainanaudi
2、enceortoexpressthewritersfeelingsandexperiences.n论文是指作者对某一问题发表自己的见解,论证自己见解的合理性,它所表达的是作者主观的看法,它往往要首先要简短的描述他人观点,树立靶子,然后批驳别人在这一问题上的看法,指出其合理成分,更多的是批判,最后论证自己的观点。由此可以看出,理由描写是介于说明文和议论文中的一种过渡。Writingstructures:n1.简短引言。n2.作者论点的明确陈述。n3.不同论点的明确陈述。n4.议论结果。n5.结论。n议论文的突出特点就是要树立靶子,进行批驳。我们称之为CounteringtheOpposition
3、。议论文的写作和说明文的写作模式基本相同,但是要加入countertheopposition段落。也就是说,议论文我们写成六段,引言段,反拨段,论证三段和结论。议论文要注重论据的使用,经常用的方法有定义法,事实法,举例法,引言法,数字法等,参见课本P220。典型课文分析参见课本P223。I. Steps of writingPut forward ones opiniondemonstrate ones opinions(reasons)draw a conclusionn注意:n1.形成自己的中心论点。n2.围绕相应读者的切身利益和知识水平展开论证。n3.论据应与议论文的中心论点保持一致。n
4、4.对论据展开论证时,一定要做到内容充实得当。n5.层次清晰,富于连贯性。(使用过渡词)英语写作常见句型n(一)段首句n1.关于_人们有不同的观点。一些人认为_nTherearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto_.Somepeoplesuggestthat_.n2.俗话说(常言道),它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。nThereisanoldsaying_.Itstheexperienceofourforefathers,however,itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday.n3.现在,_,它们给我们的日常生活
5、带来了许多危害。首先,_;其次,_。更为糟糕的是_。nToday,_,whichhavebroughtalotofharmsinourdailylife.First,_Second,_.Whatmakesthingsworseisthat_.n4.现在,_很普遍,许多人喜欢_,因为_,另外(而且)_。nNowadays,itiscommonto_.Manypeoplelike_because_.Besides,_.n5.任何事物都是有两面性,_也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。nEverythinghastwosidesand_isnotanexception,ithasbothad
6、vantagesanddisadvantages.n6.关于_人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)_,在他们看来,_nPeoplesopinionsabout_varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplesaythat_.Tothem,_.n7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题_,这个问题变得越来越严重。nManisnowfacingabigproblem_whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.n8._已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。n_hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople,especially
7、amongtheyoungandheateddebatesarerightontheirway.n9._在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。n_hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.n10.根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出_。很显然_,但是为什么呢?nAccordingtothefigu
8、re/number/statistics/percentagesinthe/chart/bargraph/line/graph,itcanbeseenthat_while.Obviously,_,butwhy?n(二)中间段落句n1.相反,有一些人赞成_,他们相信_,而且,他们认为_。nOnthecontrary,therearesomepeopleinfavorof_.Atthesametime,theysay_.n2.但是,我认为这不是解决_的好方法,比如_。最糟糕的是_。nButIdontthinkitisaverygoodwaytosolve_.Forexample,_.Worstof
9、all,_.n3.对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,_而且_,最重要的是_.n_isnecessaryandimportanttoourcountriesdevelopmentandconstruction.First,_.Whatsmore,_.Mostimportantofall_.n4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以_.。nThereareseveralmeasuresforustoadopt.First,wecan_n5.面临_.,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来_.。一方面_.,另一方面,_.nConfrontedwith_,weshouldt
10、akeaseriesofeffectivemeasuresto_.Foronething,_Foranother,_n6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说_.,另外_.。所有这些方法肯定会_.。nItishightimethatsomethingwasdoneaboutit.Forexample._.Inaddition._.Allthesemeasureswillcertainly_.n结尾句n1. 就来讲我,我认为_是合理的。只有这样做,我们才能_nFormypart,Ithinkitreasonableto_.Onlyinthiswaycanwe_.n2. 总而言之,我相信_,只要_我们就能_
11、,正如古语说的好_。nInconclusion,Ibelievethat_.Wecan_onlyif_,justasaproverbsays_.n3. 人们开始意识到_的重要性,他们已经开始尽最大努力_我们相信_nPeoplearecomingtorealizetotheimportanceof_.Theyhavebeguntotrytheirbestto_.Webelievethat_.n4. 总而言之,我们离不开_但是同时我们必须尽力找出解决可能出现问题的新办法。Allinall,wecannotlivewithout_.Butatthesametimewemusttrytofindout
12、newwaystocopewiththeproblemsthatwouldarise.n5.随着社会的进步,_因此,_变的十分紧迫和必须。如果人人都为社会贡献自己的力量,社会将会越来越美好。nWiththedevelopmentofsociety,_.Soitsurgentandnecessaryto_.Ifeverymemberiswillingtocontributehimselftothesociety,itwillbebetterandbetter.n6. 从上述讨论中,我们可以自然地得出这样的结论_nFromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasona
13、blyarriveattheconclusionthat_.n7. 是到_的时候了,这是一些可能立即实行的措施。nItishightimethat_.Herearesomeofthemeasuresthatmightbetakenimmediately.n8. 解决_问题的简易方法不是唾手可得。但是对_的普遍认识可能是超正确方向迈出的第一步。nNoeasymethodcanbeathandtotheproblemof_.Butthecommonrecognitionoftheimportanceof_mightbethefirststepontherightway.n9. 如果我们不能采取有用
14、的方法来控制时态,一些不好的结果就会出现,因此我们应该做的是_。nIfwecannottakeusefulmeans,wemaynotcontrolthistrend,andsomeundesirableresultmaycomeoutunexpectedly,sowhatweshoulddois_.n10.事实已经审查,利弊已经权衡,偏见已经抛弃,不难得出这个结论,那就是_nWhenthefactsareexamined,itsadvantagesanddisadvantagesweighed,andbiasedopinioncastaway,itisnotdifficulttodrawth
15、econclusionthat_.n11.就我而言,我在某种程度上同意后一种观点。我认为_nAsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreewiththelatteropiniontosomeextent.Ithinkthat_.n12.一言一避之,整个社会应该密切关注_问题。只有这样,我们才能_nInaword,thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemof_.Onlyinthiswaycan_infuture.n一些关于六级写作的复习建议n1.注意平时的语法积累,很多学生在框架结构上都没有出现问题,而且句型结构也复杂多变,表达意
16、思也比较精准,但是文中却出现了若干处的语法错误,这样其实是不可以的!提醒每位备考六级作文的考生更多关注细节,尤其是语法细节。n2.注意星级词汇、短语的积累。虽然很多学生以高分通过了六级考试,但如果翻其作文译成汉语,用词和小学生的作文没有太大的差别。大家平时在复习六级考试的过程里,看到一些重要的星级词汇和短语,就应该养成随时记录的好习惯,并在实际操作过程中给与应用。n3、注意从句结构的使用。从句就是所谓的复杂句。作为六级的考生,一定要注意尽可能熟练掌握三大从句。尤其熟练掌握定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、原因状语从句、倒装结构这五大系列结构。n4、注意多模写。很多学生习惯了去看一些范文,这个方法其
17、实没有问题,当你自己没有办法写出很好的文章时,站在别人优秀的基础上是绝对可行的。但是很多学生只是强行去模仿背诵,但是偏偏却忘记了一个更重要的要素,那就是要学会去模写,要把背诵到的知识放到自己的文章里,这样,才能真正意义上变成自己的知识。Practice:nThe Rise of Shanzhai Culturen1.最近兴起了一股“山寨热”;n2.你如何看待山寨现象n审题概述n本文是一篇论述山寨现象以及人们和你对此看法的文章。n第一段,概述方兴未艾的山寨热。n第二段,阐述山寨产品的优势以及给人们带来的好处。n第三段,论述人们和你对山寨现象的反对立场和观点,即山寨产品的非法性。nTheRiseo
18、fShanzhaiCulturenThevastarrayofknockoffname-brandproducts,suchascellphones,DVDs,MP3players,havemade“shanzhai”thehottestwordoftheyear.Nowwewearshanzhaiwatches,talkthroughshanzhaicellphones,playshanzhaivideogames,useshanzhaicomputers,evenwatchshanzhaiTVshows.Onceatermusedbeforesomeelectronicproductsto
19、suggestacopycatversionofinferiorquality,shanzhainowsuggeststomanyChinesecreativityandtrendiness.nWiththemediaallovertheriseofshanzhaiculture,publicopinionsareclearlydivided.Advocatesinvariablyassociateitwithinnovation,stylishness,theDIYspirit,open-mindednessandpracticality,asshanzhaiproductsoftenmix
20、imitationwithinnovationasimilarskinbutadifferentheart.Theendproductsareusuallymorefunctionalandmuchcheaperthantheoriginal.Besides,theyrespondtothemarketmoreswiftlyandtheyaremoreconsiderateinndesign.Thankstothem,morepeopleatthegrassrootslevelcanenjoythebenefitofmoderntechnology.nHowever,otherpeople,i
21、ncludingmyself,holdmorereservedattitudestowardstheshanzhaifever.Forallthepopularityithaswon,acopycatisacopycat.Themockeryoftheprestigeproductsnotonlystealstheirprofitsbutalsoupsetsmarketcompetition.Moreover,shanzhaiproductsthriveonthecurrentlegalloopholes.nUnderthedisguiseofanti-dominanceslogans,the
22、ymakeillegalprofitsbyviolatingintellectualpropertyrightsandevadingtaxes.Andtotopitoff,theso-calledinnovationisonlysenselesstalkastrueinnovationalwaysfaceshugecostsandpotentialfailures,whileplagiarismsimplybuildssuccessonotherpeoplesrisks.n第一段思路点评:综述山寨热现象。语言点提示:publicopinionsareclearlydivided此句起承上启下的
23、作用第二段思路点评:主要阐述山寨产品的优势。语言点提示:(1)miximitationwithinnovation混淆模仿与创新(2)respondtothemarket对市场做出反应n第三段思路点评:主要阐述对山寨产品侵权、扰乱市场等方面的看法。语言点提示:(1)Themockeryoftheprestigeproducts拙劣地模仿名牌n(2)thriveon茁壮成长、蓬勃发展、繁荣(3)legalloopholes法律漏洞(空子)(4)Underthedisguiseofanti-dominanceslogans在反垄断口号的伪装下(5)violatingintellectualprop
24、ertyrights违反知识产权(6)evadingtaxes逃税(7)plagiarism剽窃、抄袭文凭与知识的关系文凭与知识的关系KnowledgeandDiploma1.目前社会上存在这样一种说法:文目前社会上存在这样一种说法:文凭越高越吃香凭越高越吃香;2.而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识而有些人则认为文凭不等于知识.3.你的观点你的观点n审题概述n这是一篇论述高文凭与知识关系的文章。n第一段,概述社会上文凭越高越吃香的看法。第二段,主要论述有些人文凭不等于知识的观点。n第三段,重点阐述你对此的看法。KnowledgeandDiplomanItisgenerallybelievedthat
25、ahighdiplomaguaranteesapromisingfuture.Somepeopleidentifyhighdiplomaswithprofoundknowledgeandexceptionalcompetence.Companiesalsotendtoemphasizetheacademicachievementofajobcandidate.Likeitornot,theredoesexistasocialrealitythehigherdiplomasonegets,themorepopularhebecomes.nOnthecontrary,otherpeopleclai
26、mthatahighdiplomadoesntautomaticallytranslateintoknowledge.Adiploma,intheireyes,isonlytheacknowledgmentofoneseducationalexperienceratherthanaguaranteeofonesability.Therefore,wecannevermeasurethedepthofonesknowledgebythegradeofonesdiploma.Besides,manyknowledgeablepeopledonthaveahighdiploma.TakeBillGa
27、tesforexample.Hisdroppingoutofcollegecannotdenythefactthatheisoneoftheworldsmostlearnedmen.nSoImustsaynooneshouldeverequateadiplomawithknowledge,becauseadiplomaisnothingbutaproofofashort-termstudywhilegenuineknowledgeneedsoneslifelongdevotion.Exercise:n大学生追求名牌现象大学生追求名牌现象nUniversity Students Pursuit
28、of Famous Brandsn1.现在很多大学生都追求穿名牌,用名牌;n2.你对这种现象的看法n审题概述n这是一篇论述对大学生追求和使用名牌看法的文章。n第一段,详述大学生热衷追求、使用名牌的情形以及人们的看法。n第二段,重点谈你对此的看法。nUniversityStudentsPursuitofFamousBrands“Whatperfumesareyouwearing?”“ArentyourshoesNikeslatestrelease?”“IliketheMickeybagyouboughtyesterday.”“IheartheJack&Jonesstoreisonsalethis
29、week.Doyouwannacomealong?”Dontfeelsurprisedifyouhearthemcomingoutofthemouthofcollegestudents.nItsquitecommontohearandseecollegestudentsswappinginformationaboutthebrandstheylikeandtheproductstheyuse.Infact,discussionsaboutbrandnameshavebecomeoneofthecollegestudentsfavouritepastimes.Theylearnaboutthel
30、atestfashionfromeachother,exchangetipsaboutwhenandwheretogettheitem,andbuyitattheirearliestconvenience.n“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”istheirconviction“IftheJoneseshaveit,howcouldIhavenot?”Aboutthiscurrentmindsetofthecollegestudents,manypeoplemayhastentoshowtheirdisapproval.Theyllprobablytakeittobearefle
31、ctionofthestudentsvanityandsuperficiality.Andtheymaylecturethemonthevirtueofbeingthrifty.nHowever,Ibegtodiffer.Foronething,name-brandproductsareusuallyqualityproducts.Theyaresomethingbeautiful,endurable,andreliable.ntherefore,theresnothingtoblameaboutthepursuitoffamousbrands.Fortheother,collegestude
32、ntsareoldenoughtomaketheirowndecisions.Likewise,theymustabidebytheconsequencesiftheymakeanill-advisedone.Iftheylettheirpursuitofbrandseatintotheirbudgetforothermoreimportantissues,theyshouldbeabletocorrecttheirmistakesandkeepeverythinginmoderation.Sothisbecomesnootherthanagoodchancetolearnmanagement,isntit?