2022年人教版英语九年级知识点归纳goforit

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1、Unit1 1. by + doing 通过方式如： by studying with a group by 还可以表示：在旁 , 靠近 , 在期间 、用,经过 ,乘车 等如： I live by the river. I have to go back by ten oclock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论如： The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后

2、讨论电影。talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如： What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如： Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如： Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如：Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如： Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a l

3、ot 许多常用于句末如： I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。5. tooto 太而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.= =not enough如： Im too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。6. aloud, loud 与 loudly 的用法三个词都与 大声 或响亮 有关。aloud 是副词 ,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud 没有比较级形式。如 : He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud 可

4、作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与 speak, talk, laugh 等动词连用 ,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly 是副词 ,与 loud 同义 ,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。7. not at all 一点也不根本不如：I like milk very much. I dont like coffee a

5、t all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。not 经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾8. be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.= I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。9. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以

6、唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。10. first of all 首先 . to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间either 也（用于否定句）常在句末too 也 (用于肯定句 ) 常在句末精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 31 页12. make mistakes 犯错如： I often make mistakes. 我经常

7、犯错。make a mistake 犯一个错误如：I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）如： Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我 ! 14. take notes 做笔记，做记录15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快如： He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。16. native speaker 说本族语的人17. make up 组成、构成18. one of +

8、(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式其中之一如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。19. Its +形容词 +(for sb. ) to do sth. ( 对于某人来说 )做某事如： Its difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。句中的 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English 20. practice doing 练习做某事如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。21. d

9、ecide to do sth. 决定做某事如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。22. unless 假如不，除非引导条件状语从句如： You will fail unless you work hard.假如你不努力你会失败。I wont write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写23. deal with 处理如：I dealt with a lot of problem. 24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人 / 某事如： Mother worried about

10、his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。26. perhaps = maybe 也许27. go by (时间 ) 过去如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事如：如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。29. each other

11、彼此30. regard as 把看作为 . 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。31. too many许多修饰可数名词如： too many girls too much许多修饰不可数名词如： too much milk much too太修饰形容词如： much too beautiful 32. changeinto将变为如： The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。33. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某

12、人的帮助下如： with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下34. compare to 把与相比如： Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。35. instead 代替用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是用在句中，动词如： Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghai instead. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

13、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 31 页去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。新目标九年级英语语法总结Unit2 1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事否定形式：didnt use to do sth. / used not to do sth. 如： He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。Did he use to

14、 play football? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. He didnt use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。2. 反意疑问句肯定陈述句否定提问如： Lily is a student, isnt she? Lily will go to China, wont she? 否定陈述句肯定提问如： She doesnt come from China, does she? You havent finished homework, have you? 提问部分用代词而不用名词Lily is a student, isnt she? 陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：l

15、ittle, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。如：He knows little English, does he?他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白，不是吗？3. play the piano弹钢琴4. be interested in sth. 对感兴趣be interested in doing sth. 对做感兴趣如：He is interested in math, but he isnt interested in speaking English. 他对

16、数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人interesting adj. 有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物6. still 仍然，还用在 be动词的后面如： Im still a student. 用在行为动词的前面如：I still love him. 7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗8. 害怕be terrified of sth. 如： I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如： I am terrified of spea

17、king. 9. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处walk to school 步行到学校11.spend 动词，表示 花费金钱、时间 spendon sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）spenddoing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge. 他花费了三个月去建这座桥。Pay for

18、花费如： I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。12. take 动词有花费 的意思常用的结构有：take sb. to do sth. 如： It takes me a day to read the book. take to do sth.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 31 页13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊如： I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人 /某事worry

19、 是动词be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人 /某事worried 是形容词如： Dont worry about him. 不用担心他。Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。15. all the time 一直、始终16. take sb. to + 地方送/带某人去某个地方如：A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to) 17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有hardly ever 很

20、少hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前助动词 /情态动词 hardly hardly + 实义动词如：I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。18. miss v. 思念、想念、错过19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内常与完成时连用如：I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。20. be different from 与不同21. ho

21、w to swim 怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形make him laugh 23. move to +地方搬到某地如： I moved to Beijing last year. 24. it seems that

22、+从句看起来好像如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English 。她帮助我学习英语。26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词15 岁的fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15 岁的人fifteen years old 指年龄15 岁如：a fifteen-year-old boy一

23、个 15 岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是 15 岁。27.支付不起cant /couldnt afford to do sth. cant / couldnt afford sth. 如： I cant/couldnt afford to buy the car. I cant/couldnt afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。28. as + 形容词 ./副词 as sb. could/can 尽某人的能力如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

24、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 31 页Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦30. in the end 最后31. make a decision 下决定下决心32. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶如：to their surprise令他们惊讶to LiLeis surprise 令李雷惊讶33. take pride in sth. 以而自豪如：His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而

25、自豪34. pay attention to sth. 对注意，留心如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。35. be able to do sth. 能做某事如： She is able to do it. 她能够做到。36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。37.不再no more = no longer 如：I play tennis no more/ longer. 我不再打网球。 not any more = no

26、t any longer如：I dont play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。38. go to sleep 入睡新目标九年级英语语法总结Unit3 1.语态：英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态的构成由助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时 am are +过去分词is English is spoken in many countries. 一般过去时 was +过去分词were + 过

27、去分词This bridge was built in 1989. 情 态动 词can/should may +be+过去分词must/ The work must be done right now. 被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLy is al

28、lowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 31 页让 /使（别人）做某事get sth. done(过去分词 ) have sth. done 如： I get my car made. = I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车4. enough 足够形容词 enough 如： beautiful enough足够漂亮enough名词如： enough food 足够食物enough t

29、o 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。6. 看起来好像sb. seem to do sth. He seems to feel very sad. it seems that +从句 It seems that he feels ve

30、ry sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。7. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持 ), kept 等。连系动词除be 和 become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。如：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. 8. 倒装句 : 由 so助动词 (be/do/will/have)/ 情态动词主语意为：也是一样She is a studen

31、t. So am I.她是一个学生，我也是。She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。She will go to school. So will he.她将去学校，他也是。9. yet 仍然，还常用在否定句或疑问句当中10. stay up 熬夜如： I often stay up until 12:00pm. 我经常熬夜到12 点。11. clean up 打扫整理如：I have cleaned up the bedroo

32、m. 我已经打扫完了卧室。12. 程度副词：always 总是usually 经常sometimes 有时never 从不如： I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是 /经常 /有时 /从不上学迟到。13. 曾经做某事：Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I havent. 14. go shopping(去购物 ), go fishing( 去钓

33、鱼 ), go swimming( 去游泳 ), go boating(去划船 ), go hiking( 去登山 ), go trekking( 去徒步 ) 15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉如：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。16. take the test 参加考试pass the test 通过考试fail a test 考试失败17. the other day 前几天18. agree 同意反义词disagree不同意动词agreement 同意反义词disagreement 不同意名词18. keep s

34、b/ sth. 形容词使某人 /某物保持 .如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 31 页We should keep our city clean. 我们应该保持我们的城市干净。19. bothand+动词复数形式如：Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball. 20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习 (什么 ) 如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语21. have an opport

35、unity to do sth. 有机会做某事have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事如： I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing. 22. at present 目前23. at least 最少at most 最多24. 花费take ,cost, spend , pay sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) The b

36、ook cost (me) 100yuan.sb. spend on sth. She spent 10days on this book.sb. spend doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.25. have +时间段 +off 放假，休息如： have 2 days off 26. reply to 答复某人如： She replayed to MrGreen. 27. agree with sth. 同意某事如： I agree wit

37、h that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见如： I agree to LiLei. 28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍如：Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 30. think about 与 think of 的区别当两者译为：认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。thi

38、nk about 还有 考虑 之意，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。31. 对热衷，对兴趣be serious about doing 如： She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。be serious about sth. 如： She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。32. practice doing 练习做某事She often

39、practice speaking English. 33. care about sb. 关心某人如： Mother often care about her son. 34. also 也用于句中either 也用于否定句且用于句末too 也用于肯定句且用于句末I am also a student. 我也是一个学生I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。新目标九年级英语语法总结Unit4 1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即 虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度

40、或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 31 页说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：句型 条件从句主句谓语动词形式动词过去式 (be 动词用 were) would+ 动词原形即： (从句 )if + 主语 +动词过去式 (be 动词用 were), 一般过去时(主句 ) 主语 +would+ 动词原形过去将来时如： If I had t

41、ime, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。 (事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员) 2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事I pretended to sleep just now. pretend +从句假装I pretended that I

42、 fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party. 4. a few 与 a little 的区别， few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些修饰可数名词a little 一些修饰不可数名词两者表肯定意义如： He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的修饰可数名词little 少数的修饰不可数名词但两者表否定意义如： He has few friends. 他没

43、有几个朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. still 仍然 ,还用在 be 动词之后，行为动词之前如：I am still a student. 我仍然是个学生I still love him. 我仍然爱他。6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿 )词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与 of 连用，表示数量很多 如： several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百 /千/百万 /十亿人

44、hundreds of trees 上百棵树7. what if + 从句如果怎么办， 要是又怎么样如：What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？8. add sth. to sth. 添加到如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。9. 系动词与形容词连用get nervous 变得紧张feel shy 觉得害羞look friendly 看起来友好10. too +形 /副+to do sth. 太而不能如：Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而

45、不能站。11. help with sth. 如： They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如： They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松12. in public 在公共场所如: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 31 页Dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。13. energetic adj. 活力的如： She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。energy n. 活力如：She has lots of

46、 energies. 她有活力。14. ask sb. to do 叫做某事ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事tell sb. to do 告诉做某事tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉不要做某事如： Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. 15. start doing = start to do. 开始做某事如：He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。16. borrow sth. fro

47、m sb. 从某人那里借来某物如：I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。17.wait for sb. 等某人如： I am wait for him. 我正在等他。18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人如：I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事如：Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭have lun

48、ch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词许多如：They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。22. 给某人某物give sth. to sb. 如：give an apple to me give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果23. get along with sb. 与相处如：Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？24. would rather do sth. than do

49、 sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事如：I would rather walk than run. 25. whole 整个26. in fact 事实上27. let sb. down 让某人失望如：Dont let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。28. come up with sth. 提出想出如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。catch up with sb. 追上赶上如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。29. have experience doing 在做某事有经验如：I

50、have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。30. come out 出版，出来如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出版一次。31. by accident 偶然地， 无意之中如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。32. hurry to do 匆忙I hurry to call the police. 33. more than 超过精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

51、-第 9 页，共 31 页34. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , cant 表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们含义有所不同must 一定肯定(100%的可能性 ) may, might, could 有可能，也许(20%80%的可能性 ) cant 不可能，不会(可能性几乎为零) The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it. The CD might/could/may belong to Tony becaus

52、e he likes listening to pop music. The hair band cant be Bobs. After all, he is boy! 2. whose 谁的疑问词作定语后面接名词如： Whose book is this? This is Lilys. 3. belong to 属于如：That English book belongs to me. 4. 当 play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词如：play the guitar play the piano play the violin 当 play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词如：play f

53、ootball play basketball play baseball 5. if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时如：If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 如果你不快点，你将会迟到6. if you have any idea= if you know 如果你知道7. on关于（学术，科目）8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事如： I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。9. because of , because because of + 名词 /代词 /名词性短语because +从

54、句如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。10. own v.owner n. listen v.listener n. learn v.learner n. 11. catch a bus 赶公车12. neighbor 邻居指人neighborhood 邻居指地区也可指附近地区的人13. local 当地的如： local teacher 当地的教师14. noise n. 噪音是个可数名词noises 15. call the police 报警如： Qui

55、ck! Call the police! 快！叫警察！16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如： There is a cat eating fish. There must be something visiting our home. 18. escape from 从哪里逃跑出来如：He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。19. an

56、 ocean of + 名词极多的，用不尽的如： an ocean of energy. 20. unhappy 不高兴的反义词happy 高兴的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 31 页21. final adj. 最后的finally adv. 最后地22. dishonest 不诚实的反义词honest 诚实的。23. get on 上车get off 下车24. use up 用光、用完如：They have used up all the money.他们已经用完了所有的钱。25. attempt to do

57、试图如： The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。26. wake 动词唤醒常用的词组：wake up意为醒来如：Please wake me up at 8 oclock.请在 8 点钟叫醒我。27. look for 寻找指过程find 找指结果如：I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。 （指找的过程）I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。 （指找的结果）28. hear 听指听的结果listen 听 指听的过程如：Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果

58、，听或没听到）I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。 （指听的过程）29. try ones best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事如：He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。30. 名词所有格名词所有格的构成有两种形式是在名词后面加s 或是以 s 结尾的名词，只在名词的后面加 如： Anns book安的书 , our teachers office 我们老师们的办公室注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加s,如：Lily and Lucys father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）有 of

59、 介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格如：a picture of my family 我家人的相片有时也有 s 表示无生命的东西的所有格如：todays newspaper,the citys name 1. prefer 动词更喜欢宁愿prefer sth. 更喜欢某事I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事I prefer sitting/ to sit. 我宁愿坐着。prefer sth to sth. 同相比更喜欢I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某

60、事而不愿做某事I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。2. along with 伴随同一道I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。3. dance to sth. 随着跳舞She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。4. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服5. music n. 音乐musician n. 音乐家musical 6. tak

61、e to 带去 . 如：My father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。Please take this box to my office. 请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 31 页7. remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒使记起 . This song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。8. clear adj. 清楚的，清澈的clearly adv. 清楚地9. be impor

62、tant to sb. 对重要be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要10. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地fortunately adv. 幸运地11. look for 寻找My pen is lost. Could you help me look for it? 我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗？12. though = although 作连词虽然，尽管放在句子中间 /句首，不能和but 连用Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了，但他还在工作Mr. Smith , thoug

63、h he was young, did it very well. 史密斯先生虽然年轻，却做得很好。13. fun n. 有趣funny adj. 有趣的14. be sure to do 一定做某事肯定做某事如：It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪Be sure not to forget it. 千万不要忘记呀! 15. known adj. 有名的著名的know v. 知道认识16. on display 展览17. over the years 很多年来，常与现在完成时连用如：Over the years, theyve planted many trees on the

64、 hills. 多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。18. energy n. 活力energetic adj. 有活力的19. most of 的大多数20. keep healthy 保持健康21. get together 聚在一起22. discuss v. 讨论discussion n. 讨论23. be bad for sth. 对有坏处的be bad for doing sth. 做有坏处24. for example 例如25. take care of = look after 照顾关心如：She often takes care of / looks after her son

65、. 26. stay away from 远离如：Stay away from me , I have a cold. 请远离我，我得了感冒27. to be honest 老实说如：To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。28. dislike 不喜欢反义词like 喜欢29. fisherman 渔夫复数形式fishermen 30. photography n. 摄影photograph n. 照片相片photographer n. 摄影师31. be in agreement 意见一致常与介词 on /about 连用如：They

66、are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。32. even if 甚至33. mainly adv. 主要地首要地main adj. 主要的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 31 页新目标九年级英语语法总结Unit7 1. tired 累的tiring 令人疲惫的bored 讨厌boring 令人厌烦 /讨厌的excited 兴奋的exciting 令人兴奋 /激动的amazed 惊讶的amazing 令人惊讶的2. education n. 教育educational

67、 有教育意义的3. 想要做： would like to do 想要： would like sth. 常用的句型有：What would you like to do? 你想要做什么？I would like to visit GuiLin. 我想去参观桂林。What would you like ? 你想要什么？I would like some tea. 我想来些茶。Would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会？(表邀请 ) Yes, Id love/ like to . No, thanks. Would you like some tea

68、or coffee? 你是要点茶还是咖啡？Yes, Id love/ like. No. thanks. Where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢？(本单元的重点句型) 4. go on vacation 去度假go on a trip 去旅行go on a picnic 去野炊5. hope to do 希望做某事I hope to go to Beijing. 我希望去北京。hope (that) + 从句希望 . I hope that I can go to Beijing. 我希望我能去北京。=I hope to go to Beijing.

69、I hope (that) she can pass the test. 我希望她能通过考试。6. I love places where the people are friendly. 我喜欢人们友好的地方。where 关系副词，引导定语从句where 引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词如：the place, the city 等That is the school where I studied 10 years ago. 那就是我10 年前所就读的学校。7. 不定代词参看课本P141 注：形容词必须放在不定代词、不定副词的后面8. consider doing 考虑做某事I am co

70、nsidering changing my job. 我正在考虑换工作。9. cost (sb.) 钱、时间The book cost me 10 yuan 这本书花了我10 元。10. in general 一般来说，大体上，通常11. be supposed to do 应该做 . = should 如：Scientists are supposed to know a lot. 科学家们应该知道更多。12. take a trip 去旅行13. provide sb. with sth 供应某人某物= provide sth for sb. 如： They provide us with

71、 water. They provide water for us. 14. how far 问路程多远how old 问年龄多少岁how long 问时间多久多长how often 问频率多久一次精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 31 页15. be away 离开如：I was away 2days ago. 我两天前离开了。I will be away for a few days.我将离开一些天。16. inexpensive adj. 不贵的反义词expensive adj. 贵的17.let sb. do 让

72、某人做某事Let me help you. 让我帮你吧。let sb. not do 让某人不要做某Let us not laugh. 让我们不要笑了。18. in the future 将来She will a good mother in the future. 在将来她将会是一个好妈妈。19. 用 to 表示的有：answers to question 问题的答案the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙20. as soon as possible 尽可能的快21. continue doing = go on doing 继续做某事如：She continued singi

73、ng. = She went on singing. 她继续唱歌。22. according to 根据23. be willing to do 愿意做某事如：I am willing to help you. 我愿意帮你。24. on the other hands 另一方面25. hold on to sth. 保持，不要放弃Please hold on to my hand. 不要放开我的手。26. come true 实现如：My dream have come true. 我的梦实现了。短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：1.动词 +副词如： give up 放弃turn off

74、 关掉stay up 熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。2. 动词 +介词如： listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3. 动词 +副词 +介词 如： come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽4. 动词 +名词 (介词 ) 如： take part in 参加catch hold of 抓住1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人 )高兴、振作如： cheer me up 使我高兴clean up 打

75、扫clean-up n. 打扫2. homeless adj. 无家可归的a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家3. hand out 分发hand out bananas give out 分发give out sth to sb. 分 .给某人give up doing 放弃give up smoking 放弃吸烟give away 赠送捐赠give away sth. to . give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西give me money 给我钱give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西give mon

76、ey to me 给我线4. sick adj. 生病的作表语、定语ill adj. 生病的作表语，不能作定语5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 31 页volunteer n. 志愿者6. come up with 提出想出= think up 想出catch up with 赶上追上7. put off doing 推迟做某事put on 穿上(指过程 ) put up 张贴8. w rite down 写下记下9. call up 打电话make a te

77、lephone call 打电话10. set up 成立建立The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000 年成立的。11. each 每个各自的强调第一个人或事物的个别情况常与 of 连用every 每个每一个的一切的则有全体 的意思不能与of 连用12. put to use 把投入使用，利用They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help him

78、with English help do 帮助做某事help study 14. plan to do 计划做某事plan + 从句I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。15. spend doing 花费做I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend on sth. 花费在I spent 3 years on English. 16.not only but (also) 不但而且用来连接两个并列的成分(1)引导以not only b

79、ut (also) 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此Not only do I feel good but (also) . 是倒装句。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。(2)Not only but (also) 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化也就是就近原则如：Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not only you but (also) Lily like

80、s cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有：Neither nor即不也不(两者都不 ) Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。Either or 不是就是(两者中的一个) Either Lily or you are a student. Not only but (also)There be 17. join 参加(指参加团体、组织) 如： join the Party 入党take part in 参加(指参加活动 ) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

81、 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 31 页18. run out of = use up 用完用尽I have run out of money.= I have used up money. 我已经用完了钱。run away 逃跑The monkey has run away from the zoo. 这只猴子已经从动物园里逃跑了。run to + 地方跑到某地19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等 )相像be similar to 与 .相像take after 相像look after 照顾take care of 照顾20. work

82、 out 算出结局The situation worked out quite well. 情况的结局非常好Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗？21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22. be able to do 能 会be unable to do 不能 不会23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事如：thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我24. for s

83、ure 确实如此，毫无疑问You dont have money. Thats for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。25. fill with 使充满用填充She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。26. like prep. 像27. help sb. out 帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境 ) I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28. train n. 火车train v. 训练train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事She

84、trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。29. at once = right away 立刻 马上如：Do it at once. 马上去做。Ill go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。30. one day 有一天(指将来 /过去 ) some day 有一天 (指将来 ) 如：One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。Some day Ill go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。31. specially adv. 特意地专门地特别地special adj. 特别

85、的32. donation n. 捐赠物donate v. 捐赠赠送33. part of speech 词性词类34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的disable v. 不能1. 被动语态(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 31 页(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不及物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词) (3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词一般过

86、去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by 的宾语，放在句末，by 表示 由，被 的意思如何理解被动语态？为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。2. 本单元要掌握的句型见课本 P69 中的 Grammar Focus 3. invent v. 发明inventor n. 发明家invention n. 发明 可数名词4. be used for doing 用来做 (是被动语态 ) 如：Pens are used for writing.

87、笔是用来写的。Pens arent used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。5. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如： I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。6. all day 整天7. salty adj. 咸的salt n. 盐8. by mistake 错误地如：I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。9. make sb./sth. +形容词使怎么样It made me happy. 它使我高兴make sb./sth.

88、 +名词让做It made me laugh. 它让我发笑10. by accident 意外偶然I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。11. not until 直到才做如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12. according to + 名词根据如：according to an legend 根据一个神话according to this article 根据这篇文章13. over an open fire 野饮14. leaf n. 叶

89、子复数形式leaves 15. nearby adj. 附近的如：the nearby river 16. fall into 落入掉进如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒如：She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。17. quite 非常adv. 与冠词 a连用时，冠词a 必须放在它的后面如：quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩very 非常adv. 与冠词 a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面如：a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩注：当不与冠词

90、a 连用时，两者可以互用如：I am very happy.= I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。18. in the way 这样19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快pleasant adj. 愉快高兴指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快please v. 使高兴使同意精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 31 页20. battery-operated adj. 电池控制的是名词 +动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第 6 世纪2

91、2. travel around 周游23. more than = over 超过如：more than 300 = over 300 超过 300 24. including prep. 介词包括可以与名词和动名词连用如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6 个人包括一个小孩受伤了。25. have been played 被上演是现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词26. be born 出生He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生27. safety n. 安全sa

92、fe adj. 安全的28. knock into 撞上 (某人 ) 29. divide sth. into 将划分成 . 通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分如：Lets divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4 组。30. since then 自从那以后常与完成时态连用如：Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。新目标九年级英语语法总结Unit10 1. 过去完成时(1) 构成：由助动词had + 过去分词构成否定式： had not + 过去分词缩写形式： hadnt (2) 用法过

93、去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(3) 它所表示的时间是过去的过去 。表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。When I got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。By the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了2. by the time 直到时候指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间如

94、：By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper. 在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。3. 英语中表示 把某物遗忘在某处常用 leave + 地点而不是 forget+地点如： Unluckily, I left my book at home . 不幸的是，我把书忘在家里了。4. close v. 关adv. 接近地靠近地closed adj. 关的5. come out 出来6. on time 按时准时既不早也不迟in time 及时指在时限到来之前精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -

95、- - -第 18 页，共 31 页7. luckily adv. 幸运地lucky adj. 幸运的luck n. 好运8. give sb. a ride 让某搭便车如：He often gives me a ride to school. 他经常让我搭便车去学校。9.only just 刚刚好、恰好10. go off (闹钟 )闹响The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了。11. break down 坏掉12. fool n. 傻子呆子v. 愚弄欺骗如：He is a fool. 他是一个呆子。We cant fool our teach. 我们不能欺骗

96、我们的教师。(动词 ) 13. show up 出现出席She didnt show up last night. 昨晚她没有出现14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某做事如：My friend invited me to watch TV. 我的朋友邀请我看电视。15. set off 激起出发set up 建立16. so that 如此以致于引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词. so that 作为了 时，引导目的状语从句，从句常出现情态动词，作结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词。如： She got up early so that she coul

97、d catch the bus. 为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句 ) She was so sad that she couldnt say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句 ) 17. flee from 从逃跑避开 They fled from their home. 他们从他们家逃了出来。18. thrill v . 使人非常激动，使人非常紧张thrilled adj. 指某人感到激动或感到紧张thrilling adj. 指某事物使人心情激动19. get married 结婚20. convince v. 使信服convincing adj. 令人信

98、服的21. land v. 着落22. be late for 迟到23. a piece of 一片 /块/张 如：a piece of paper/ bread 一张纸 / 一块面包1.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词 + 主语 + 谓语构成常由下面的一些连接词引导：由 that 引导表示陈述意义that 可省略He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。由 if , whether 引导表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等) I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。

99、由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词 ) 引导表示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 31 页She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她

100、想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时 ,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished my homework. Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？2.

101、get v. 得到、买、到达3. make a telephone call 打电话4. save money 省钱、存钱5. 问路常用的句子：Do you know where is ?Can you tell me how can I get to ?Could you tell me how to get to ？Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park? 请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的 how to get to the park

102、是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，可是相当于 how I can get to the park（宾语从句）如：I dont know how to solve the problem. =I dont know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题Can you tell me when to leave? = Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开？6. 日常交际用语：take the elevator / escalator to the floor.乘电梯 /自动扶梯到楼t

103、urn left / right = take a left / right 向左 / 右转go past 经过go straight 向前直走7. next to 旁边、紧接着如： Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。8. between and 在和之间如: Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。9. decide to do 决定做She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定10. Is that a

104、 good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？中的 to hang out 修饰前面名词place， 不定式作定语. 如：There are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。中的to eat修饰代词something，作定语 . 11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为 有点、一点 如： She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。12. expensive 贵的反义词inexpensive 不贵的13. crowded 拥挤的反义词uncrowded 不拥挤的14. take a vacation = go on a vac

105、ation 去度假15. dress up 打扮dress up as 打扮成 . 如： He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。16. on the beach 在海滩上的介词用on 17. politely adv. 有礼貌地polite adj. 有礼貌的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 31 页18. depend on sth / doing / 从句根据、依靠、依赖、决定于Living things depend on the sunligh

106、t. 生物对阳光有依赖性。We cant depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答。That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。19. prefer 动词更喜欢宁愿常用的结构有：prefer sth. 更喜欢某事I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事I prefer sitting/ to sit. 我宁愿坐着。prefer sth to sth. 同相比更喜欢I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。prefer doing to doin

107、g 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。20. on the other hand 另一方面21. 把借给某人lend sb. sth. lend sth.to sb. 如：Lily lent me her book. = Lily lent her book to me . 莉莉把她的书借给了我。22. such as 例如23. Im sorry to

108、do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。24. in a way 在某种程度说25. in order to do 为了做表目的如：He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。26. 等级 /同级比较： asas ， not as/soas as + 形容词 / 副词原级+ as 表示 和一样的 和一样的 如：He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。否定式： not as + 形容词 / 副词原级+ as = not so + 形容词 / 副词原级+ as He doesn

109、t work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力。27. hand in 上交Unit12 1. be supposed to do .应该如：We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。知识拓展表示应该的词有：should, ought to ,be supposed to 2. shake hands握手shake 本意是 摇动、震动 3. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear. 你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的should have asked是情态动

110、词现在完成时表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做如： She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。 （没有去）4. be relaxed about sth.对某事随意、不严格如：They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。5. pretty adv. 相当 ,很 veryShe is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。adj. 美丽的She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。6. make plans to do = plan to do. 打算做某事如：She has made p

111、lans to go to Beijing.=She has planed to go to Beijing. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 31 页7. drop by 访问看望拜访串门We just dropped by our friends homes. 我们刚刚去朋友家串门。8. on time 按时9.after all 毕竟终究如： You see I was right after all. 你看，毕竟还是我对了。10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事如：Lily invi

112、ted me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。11. without 没有Without your help, I can t finish the work on time. 12. around the world = all over the world 全世界13. pick up 捡起挑选如： He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。14. start doing = start to do 开始做某事如He started reading.= He started to read. 他开始读。15. point at 指向16. stick v.

113、剌截n. 棒，棍chopstick 筷子是由 chop(砍)stick( 棒)合成，通常用复数形式：chopsticks 17. go out of ones way to do 特意，专门做某事如：He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。18. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（一个）19. be different from 与不同如：Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同. 20. get/be used to sth. 习惯于

114、get/be used to doing习惯于be used to do 被用于做be used for doing被用于做used to do 过去常常做如：I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it. 我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。She used to watch TV after scho

115、ol. 她过去放学后常常看电视。21. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。常见的形式宾语有：find / think + it/them + 形容词to do sth. 如：I think it hard to study English. 22. cut up 切开切碎如： Lets cut up the water melon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。23. make a toast 敬酒24. crowd v.挤满其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded 25. set n. 一套v. 设置26. cant stop doing 忍不住做某事I cant stop laughing.

116、我忍不住笑27. make faces做鬼脸28.face to face 面对面29. learnby oneself 自学如：I learn English by my self. 我自学英语。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 31 页Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 目标语言： ask for information politely 知识点：1 宾语从句的定义：宾语从句就是在复合句中作主句的宾语。2 宾语从句的引导词：1）连词 th

117、at 引导的宾语从句， 在口语和非正式文件中可以省略。2）由连接代词what, which, who, whose 或连接副词when, where, why, how 等词引导的宾语从句。 3)由连词 if 或 whether 引导。如， I hope that you will have a good holiday. He asked who could answer this question. They don t know if they will visit the history museum tomorrow. 3 宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序应当用陈述语序。即，从句的连接

118、词后面是主语+谓语+宾语的语序。注意连接词在句子中当主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。如He asked who could answer these questions. Could you tell us what time the plane leaves? 4 Perhaps, maybe, probably: perhaps 表示“可能，也许” ，之意但不能肯定，它修饰整个句子。Maybe 为副词， 表示“或许， 大概” 之意， 一般用于句子的开头，常用于口语。 Probably有可能性较大的意味，可以位于句首，也可以位于谓语动词前，情态动词，助动词或be 动词的后面。5 both, e

119、ither, neither: both 表示“两者都” ；either 表示“两者中的任何一个”；neither 表示“两者中任何一个都不”。 1）作形容词时，neither,either 修饰名词的单数形式，both 则修饰名词的复数形式。2）作代词时，neither,either 通常被视为单数，both 用作复数。作代词时，both 还可以作同位语，neither, either 则不可以。 3）neither nor 意思为“既不也不”；eitheror 意思为“或是.或是”；bothand意思为“双方都.;既 .又”三者均为并列连词。即连接两个相同的句子成分。当neither no

120、r, eitheror 连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常和最邻近的主语在人称及数上保持一致。Bothand.连接句子的两个主语时，其后的谓语动词通常使用复数形式。6 dress, have on, put on, wear: dress作及物动词用时，指“给某人穿衣服”，dress 既可以表示动作， 也可以表示状态。Dress 表示替别人穿衣服时，接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。如，The mother dressed her son quickly and took him to the kindergarten. Dress 表示自己穿衣服这个动作时，接反身代词作宾语， 或者用作不及物动

121、词。 如， Lily is old enough to dress herself. Dress作不及物动词用，意思是“穿衣，穿礼服”。unit 12 Youre supposed to shake hands. 目标语言： Tell what you are supposed to do 重点句型： P95-2b&2c, P97-1&2b 要求背诵的是P98-3a 知识点：1 be supposed to do sth.： be supposed是 suppose一词的被动语态结构。后接动词不定式时，含义相当于should 后接不定式。但should 后面的不定式要省略不定式符号to，且属于

122、主动语态形式，使用起来较严肃和正式；而be supposed to do sth 的使用教随便，建议性强。否定式为 be not supposed to do sth. ，另外 ought to do sth 也是其一个同义表达的形式，但要注意表示过去时，ought 后接完成式的不定式，使用时需要灵活掌握和运用。如You are not supposed to shake hands.= You shouldn t shake hands.= You ought not (oughtn t) to shake hands.你不应与之握手。2 Unfamiliar 的用法：为形容词，意思为“不熟

123、悉的； 没有见过或听过的” ， 其同义为 strange，其反义词为familiar.1) be unfamiliar to 表示 “不深知的； 生疏的” 如，That face is unfamiliar to me.那副面孔我很生疏。2）be unfamiliar with 表示“没听过，没听见，不熟悉的”如，I 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 31 页am unfamiliar with their music.我没听过他们的音乐。3 used to do sth, be used to do sth, be/g

124、et used to sth./ doing sth.: 1) used to do sth 意思是“过去常常做某事；过去曾经做某事”，表示过去发生的动作，其中的to do sth 为不定式结构。如，I used to take piano lessons.我过去上钢琴课。 2） be used to do sth意思为“被用来做某事” ，其中的 to do sth 是不定式结构。 如，Paper is used to make kites.纸用来做风筝。 3）be/get used to 表示“习惯于”， 如果 get/be used to后面接动词时， 则要使用动词 -ing 形式。如，S

125、he is used to living in the country. 她习惯居住在农村。4. most, mostly, the most:1)most 可修饰动词， 意思是“最，第一”如，That problem troubles him most.那个问题最使他头痛。Most 常可作 very 用，修饰kind, helpful, grateful, beautiful等表示主观感觉的形容词和副词。这时不表示比较，不能和the 连用。如It s most kind of you.你真好。Most 作代词用，意思为 “大多数的， 最多的，最大的”。 其反义词为fewest,least.2

126、)mostly为副词，表示“大体上，大部分”等意思。如She is mostly out on Sunday.星期天她多半不在家。 3）the most 表示“最大数量，最大限度”。如， This is the most I can do. 这是我力所能及的。5Except, besides,but 都含有“除了， 除外” 的意思。 1）except 意思为“除外 （不再有）” ，其前常接all, any, every, no 及其复合词等词。如I answer all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题灭有答上外，其余问题我都答上了。2）be

127、sides意思为“除外（还有）”如， I have a few friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个朋友。3）but 后接名词，代词和原形动词，可以和except 互换，但except 后接副词，介词短语时，不能用but 来代替。如， Mary did nothing except/ but clean the dishes. 玛丽只洗盘子。6point at, point to, point out: point意思为“指着，指向” ，在用事物名词作主语时，一般和point to 连用，在用人物名词作主语时，常用point at.如， Our teacher is

128、 pointing at the map on the wall.我们的老师在指着墙上的地图。The land of the clock points to six. 时钟的针指向六。 2）point at 可以分开来理解，也就是point 后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at 表示方向， point to没有这种用法。3）point out 是“指出“的意思，属于“动副”结构的短语，虽可跟宾语，但若是代词，须放point 和 out 之间。如， Can you point out the church in this picture?你能指出这张图画中的教堂吗？知识点：1. make 的用法： 1

129、）make+名词 /代词 +形容词或形容词短语如， The good news made us happy.这条好消息使我们很高兴。2）make+名词 /代词 +省略 to 的动词不定式如，They made us laugh.他们让我们大笑起来。3）make+名词 /代词 +介词短语或名词短语如，The boss made her his assistant.老板让她作自己的助理。4）make+名词或代词 +过去分词短语如， Can you make yourself understood in English? 你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗？5） make it+时间如， Lets make

130、 it half past two. 让我们把时间约定在2：30 吧。2. would rather, prefer: 1 ）prefer 是一个行为动词，后接带to 的不定式，表示一个具体的特定行为，意思为“更喜欢”。如， He preferred to have a part-time job. 他宁愿找一份兼职工作。2）两者接不定式时，分别与 than 和 rather than 搭配， 即 prefer to do rather than do意思为“宁愿做而不愿做.”,would rather dothan do意思为“宁愿做而不愿做”.如，Liu Hulan preferred t

131、o die rather than surrender.= Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender.刘胡兰宁死不屈。 3）preferto相当于likebetter than意思为“喜欢.更胜过喜欢.” 。其后接名词，代词，动词-ing 形式。如， I prefer tea to coffee.我喜欢喝茶胜过喜欢喝咖啡。4）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 31 页prefer 和 would rather 后都可接从句，从句要用虚拟语气。Prefer 后接从句时，用shoul

132、d 加动词原形的形式，should 也可以省去，而wouldrather 后接从句时，要用过去时态表示现在和将来， 用过去完成时态表示过去。如 I would rather you came on Sunday. 我倒希望你星期天来。 I prefer that we(should)do it in another way. 我更希望我们用另一种方式做这件事。3. learnfrom, learn of, learn by: 1）learnfrom 后接表示人的名词，意思为“向学习” ；后接表示事物的名词，意思为“从中学习”。如， We must learn from Comrade Lei

133、Feng. 我们一定要向雷锋同志学习。We have learnt a lot from your lecture. 我们从你的报告中学到了很多东西。 2） learn of 后接表示人或事物的名词，意思为“听说，了解到”，相当于hear of。指间接地获得信息，有时可用介词about 代替 of，但 learn about 还有“学习有关方面知识”的意思。 如，We were sorry to learn of his failure. 听到他失败的消息我们非常遗憾。3）learn.by后接表示事物的名词或动词。接表示事物的名词时，意思为“从学习”,可与 learn from 互换； 接动词

134、 -ing 形式时，意思为“通过方式学习” 。 如 You should learn a language by speaking it.你应当通过说的方式来学习一种语言。另外，learn by heart 是“熟记； 背下来” 的意思。如 You should learn all the words by heart. 你应当把所有的单词都背下来。4. other, another, the other, others, the others: 1)other 作前置定语时，修饰单数或复数名词。如 I will come again some other days. 我改日再来。 2）ano

135、ther 用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个” ，其所修饰的名词前不加冠词。如I don t want this one. Please give me another.我不想要这个，请给我另一个。3）the other 表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分” ，是特指。 如 There are six people in the room.Four are girls, the other two are boys. 房间里有六个人，四个是女孩，其余两个是男孩。4）others 用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他事物” 。如， Some are singing and dancin

136、g, some are drawing ,others are climbing the hill. 一些人在唱歌，跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。5）the others 指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。如There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. The others are boys.我们班有五十五名学生，三十人是女生，其余的是男生。5. compareto意思“把比作 .” 着重注意两者间的相似点。如，Young people are often compared to the sun

137、at eight or nine in the morning. 年轻人常被比作早晨八，九点钟的太阳。 ）comparewith 意思为“拿.与相比，把与相比较”，侧重指两者间的区别。如，Compare your composition with hers and you will see whose is better.如果把你的作文与她的加以比较的话，便知谁的较好了。6.carry, bring, take , get, fetch: carry 的意思是“携带，搬运，负担”，即把某人带在身边后把某物带在身上，指随身携带，并将它从一处带到另一处。携带的方式可以是提，扛，背，抱，抬等。Car

138、ry 不说明带的方向。）bring 的意思是把某人或某物“带来， 拿来” ，强调方向， 即从别处拿到说话人这儿来，而不强调带的方式，其后可跟双宾语。 ）take的意思是把某人或某物“带走，拿走”，即说话人这儿带到别处去。）get 和 fetch 的意思相近， 表示到某处去把某人找到并带来，或把某物找到并取来。Get 常用于口语中。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 25 页，共 31 页知识点：1 现在完成时的构成：have/has+动词的过去分词2 现在完成时的肯定句：主语（第一，二人称单复数，第三人称复数）+have 主语（第三人称

139、单数）+has +动词过去分词3 现在完成时的否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词4 现在完成时的疑问句及回答：Have/Has +主语 +过去分词？5 现在完成时的用法：1）表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响，可以细分为下列两种情况：a.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束，常和just, now , already, yet等连用。如， I have finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。b.表示过去动作的结果现在仍残留着，一般不和时间状语连用。如I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在还没有

140、找到这支钢笔）。2）表继续（动作未结束） 。如 I have lived here since 1989.我自从 1989 年就住在这。（表示现在仍住在这） 【注意】表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还继续下去的动作或状态。6 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：两种时态都表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的联系，对现在产生的结果，影响等，而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。表示过去固定时间状语只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。表示过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, a week ago, on Friday, just now,

141、 in the evening, the other day。现在完成时的时间状语：since Monday, until now, for a long time, since I came here, since last week, up to now, lately, recently. 7 look for, find , find out, search: look for表示“寻找”，强调找的动作或过程。2）find 表示“找到”，强调找的结果。3）find out 表示“找出，查明”之意，指经过调查，观察，询问或研究等手段发现或找到。4）search 是指对某一处所，人身进行搜

142、查或指寻找想找的人或物，后面可以接介词for，但比 look for 语气更强些。8 go on 的其他用法： go on 意思为“继续”时，有下列几种用法：1）go on doing sth.意思为“继续做某事”2）go on to do sth 意思为“继续做（另一件事）3）go on with sth 有时与go on doing 互换使用，意思为“继续做某事”。9 in the last/past +数字 +名词表示“在过去的.时间里”，常用于现在完成时的句子中。10get back 意思为“取回” ； get back 意思为“回来” ，相当于 return 11 yet, alre

143、ady:yet 用于否定句和疑问句中。Already 主要用于肯定句中，用于疑问句中时常表示惊讶。 2） yet 常放在句尾，也可以紧跟在not 的后面，而already 则常放在句中。Unit 15 Were trying to save the manatees! 1 be proud of, be proud to do sth, be the pride of :1） be proud of 表示“以为自豪 /骄傲”2）be proud to do sth 表示“骄傲 /自豪去做某事”3）be the pride of 表示“是 .的骄傲”2 be suitable for 适合的，恰

144、当的3 be made from, be made of:1) be made from指制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特性，原材料发生了本质的变化，在成品中已无法辨认。2） be made of 意思为“由构成，由制成”，但 be made of 是指未经变化，仍可以看出原材料是什么，保持了原材料的质或形状。4 长，宽，高的表达法：数字 +量词 +形容词。如20 metres wide 二十米宽5 Little, small, tiny: little是一般用语，与great 和 big 相对； small 含有“比较小”的意味，与 large 相对； tiny 常和 little 通用

145、，但 little 侧重指形体小的，常带有爱惜，赞赏，轻蔑等情感的意味； tiny 表示非常小，带有较强的感情色彩；small 是就实体而言，按平均大小对比，精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页，共 31 页是“比较小的” ，侧重度量，面积，数字等；little 也表示“小” ，往往指不可数的量。6 Feed on吃过日子；用喂养7 Foot 的用法： on foot 步行foot by foot 一步一步地at the foot of 在脚下on ones feet站立着set foot in 踏进stand on ones

146、own feet 自立ould rather 的用法一、 would rather 意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为 d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式其否定形式是would rather not do sth 。would rather 没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather 。“would rather+ 动词原形” 是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。例Mr Li would rather not listen to

147、rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。If you d rather be alone, we ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。He d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿而不愿，与其宁可”的意思时，则可用 would rather than或 wouldrather than的句型例I would ra

148、ther watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。请注意1） would rather than /would rather than也可以颠倒为：rather thanwould。Would(rather) 和 than 后都接不带to 的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。例I would rather have noodles than rice.

149、 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。He would rather drink wine than beer 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。2)使用 would rather than句型时要注意 “平行结构” ，即在 than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。例I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。I would ra

150、ther talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与 would rather than中的 would 要放在主语之前例Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？四、 w

151、ould rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型Would rather+从句 ,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿,还是好些” “一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that 常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。例John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 27 页，共 31 页看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中 came 不是表示过去而是表示

152、将来) Wed rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。Dont come tomorrow. I d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。请注意1） 如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其 （that） 从句则用过去完成时。例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。2） 如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则 would rather 之后不接th

153、at 从句而接have done结构。例I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。五、 would rath

154、er/sooner 和 prefer/would prefer 的区别would rather 和 would sooner 之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。例 Tom would rather/sooner read than talk 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。Tom prefers reading to talking汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。请注意1）would rather 后跟不带to 的不定式 +than+不带to 的不定式， 而 prefer 后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer 后面也可跟名词，而在would rather 之后要求只带动词原形

155、。例He prefers wine to beer= He would rather drink wine than beer 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。I prefer tennis to golf = Id rather play tennis than golf 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。 2） 某些prefer+名词的情况不能用would rather 完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats （他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和He would rather have dogs than cats （他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同

156、。3） would rather+ 不带 to 的不定式有时可代替would prefer+ 带 to 的不定式。例 I d rather fly than go by sea =Id prefer to fly 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：例 Would you like some gin ？Id prefer a coffee=Id rather have coffee than gin 您想喝点杜松子酒吗？我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。4）would rather/sooner 和 would prefer 后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。例

157、 We went by sea but Id rather have gone by air=I d prefer to have gone by air 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+ 带 to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望prefer 的用法1、后接不定式时与rather than 或 instead of 连用， 如：He preferred to die rather than (to) steal. / He perferred to die instead o

158、f stealing. 他宁死也不去偷窃。2、注意介词搭配，如：I prefer swimming to skating. (I like swimming better than skating.)我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。prefer 因其本身含有比较之意，而不可再与more 或 most 连用。3、prefer名词或动名词“宁愿”， “更喜欢”。He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 28 页，共 31 页是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。I prefer

159、going by bike. 我宁愿骑单车去。I prefer the white one.我喜欢那个白的。4、prefer to do “愿意做”。I prefer to go at once. 我愿意马上就走。5、prefer sb. to do “愿意某人做”I prefer you to go at once. 我倒希望你马上就走。6、prefer to sth.“宁愿做 .而不做 .”. I prefer tea to milk. 我宁愿喝茶也不喝牛奶。I prefer watching TV to going out. 我宁愿看电视也不出去。7、 prefer to do sth.

160、 rather than do sth. “宁愿做 .而不做 .” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。8、prefer that 从句“宁愿” （从句一般用虚拟语气）I prefer that you should do it. 我宁愿你做这件事。would like 的用法不可以跟doing “ would like ”意为“想要” ，其语气比用like 婉转些。具体用法如下：1. 后面接名词或代词，表示“具体要”某样东西。例如：Id like two sweaters for my daughters. （ JB III

161、 ， L59 ）（我想给我的女儿们买两件毛衣。）Would you like one of these mooncakes ？ （ JB II， L10 ） （你想要一块这样的月饼吗？）2. 后面接动词不定式，表示“愿望，喜爱” ，常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。例如：I would like to drop maths. （ JB III ， L12 ） （我想放弃数学。 ）Would you like to come to supper ？ （ JB II ， L21 ）（你愿意来吃晚饭吗？）3. 当主语是第一人称时，would 可与should 换用，它们都可以缩写为d ，并且lik

162、e 也可换成love .例如：Im sure he would love to come. （ JB II ， L69 ） （我确信他愿意来。 ）I should like the red one. （我想要红色的。 ）4. “ would like ”后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：What would you like me to do ？ （ JB II， L45 ）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 29 页，共 31 页（你想要我干什么？）Id like you to meet my parents ， too. （

163、JB II ， L9 ） （我想要你也见见我的父母。）Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成： am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now

164、. They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态 ? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1. Br

165、uce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far. Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees w

166、ill be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave. 三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

167、 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet

168、was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语 (物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,或是间接宾语加被动语态再加只接宾语。He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 或是 I was given a book by him

169、. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 或是 i was shown a ticket by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 或是 Lwas bought a new bike by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh him. He cant be laugh by us 宾语从句宾语从句在

170、复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词 + 主语 + 谓语构成常由下面的一些词引导：由 that 引导表示陈述意义that 可省略He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。由 if , whether 引导表示一般疑问意义 (带有是否、已否、对否等) I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词 ) 引导表示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态精

171、选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 30 页，共 31 页He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时 , 过去进行时，过去将来时，

172、过去完成时) He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？现在完成时态由 have/ has 过去分词表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与 already, just , yet , ever, never 连用Ha

173、ve you finished your work yet ？你完成了你的工作了吗？Yes, I have. I have just finished it.是的。我刚刚完成了。I have already finished it .我已经完成了。Have you ever been to China?你曾经去过中国吗？No, I have never been there.没有，我从来也没有去过。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内） 的一段时间的状态连用如： （for + 时间段， since + 时间点， 或过去某一动作，以及 how lon

174、g ）注：非延续性动词在现在完成时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。应转为相应的延续性动词如：buy- have die- be dead join - be in borrow- keep leave- be away I have bought a pen.- I have had a pen for 2 weeks. The dog has died.- The dog has been dead since last week. have (has) been to + 地点去过某地已经回来have (has) gone to + 地点去了某地没有回来have been in + 地点一直呆在某地没有离开过如：She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来 ) She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来 ) She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 31 页，共 31 页