2022年组织学与胚胎学_组培_英语词汇表_双语

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1、1 Glossary Epithelial Tissue ,epi i:li?l ti? ju上皮组织covering epithelium 被覆上皮simple squamous epithelium skweim ?s单层扁平上皮endothelium ,end ?u i:li? m内皮mesothelium ,mes ?u i:li? m间皮simple cuboidal epithelium kju:b ?idl单层立方上皮simple columnar epithelium k?l?mn?单层柱状上皮pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithel

2、ium 假复层纤毛柱状上皮stratified squamous epithelium str? tifaid复层扁平上皮transitional epithelium 变移上皮cell coat 细胞衣microvillus(microvilli) ,maikr ?uvil ?s微绒毛cilium(cilia) sili ?m纤毛tight junction 紧密连接intermediate junction 中间连接desmosome dezm ?s?um桥粒gap junction 缝隙连接basement membrane 基膜plasma membrane infolding pl?

3、 zm?质膜内褶hemidesmosome 半桥粒Connective Tissue结缔组织connective tissue proper 固有结缔组织loose connective tissue 疏松结缔组织dense connective tissue 致密结缔组织reticular tissue ritikjul ?网状组织adipose tissue ? dip?us脂肪组织fibroblast faibr ?ubl :st成纤维细胞macrophage m? kr?ufeid ?巨噬细胞plasma cell 浆细胞mast cell 肥大细胞fat cell 脂肪细胞groun

4、d substance 基质collagenous fiber k ?l? d?n?s胶原纤维elastic fiber 弹性纤维reticular fiber 网状纤维reticular cell 网状细胞精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页2 cartilage k :tilid?软骨cartilage tissue 软骨组织hyaline cartilage hai ?lain透明软骨elastic cartilage 弹性软骨fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage 纤维软骨chond

5、rocyte k?ndr?sait软骨细胞isogenous group ais ?d?in?s同源细胞群perichondrium ,perik ?ndri ?m软骨膜bone 骨osseous tissue/bone tissue ?si?s骨组织bone matrix 骨质osteoprogenitor cell 骨祖细胞osteoblast ?sti?ubl? st成骨细胞osteocyte ?sti?sait骨细胞osteoclast ?sti?ukl? st破骨细胞circumferential lamella l?mel?环骨板osteone 骨单位Haversian syste

6、m 哈弗斯系统interstitial lamella 间骨板periosteum ,peri, ?sti?m骨外膜endosteum end ?sti?m骨内膜Blood 血液serum si ?r?m 血清blood plasma 血浆Wright s stain 瑞氏染色hemocyte hi:m ?sait血细胞erythrocyte iri r?usait红细胞hemoglobin(Hb) ,hi:m ?u l?ubin, ,hem- 血红蛋白reticulocyte ritikjul ?usait 网织红细胞leukocyte lju:k ?usait白细胞granulocyte

7、r?njul?usait 有粒白细胞agranulocyte ei r?njul?usait无粒白细胞azurophilic granules gr? nju:ls嗜天青颗粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) nju:tr ?fil中性粒细胞eosinophil ,i:?sin ?fil,-fail, -fil嗜酸性粒细胞basophil beis ?fil嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte m?n?usait单核细胞lymphocyte limf ?usait 淋巴细胞blood platelet pleitlit血小板Muscle Tissue 肌组织精选

8、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页3 muscle fiber 肌纤维sarcolemma ,s :k?ulem? 肌膜sarcoplasm s :k?pl?z?m 肌浆sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆网skeletal muscle skelit ?l 骨骼肌epimysium ,epimisi ?m肌外膜perimysium ,perimi ?i?m, -zi ?m肌束膜endomysium ,end ?mizi ?m肌内膜striated muscle straieitid横纹肌myofilam

9、ent ,mai ?ufil?m?nt肌丝isotropic band ,ais ?utr?pik I 带anisotropic band ? n,ais ?utr?pik A带sarcomere s :k?mi?肌节myofibril ,mai ?ufaibril 肌原纤维transverse tubule (T tubule) 横小管longitudinal tubule ,l?nd?itju:din ?l纵小管terminal cisternae t?:min ?lsist ?:ni:终池triad trai ?d, -? d三联体cardiac muscle k :di?k心肌inte

10、rcalated disc 闰盘diad dai? d 二联体smooth muscle 平滑肌Nervous Tissue 神经组织nervous cell 神经细胞neuroglial cell 神经胶质细胞neuron nju ?r?n神经元soma s?um ?胞体neurite nju ?rait突起dendrite dendrait 树突axon ? ks?n轴突Nissl s body 尼氏体neurofibril ,nju ?r?ufaibril 神经原纤维neurofilament ,nu?r?fil?m?nt神经丝microtubule ,maikr ?utju:bju:l

11、微管精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页4 synapsesain?ps, 突触axosomatic synapse 轴体突触axodendrite synapse 轴树突触chemical synapse 化学性突触presynaptic element ,pri:sin?ptik突触前成分synaptic vesicle vesikl 突触小泡synaptic cleft 突触间隙postsynaptic element 突触后成分glial cell lai?l胶质细胞astrocyte ? str?sait星

12、形胶质细胞oligodendrocyte ?li ?udendr?sait少突胶质细胞microglia maikr ? lai? 小胶质细胞ependymal cell epend ?,me ?ri 室管膜细胞Schwanns cell 施万细胞neurilemmal cell ,njur ?l?m? tik神经膜细胞satellite cell s? t?lait卫星细胞nerve fiber 神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber mai ?lineitid,有髓神经纤维unmyelinated nerve fiber 无髓神经纤维central axon ? ks?n轴索

13、myelin sheath 髓鞘neurilemma 神经膜Ranvier s node 郎飞结internode int ?n?ud 结间体nerve 神经epineurium ,epinju ?ri?m 神经外膜perineurium ,per?nju:ri ?m神经束膜endoneurium ,per?nju:ri ?m神经内膜sensory nerve ending 感觉神经末梢free nerve ending 游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve ending ink? ps?leitid 被囊神经末梢tactilet? ktail corpuscle k?:p?sl

14、触觉小体lameller corpuscle k?:p?sl环层小体muscle spindle spindl肌梭motor nerve ending 运动神经末梢精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页5 somatics?um?tik motor nerve ending 躯体运动神经末梢visceral vis?r?l motor nerve ending 内脏运动神经末梢motor end plate 运动终板Circulatory System 循环系统Cardiovascular system ,k :di?

15、uv?skjul?心血管系统heart 心walls of heart 心壁endocardium,end?uk:di?m心内膜endothelium ,end ?u i:li? m内皮subendothelial layer lei ?内皮下层subendocardial layer 心内膜下层Purkinje fibers 浦肯野纤维myocardium ,mai ?uk :di?m心肌膜epicardium ,epik :di?m心外膜artery :t?ri动脉medium-sized artery 中动脉muscular artery 肌性动脉tunica intima tju:ni

16、k ? intim ?内膜internal elastic membrane 内弹性膜tunica media 中膜tunica adventitia,?dventi ? i?外膜external elastic membrane 外弹性膜large artery 大动脉elastic artery 弹性动脉small artery 小动脉arteriole :ti?ri?u微动脉capillary k ?pil ?ri, k? pi-毛细血管continuous capillary 连续性毛细血管fenestratedfinestreitid capillary 有孔毛细血管disconti

17、nuous sinusoidal,sin?s?idl capillary 不连续毛细血管blood sinusoid 血窦vein vein静脉lymphatic ,limf? tik system 淋巴系统lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管lymphatic vessel ves ?l淋巴管lymphatic trunks 淋巴干lymphatic ducts 淋巴导管精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页6 Immune imju:n System 免疫系统lymphoid limf ?id org

18、an 淋巴器官central lymphoid organ 中枢淋巴器官peripheral p?rif ?r?l lymphoid organ 周围淋巴器官lymphatic tissue 淋巴组织diffuse lymphoid tissue 弥散淋巴组织lymphoid nodule n?dju:l, -d ?u:l淋巴小结immune cell 免疫细胞thymus aim?s胸腺capsule k?psju:l 被膜interlobular septum 小叶间隔thymocyte aim?sait 胸腺细胞epithelial reticular cell 上皮网状细胞thymic

19、 epithelial cell 胸腺上皮细胞thymic corpuscle 胸腺小体lymphoid node 淋巴结trabecula 小梁cortical sinus sain?s 皮质淋巴窦subcapsular sinus 被膜下淋巴窦peritrabecular sinus 小梁周窦superficial ,sju:p ?fi?l cortex k ?:teks 浅层皮质paracortex zone p?r ?k?:teks 副皮质区thymus dependent area 胸腺依赖区medullary cord med?l?ri 髓索medullary sinus 髓窦sp

20、leen 脾white pulp p?lp 白髓periarterial lymphatic sheath 动脉周围淋巴鞘central artery 中央动脉splenic corpuscle k?:p?sl 脾小结red pulp 红髓splenic cord 脾索splenic sinus 脾窦marginal zone m :d?in?l边缘区palatine p? l?tain tonsil t?nsil 腭扁桃体mononuclear,m?n?unju:kli ? phagocytic ,f? ?sitiksystem 单核吞噬细胞系统精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

21、- 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页7 Digestive System 消化系统digestivedid?estiv tract 消化管mucosamju:k?us? 粘膜lamina propria 固有层muscularis mucosa 粘膜肌层submucosa 粘膜下层muscularis 肌层adventitia,?dventi ? i? 外膜tonguet?舌lingual li?w?l papilla p?pil? 舌乳头filiform papilla 丝状乳头fungiform filif ?:m papilla 菌状乳头circumval

22、late ,s?:k?mv?leit papilla 轮廓乳头esophagusi:s?f? s 食管stomach 胃fundic f?ndik gland 胃底腺chief cell 主细胞zymogen cellzaim?ud?n 胃酶细胞parietal cellp?raiit?l 壁细胞oxyntic ?ksintik cell 泌酸细胞mucous mju:k?s neck cell 颈粘液细胞small intestineintestin 小肠plicae plaik? circularis 环行皱襞absorptive ?bs?:ptiv cell 吸收细胞striated b

23、order 纹状缘goblet cell 杯状细胞endocrine cellend?ukrain, 内分泌细胞small intestinal gland 小肠腺Paneth cell 潘氏细胞undifferentiated cell 未分化细胞intestinal vilus 肠绒毛large intestine 大肠digestive gland 消化腺pancreasp?nkri ?s 胰exocrine portioneks?krain 外分泌部pancreas isletailit 胰岛glucagon lu:k? ?n胰高血糖素insulin insjulin 胰岛素somat

24、ostatin,s ?um?t?st?tin, 生长抑素精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页8 liverliv ? 肝hepatic hip?tiklobule/liver lobule/l ?bju:l/ 肝小叶hepatic plate/liver plate 肝板limiting plate 界板hepatocytehep ?t?sait, 肝细胞Kupffer cell 库普弗细胞hepatic sinusoidsain ?s?id肝血窦Disse space 狄氏间隙perisinusoidal spac

25、e 窦周隙bile bailcanaliculus,k?n ?likjul ?s 胆小管portal canal area 门管区interlobular vein 小叶间静脉interlobular artery 小叶间动脉interlobular bile duct 小叶间胆管Respiratory resp ?r?t?ri,System呼吸系统tracheatr?ki: ?, treiki ?气管lungl?肺conducting portion 导气部lobar bronchusbr?k?s 叶支气管small bronchus 小支气管bronchiolebr?ki?ul 细支气管t

26、erminal t?:min?lbronchiole 终末细支气管respiratoryresp?r?t?ri, portion 呼吸部respiratory bronchiole 呼吸性细支气管alveolar ?lvi ?l? duct 肺泡管alveolar sac 肺泡囊pulmonary, p?lm?n?ri acinus?sin?s 肺泡alveolar epithelium 肺泡上皮type alveolar cell 型肺泡细胞type alveolar cell 型肺泡细胞surfactants?:f?kt ?nt 表面活性物质alveolar septumsept ?m 肺

27、泡隔alveolar pore 肺泡孔pulmonary macrophage 肺巨噬细胞dust cell 尘细胞blood-air barrier 血气屏障respiratory membrane 呼吸膜精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页9 Urinaryju?rin ?ri System 泌尿系统kidney kidni 肾renalri:n?l cortexk?:teks 肾皮质renal medulla med?l? 肾髓质cortical labyrinth l?b ?rin 皮质迷路medullary

28、 ray 髓放线uriniferous tubule 泌尿小管nephron nefr?n 肾单位renal corpuscle 肾小体vascularv?skjul? pole 血管极urinary pole 尿极renal glomerulus l?merjul?s肾小球mesangium mes?nd?i?m 血管系膜mesangial cell 系膜细胞mesangial matrixmeitriks 系膜基质renal capsule k?psju:l 肾小囊parietal layer p?raiit?l 壁层visceral layer vis?r?l 脏层capsular sp

29、ace 肾小囊腔podocyte p?d?sait 足细胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtrationfiltrei ? n membrane 滤过膜filtration barrier 滤过屏障renal tubule 肾小管proximalpr?ksim?l tubule 近端小管thin segment sem?nt细段distal tubule dist?l 远端小管pars convolute k?nv?,lu:t 曲部pars recta rekt? 直部proximal convoluted tubule 近曲小管brush border 刷状缘lateral proc

30、ess 侧突basal striation 基底纵纹distal convoluted tubule 远曲小管collection tubule 集合管juxtaglomerular ,d?kst? l?merjul? complex 球旁复合体juxtaglomerular apparatus ,?p ?reit?s 肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell 球旁细胞renin ri:nin, re- 肾素精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页10 macula m?kjul ? densa 致密斑extr

31、aglomerular mesangial cell 球外系膜细胞Skin皮肤epidermis,epid?:mis 表皮dermisd?:mis 真皮stratumstreit?m, basale 基底层stratum spinosum 棘层stratum granulosum 颗粒层stratum lucidum 透明层stratum corneumk?:ni?m 角质层melanocytemel?n?usait 黑素细胞Langerhans cell 朗格汉斯细胞papillaryp?pil?ri layer 乳头层reticular layer 网织层hypodermis,haip?u

32、d?:mis 皮下组织Eye 眼eyeball 眼球fibrous tunic tju:nik 纤维膜vascular tunic v?skjul? 血管膜retina retin? 视网膜corneak?:ni? 角膜corneal epithelium 角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina 前界层corneal stromastr?um? 角膜基质posterior limiting lamina 后界层corneal endothelium 角膜内皮layers of retina 视网膜的分层pigmentpim?nt epithelium layer 色素上皮层l

33、ayer of rods and cones 视杆视锥层layer of bipolar baip?ul? cell 双极细胞层layer of ganglion cell ?li?n节细胞层pigment epithelial cell 色素上皮细胞visual cell vizju?l 视细胞photoreceptor cell ,f?ut?urisept? 感光细胞rod cell 视杆细胞cone cell k?un 视锥细胞bipolar cell baip?ul? 双极细胞精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 1

34、4 页11 ganglion cell 节细胞Endocrine Systemend ?ukrain, -krin 内分泌系统endocrine gland 内分泌腺nitrogen-naitr?d?n containine hormone h?:m?un cell 含氮激素细胞steroid secretory sikri:t ?ri cell 类固醇分泌细胞thyroid gland air?id 甲状腺thyroid hormone 甲状腺激素follicular f ?likjul ? epithelial cell 滤泡上皮细胞thyroglobulin, air?u l?bjuli

35、?iodination,ai?udinei?n 碘化的甲状腺球蛋白colloid k ?l?id 胶体thyroxine air?ksi:n, -sin 甲状腺素triiodothyronine(T3) 三碘甲状腺原氨酸tetraiodothyronine(T4) 四碘甲状腺原氨酸parafollicular cell 滤泡旁细胞calcitonin ,k?lsit ?unin 降钙素parathyroid ,p?r ? air?id 甲状旁腺chief cell 主细胞parathyroid hormone 甲状旁腺激素oxyphil cell 嗜酸性细胞adrenal ?dri:n?l g

36、land 肾上腺zona glomerulosa 球状带mineralocorticoid ,min ?r?l?uk?:tik?id 盐皮质激素aldosterone ,?ld ?uster?un 醛固酮zona fasiculata 束状带Glucocorticoid , lu:k?uk?:tik?id糖皮质激素corticosterone,k ?:tik ?st?r?un 皮质酮zona reticularis 网状带chromaffin kr ?um?fincell 嗜铬细胞adrenaline?dren?lin epinephrine,epinefrin 肾上腺素norepinephr

37、ine/noradrenaline 去甲肾上腺素pituitary gland pitju:it ?ri 垂体basophilic cell,beis ?filik 嗜碱性细胞thyrotroph 促甲状腺激素细胞thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin 促甲状腺激素adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph 促肾上腺皮质激素细胞adrenocorticotropin ?dri:n?u,k?:tik?utr?pin 促肾上腺皮质激素gonadotroph 促性腺激素细胞精选学习资料 - - - - - -

38、 - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页12 adenohypophysis,?d ?n?uhaip?fisis 腺垂体pars distalis 远侧部acidophilic cell ,? sid?ufilik嗜酸性细胞somatotroph s?um?t?tr?uf 生长激素细胞somatotropin/growth hormone(GH) 生长激素mammotroph/prolactin cell 促乳激素细胞mammotropin,m?m ?utr?upin 促乳激素folliclef ?likl stimulating stimjuleiti

39、? hormone(FSH) 卵泡刺激素luteinizinglu:tiinaiz hormone(LH) h?:m?un 黄体生成素interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH) 间质细胞刺激素chromophobe cell 嫌色细胞pars intermedia 中间部melanotroph 促黑素激素细胞melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) 黑素细胞刺激素pars tuberalis 结节部neurohypophysis,nju ?r?uhaip?fisis 神经垂体pars nervosa 神经部pituicy

40、tepitju:isait 垂体细胞Herring s body 赫林体hypothalamus,haip?u ?l?m?s 下丘脑supraoptic nucleus,sju:pr ?ptik 视上核paraaventricular nucleus 室旁核vasopressin(VP) ,veiz?upresin 加压素antidiuretic hormone(ADH)?nti,daiju ?retik 抗利尿激素oxytocin(OT),?ksit?usin, -t?- 催产素infundibulum ,inf ?ndibjul ?m漏斗Male Reproductive System ,

41、ri:pr ?d?ktiv男性生殖系统testis testis睾丸seminiferous tubule ,seminif?r?s 生精小管interstitial tissue 间质spermatogenic epithelium ,sp ?:m?t?ud?enik, 生精上皮spermatogenic cell 生精细胞spermatogonium ,sp?:m?t?u?uni?m,精原细胞primar spermatocyte sp?:m?t?usait, 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞spermatid sp?:m?tid 精子细胞sperma

42、tozoon ,sp?:m?t?uz?u?n精子sustentacular cell ,s?stent?kjul?, 支持细胞精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页13 interstitial cell 间质细胞androgen 雄激素Female Reproductive System 女性生殖系统ovary ?uv?ri 卵巢superficial epithelium 表面上皮ovarian cortex k?:teks 卵巢皮质ovarian medulla med?l? 卵巢髓质hilus cell ha

43、il?s 门细胞follicle f?likl 卵泡primordial follicle praim ?:dj?l 原始卵泡primary cocyte 初级卵母细胞oogonium ,?u?uni?m卵原细胞follicular cell f?likjul ? 卵泡细胞primary follicle 初级卵泡zona pellucida 透明带corona k?r?un? radiata reidi,eit? 放射冠secondary follicle 次级卵泡follicular cavity 卵泡腔follicular fluid 卵泡液cumuluskju:mjul?s oopho

44、rus 卵丘stratum granulosum 颗粒层follicular theca 卵泡膜theca i:k? interna 卵泡膜内层theca externa 卵泡膜外层mature follicle 成熟卵泡secondary oocyte ?u?sait 次级卵母细胞polar body 极体first polar body 第一极体secondary polar body 第二极体ovum ?uv?m 卵子ovulation ,?uvjulei? n, ?- 排卵corpus luteum 黄体granulosagr?njul?us? lutein cell 颗粒黄体细胞th

45、eca lutein cell 膜黄体细胞progesteronepr ?ud?est?r?un 孕酮estrogen estr ?d?n 雌激素corpus lutein of menstruation ,menstruei ? n 月经黄体corpus lutein of pregnancy pre n?nsi 妊娠黄体corpus albicans ?lbik?ns 白体精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 14 页14 uterussir?us?, -z? 子宫perimetrium perimi:tri ?m 子宫

46、外膜serosa sir ?us?, -z? 浆膜fibrosa 纤维膜myometrium ,mai?umitri?m 子宫肌膜endometrium ,end?umi:tri?m 子宫内膜uterine gland ju:t?rain 子宫腺spiral artery spai ?r?l 螺旋动脉menstrual cycle menstru?l 月经周期proliferative phase pr?,lif?reitiv增生期follicular phase feiz 卵泡期secretory phase 分泌期luteal phase 黄体期menstrual phase 月经期Emb

47、ryology,embri ?l?d?i 胚胎学fertilization,f ?:tilaizei? n 受精cleavagekli:vid? 卵裂implantation,impl :ntei?n植入morulam?:rjul? 桑椹胚blastocystbl? st?usist卵泡germ disc 胚盘ectodermekt?d?:m 外胚层mesodermmes ?ud?:m, ,mez- 中胚层endodermend ?ud ?:m内胚层fetal membrane 胎膜chorionk?:ri?n 绒毛膜amnion?mni?n 羊膜囊yolk sac 卵黄囊allantois?l?nt ?uis 尿囊umbilical cord?mbilik?l 脐带placentapl?sent? 胚盘chorionk?:ri?n frondosum 丛密绒毛膜decidua basalis disidju ? 底蜕膜精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 14 页